f4 NSG530 / NSG 530 Exam 4
Advanced Pathophysiology - Wilkes
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,### 1. A 57-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for a red face, hands,
feet, ears, and headache and drowsiness. A blood smear reveals an increased number
of erythrocytes. This indicates:
- A) Leukemia
- B) Polycythemia vera (PV)
- C) Hemolytic anemia
- D) Thrombocytopenia
Answer: B) Polycythemia vera (PV)
- Explanation: Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an
increased number of erythrocytes (red blood cells). Symptoms such as facial flushing
and headaches can occur due to increased blood viscosity and hypervolemia.
### 2. A 67-year-old female is admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis
of polycythemia vera. Upon taking the history, the patient will most likely report:
- A) Abdominal pain
- B) Chest pain
- C) Joint pain
- D) Blurred vision
Answer: B) Chest pain
- Explanation: Patients with polycythemia vera often experience chest pain as a
result of increased blood viscosity, which can lead to altered hemodynamics and
ischemia.
### 3. Alpha and beta thalassemias are inherited disorders. They are considered:
- A) X-linked recessive
- B) Autosomal dominant
- C) Autosomal recessive
- D) Mitochondrial
, Answer: C) Autosomal recessive
- Explanation: Both alpha and beta thalassemias are passed on through an
autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, requiring both parents to be carriers for a child
to express the disease.
### 4. What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of
pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?
- A) Vitamin B12
- B) Folic acid
- C) Iron
- D) Calcium
Answer: B) Folic acid
- Explanation: Folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy is
essential to reduce the risk of neural tube defects, as it is critical for proper neural
development.
### 5. Sickle cell disease is characterized by the presence of Hb S. A nurse is trying to
differentiate between Hb S and normal Hb. Which of the following amino acids is
present in Hb S and not present in normal Hb?
- A) Glutamic acid
- B) Valine
- C) Lysine
- D) Alanine
Answer: B) Valine
- Explanation: In sickle cell disease, the amino acid glutamic acid in the beta-
globulin chain is replaced by valine, which leads to abnormal hemoglobin structure and
function.
, ### 6. High blood glucose levels damage blood vessels in the kidneys, which over time
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 causes kidneys to become inefficient at filtering blood. The damage caused then leads
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 to a high level of what (upon testing)?
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - A) Creatinine
f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - B) Urea
f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - C) Microalbuminuria in urine
f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - D) Glucose
f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 Answer: C) Microalbuminuria in urine f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - Explanation: Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by leakage of albumin into
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 urine, indicated by microalbuminuria, reflecting kidney damage caused by prolonged
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 high glucose levels. f4 f4
### 7. One of the most important factors leading to insulin resistance and diabetes is
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 obesity. What are several important mechanisms that correlate with obesity that cause
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 these conditions? f4
f4 f4 f4 - A) Increase in leptin and decrease in ghrelin
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - B) Alterations in insulin receptors, glucagon, adipokines, amylin, incretins, and
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 ghrelin
f4 f4 f4 - C) Increase in thyroid hormones
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - D) Decreased physical activity
f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 Answer: B) Alterations in insulin receptors, glucagon, adipokines, amylin, incretins,
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 and ghrelin f4
f4 f4 f4 - Explanation: Obesity leads to complex metabolic changes, including altered
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 secretion and action of hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which play critical roles
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
Advanced Pathophysiology - Wilkes
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,### 1. A 57-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for a red face, hands,
feet, ears, and headache and drowsiness. A blood smear reveals an increased number
of erythrocytes. This indicates:
- A) Leukemia
- B) Polycythemia vera (PV)
- C) Hemolytic anemia
- D) Thrombocytopenia
Answer: B) Polycythemia vera (PV)
- Explanation: Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an
increased number of erythrocytes (red blood cells). Symptoms such as facial flushing
and headaches can occur due to increased blood viscosity and hypervolemia.
### 2. A 67-year-old female is admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis
of polycythemia vera. Upon taking the history, the patient will most likely report:
- A) Abdominal pain
- B) Chest pain
- C) Joint pain
- D) Blurred vision
Answer: B) Chest pain
- Explanation: Patients with polycythemia vera often experience chest pain as a
result of increased blood viscosity, which can lead to altered hemodynamics and
ischemia.
### 3. Alpha and beta thalassemias are inherited disorders. They are considered:
- A) X-linked recessive
- B) Autosomal dominant
- C) Autosomal recessive
- D) Mitochondrial
, Answer: C) Autosomal recessive
- Explanation: Both alpha and beta thalassemias are passed on through an
autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, requiring both parents to be carriers for a child
to express the disease.
### 4. What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of
pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?
- A) Vitamin B12
- B) Folic acid
- C) Iron
- D) Calcium
Answer: B) Folic acid
- Explanation: Folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy is
essential to reduce the risk of neural tube defects, as it is critical for proper neural
development.
### 5. Sickle cell disease is characterized by the presence of Hb S. A nurse is trying to
differentiate between Hb S and normal Hb. Which of the following amino acids is
present in Hb S and not present in normal Hb?
- A) Glutamic acid
- B) Valine
- C) Lysine
- D) Alanine
Answer: B) Valine
- Explanation: In sickle cell disease, the amino acid glutamic acid in the beta-
globulin chain is replaced by valine, which leads to abnormal hemoglobin structure and
function.
, ### 6. High blood glucose levels damage blood vessels in the kidneys, which over time
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 causes kidneys to become inefficient at filtering blood. The damage caused then leads
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 to a high level of what (upon testing)?
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - A) Creatinine
f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - B) Urea
f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - C) Microalbuminuria in urine
f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - D) Glucose
f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 Answer: C) Microalbuminuria in urine f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - Explanation: Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by leakage of albumin into
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 urine, indicated by microalbuminuria, reflecting kidney damage caused by prolonged
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 high glucose levels. f4 f4
### 7. One of the most important factors leading to insulin resistance and diabetes is
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 obesity. What are several important mechanisms that correlate with obesity that cause
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 these conditions? f4
f4 f4 f4 - A) Increase in leptin and decrease in ghrelin
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - B) Alterations in insulin receptors, glucagon, adipokines, amylin, incretins, and
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 ghrelin
f4 f4 f4 - C) Increase in thyroid hormones
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 - D) Decreased physical activity
f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 f4 f4 Answer: B) Alterations in insulin receptors, glucagon, adipokines, amylin, incretins,
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 and ghrelin f4
f4 f4 f4 - Explanation: Obesity leads to complex metabolic changes, including altered
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 secretion and action of hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which play critical roles
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
f4 in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.
f4 f4 f4 f4 f4
