Page 1 of 52
MBIO 3401 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026 TEST
BANK| COMPLETE 650 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+| MBIO 3401 EXAM
PREP|| BRAND NEW!!
what are paralogs .....ANSWER..... genes that have arisen from a
duplication within a species and have evolved to carry out
different functions
what are homologs .....ANSWER..... a gene derived from a
common ancestral gene CAN BE ORTHOLOGS OR PARALOGS
what are orthologs .....ANSWER..... a gene present in more than
one species is derived froma common ancestral gene and
encodes the same function
,Page 2 of 52
what feature are associated with DNA polymerase but not RNA
polymerase .....ANSWER..... has proofreading activity, needs a
primer
the ancestor of mitochondria derives from ancient .....ANSWER.....
proteobacteria (respiring bacteria)
what type of transport is required to deliver nutrients from low
nutrient aqueous environment where they are at lower
concentration than inside the cell .....ANSWER..... active transport
facilitated diffusion .....ANSWER..... a process of passive
transport acros a membrane that is facilitated by transport
protein
passive diffusion .....ANSWER..... net movement of molecules
across a membrane without energy expenditure
aquaporins .....ANSWER.....
,Page 3 of 52
prominent members of microbial communities beneath icebergs
.....ANSWER..... psychrophiles
barophiles .....ANSWER..... aka piezophile. an organism that
requires high pressur
acidophile .....ANSWER..... organism that grows fastest in acid
thermophile .....ANSWER..... adapted for optimal growth at high
temperatures
mesophiles .....ANSWER..... organism with optimal growth
between 20-40 degrees C
order of gram stain .....ANSWER..... crystal violet, iodine,
decolorizer, safranin
eutrophication .....ANSWER..... sudden infusion of large quantities
of formerly limiting nutrients
, Page 4 of 52
why would eutrophication cause fish death .....ANSWER..... the
nutrients cause an overgrowth of microbes, which in turn produces
too much
attachment organelle that is a membrane bound extension of the
cytoplasm .....ANSWER..... stalks
what are pilli .....ANSWER..... aka fimbria. a straight protein
filament composed of a tube of protein monomers that extend
from a bacterial cell envelope
what are fimbrae .....ANSWER..... aka pilllus
flagella .....ANSWER..... a filamentous structure for motility.
prokaryotes- a helical protein filament attached to a rotary
motor
MBIO 3401 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026 TEST
BANK| COMPLETE 650 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+| MBIO 3401 EXAM
PREP|| BRAND NEW!!
what are paralogs .....ANSWER..... genes that have arisen from a
duplication within a species and have evolved to carry out
different functions
what are homologs .....ANSWER..... a gene derived from a
common ancestral gene CAN BE ORTHOLOGS OR PARALOGS
what are orthologs .....ANSWER..... a gene present in more than
one species is derived froma common ancestral gene and
encodes the same function
,Page 2 of 52
what feature are associated with DNA polymerase but not RNA
polymerase .....ANSWER..... has proofreading activity, needs a
primer
the ancestor of mitochondria derives from ancient .....ANSWER.....
proteobacteria (respiring bacteria)
what type of transport is required to deliver nutrients from low
nutrient aqueous environment where they are at lower
concentration than inside the cell .....ANSWER..... active transport
facilitated diffusion .....ANSWER..... a process of passive
transport acros a membrane that is facilitated by transport
protein
passive diffusion .....ANSWER..... net movement of molecules
across a membrane without energy expenditure
aquaporins .....ANSWER.....
,Page 3 of 52
prominent members of microbial communities beneath icebergs
.....ANSWER..... psychrophiles
barophiles .....ANSWER..... aka piezophile. an organism that
requires high pressur
acidophile .....ANSWER..... organism that grows fastest in acid
thermophile .....ANSWER..... adapted for optimal growth at high
temperatures
mesophiles .....ANSWER..... organism with optimal growth
between 20-40 degrees C
order of gram stain .....ANSWER..... crystal violet, iodine,
decolorizer, safranin
eutrophication .....ANSWER..... sudden infusion of large quantities
of formerly limiting nutrients
, Page 4 of 52
why would eutrophication cause fish death .....ANSWER..... the
nutrients cause an overgrowth of microbes, which in turn produces
too much
attachment organelle that is a membrane bound extension of the
cytoplasm .....ANSWER..... stalks
what are pilli .....ANSWER..... aka fimbria. a straight protein
filament composed of a tube of protein monomers that extend
from a bacterial cell envelope
what are fimbrae .....ANSWER..... aka pilllus
flagella .....ANSWER..... a filamentous structure for motility.
prokaryotes- a helical protein filament attached to a rotary
motor
