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NURS 480
NURS 480/ NURS480 – Advanced Medical Surgical
Health Nursing | WCU | 2026–2027 | EXAM 2 Content
with Verified Questions and Answers
What is the expected duration of elevated levels for myoglobin? - ANS ✓24 hrs
What cardiac enzyme is more reliable as an indicator for cardiac damage or injury? -
ANS ✓Troponin I
What is the range for cholesterol? - ANS ✓Less than 200 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a cholesterol test? - ANS ✓Screening for heart disease
What is the range for LDL? - ANS ✓Less than 130 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a LDL test? - ANS ✓"Bad" cholesterol
Transports cholesterol to the body's cell from the liver
What is the range for triglycerides? - ANS ✓Males: 40-160 mg/dL
Females: 35-135 mg/dL
NURS 480
, 2
NURS 480
What is the purpose of a triglyceride test? - ANS ✓Evaluate the client's risk for heart
disease
What is the range for HDL? - ANS ✓Males: greater than 45 mg/dL
Females: greater then 55 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a HDL test? - ANS ✓"Good" cholesterol
Protected coronary arteries from heart disease by transporting cholesterol from the
body's cells to the liver
Why is a transthoracic echocardiography done? - ANS ✓Diagnose valve disorders, and
cardiomyopathy; evaluate the size, shape, and motion of the structure of the heart; and
measure the ejection fraction
What is an intra op consideration for transthoracic echocardiography? - ANS ✓Life on
left side an remain still
Why is transesophageal echocardiography done? - ANS ✓Provides clearer ultrasound
images because waves pass through less tissue
NURS 480
, 3
NURS 480
How is a transesophageal echocardiography done? - ANS ✓Small transducer is passed
through the mouth and into the esophagus to provide images of the heart
What is a pre op consideration for transesophageal echocardiography? - ANS ✓NPO
for 6 hrs prior
What are post op considerations for transesophageal echocardiography? - ANS
✓Monitor VS, oxygenation status, LOC, and return of gag reflex
Keep HIB at 45 degrees
What is stress testing? - ANS ✓Client exercises the cardiac muscles by walking on a
treadmill
How is a pulmonary artery catheter instered? - ANS ✓Into a large vein (internal jugular,
femoral, subclavian, brachial) and threaded through the right atria and ventricle into a branch
of the PA
PA catheters have multiple lumens and components. What are they and what are they
used for? - ANS ✓Proximal Lumen: measures right atrial pressure (central venous pressure or
CVP), infuse IV fluids, and obtain venous blood samples
Distal Lumen: Measures PAP (PA systolic, PA diastolic, mean PA pressure, and PA
wedge pressure), NOT USED FOR IV FLUIDS
NURS 480
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NURS 480
Balloon Inflation Port: PAWP measurement, should be deflated and locked in position
when not in use
Thermistor: measures temp difference between the right atrium and the PA in order to
determine CO
What measure the preload of the right and left heart? - ANS ✓Right: CVP
Left: PAWP
What are manifestation for elevated CVP and PAWP? - ANS ✓Crackles in lungs
JVD
Hepatomegaly
Peripheral edema
Taut skin turgor
What are manifestations for decreased CVP and PAWP? - ANS ✓Poor skin turgor
Dry mucous membranes
NURS 480
NURS 480
NURS 480/ NURS480 – Advanced Medical Surgical
Health Nursing | WCU | 2026–2027 | EXAM 2 Content
with Verified Questions and Answers
What is the expected duration of elevated levels for myoglobin? - ANS ✓24 hrs
What cardiac enzyme is more reliable as an indicator for cardiac damage or injury? -
ANS ✓Troponin I
What is the range for cholesterol? - ANS ✓Less than 200 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a cholesterol test? - ANS ✓Screening for heart disease
What is the range for LDL? - ANS ✓Less than 130 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a LDL test? - ANS ✓"Bad" cholesterol
Transports cholesterol to the body's cell from the liver
What is the range for triglycerides? - ANS ✓Males: 40-160 mg/dL
Females: 35-135 mg/dL
NURS 480
, 2
NURS 480
What is the purpose of a triglyceride test? - ANS ✓Evaluate the client's risk for heart
disease
What is the range for HDL? - ANS ✓Males: greater than 45 mg/dL
Females: greater then 55 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a HDL test? - ANS ✓"Good" cholesterol
Protected coronary arteries from heart disease by transporting cholesterol from the
body's cells to the liver
Why is a transthoracic echocardiography done? - ANS ✓Diagnose valve disorders, and
cardiomyopathy; evaluate the size, shape, and motion of the structure of the heart; and
measure the ejection fraction
What is an intra op consideration for transthoracic echocardiography? - ANS ✓Life on
left side an remain still
Why is transesophageal echocardiography done? - ANS ✓Provides clearer ultrasound
images because waves pass through less tissue
NURS 480
, 3
NURS 480
How is a transesophageal echocardiography done? - ANS ✓Small transducer is passed
through the mouth and into the esophagus to provide images of the heart
What is a pre op consideration for transesophageal echocardiography? - ANS ✓NPO
for 6 hrs prior
What are post op considerations for transesophageal echocardiography? - ANS
✓Monitor VS, oxygenation status, LOC, and return of gag reflex
Keep HIB at 45 degrees
What is stress testing? - ANS ✓Client exercises the cardiac muscles by walking on a
treadmill
How is a pulmonary artery catheter instered? - ANS ✓Into a large vein (internal jugular,
femoral, subclavian, brachial) and threaded through the right atria and ventricle into a branch
of the PA
PA catheters have multiple lumens and components. What are they and what are they
used for? - ANS ✓Proximal Lumen: measures right atrial pressure (central venous pressure or
CVP), infuse IV fluids, and obtain venous blood samples
Distal Lumen: Measures PAP (PA systolic, PA diastolic, mean PA pressure, and PA
wedge pressure), NOT USED FOR IV FLUIDS
NURS 480
, 4
NURS 480
Balloon Inflation Port: PAWP measurement, should be deflated and locked in position
when not in use
Thermistor: measures temp difference between the right atrium and the PA in order to
determine CO
What measure the preload of the right and left heart? - ANS ✓Right: CVP
Left: PAWP
What are manifestation for elevated CVP and PAWP? - ANS ✓Crackles in lungs
JVD
Hepatomegaly
Peripheral edema
Taut skin turgor
What are manifestations for decreased CVP and PAWP? - ANS ✓Poor skin turgor
Dry mucous membranes
NURS 480
