Page 1 of 266
Summary Week 4 Midterm Exam Study Guide - NR602 /
NR-602 / NR 602 (Latest) : Primary Care of the
Childbearing and Childrearing Family Practicum -
Chamberlain
Strabismus .....ANSWER.....crossed eyes; a defect in In ocular
alignment, or the position of the eyes in relation to each other; It
is commonly called lazy eye. And strabismus, the visual axes are
not parallel because the muscles of the eyes are not coordinated;
When one eye is directed straight ahead, the other deviates
Retinoblastoma .....ANSWER.....tumor arising from a developing
retinal cell; intraocular tumor that develops in the retina.
Although it is rare, this malignant retinal tumor is the most
common tumor in childhood (some 4% of cancers in children
younger than 15 years of age)
,Page 2 of 266
Retinoblastoma clinical findings .....ANSWER.....strabismus is the
most common finding
there is a decreased visual acuity uni- or bilateral white pupil
(leukocoria), described often as an intermittent "glow, glint,
gleam, or glare" by parents, is usually seen in low light settings
or noted in photographs taken with a flash i.e. (cat's eye reflex);
other symptoms include an abnormal red reflex, nystagmus,
glaucoma, orbital Cellulitis and photophobia, hyphema,
hypopyon (plus an anterior Chamber of eye); Signs of global
rupture or also possible
leukocoria .....ANSWER.....condition of white pupil
Bulbar or palpebral conjunctival infection .....ANSWER.....a
common presentation, which can be unilateral or bilateral
conjunctival infection differential diagnosis
.....ANSWER.....allergy, conjunctivitis, infection, foreign body,
,Page 3 of 266
chemical exposure, or systemic inflammatory disease, irritation of
the conjunctiva or cornea, and congenital glaucoma.
conjunctival infection drainage .....ANSWER.....watery discharge;
purulent/mucoid discharge
watery discharge .....ANSWER.....can occur with allergies,
nasolacrimal obstruction, foreign bodies, viral infection, and iritis.
Purulent or mucoid discharge .....ANSWER.....noted with chronic
dacrocystitis or nasolacrimal obstruction.
Dacrocystitis .....ANSWER.....inflammation of the tear sac
Advanced allergic conjunctivitis .....ANSWER.....have some mucoid
production.
To differentiate, microscopic investigation of discharge may lead
to other clues
, Page 4 of 266
photophobia .....ANSWER.....sensitivity to light; symptom common
of trauma and in infants with glaucoma or retinal disease. Other
non-eye related causes of this include migraines and meningitis.
leukocoria .....ANSWER.....serious finding and demands
immediate referral to the pediatric ophthalmologist. white pupil
causes of leukocoria .....ANSWER.....retinal detachment, cataract,
retinal dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and in newborns
retinoblastoma All newborns should have a fundoscopic
examination within 24 hours of birth and yearly on physical
examinations.
ophthalmia neonatorum .....ANSWER.....conjunctivitis of the
newborn. Etiology: chlamydia, staphylococcus aureus, gonorrhea,
HSV (silver nitrate reaction occurs on 10% of neontes). Clinical
findings: erythema, chemosis, purulent exudate with gonorrhea.
Clear to mucoid exudate with chlamydia. Diagnosis through gram
stain to rule out gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Summary Week 4 Midterm Exam Study Guide - NR602 /
NR-602 / NR 602 (Latest) : Primary Care of the
Childbearing and Childrearing Family Practicum -
Chamberlain
Strabismus .....ANSWER.....crossed eyes; a defect in In ocular
alignment, or the position of the eyes in relation to each other; It
is commonly called lazy eye. And strabismus, the visual axes are
not parallel because the muscles of the eyes are not coordinated;
When one eye is directed straight ahead, the other deviates
Retinoblastoma .....ANSWER.....tumor arising from a developing
retinal cell; intraocular tumor that develops in the retina.
Although it is rare, this malignant retinal tumor is the most
common tumor in childhood (some 4% of cancers in children
younger than 15 years of age)
,Page 2 of 266
Retinoblastoma clinical findings .....ANSWER.....strabismus is the
most common finding
there is a decreased visual acuity uni- or bilateral white pupil
(leukocoria), described often as an intermittent "glow, glint,
gleam, or glare" by parents, is usually seen in low light settings
or noted in photographs taken with a flash i.e. (cat's eye reflex);
other symptoms include an abnormal red reflex, nystagmus,
glaucoma, orbital Cellulitis and photophobia, hyphema,
hypopyon (plus an anterior Chamber of eye); Signs of global
rupture or also possible
leukocoria .....ANSWER.....condition of white pupil
Bulbar or palpebral conjunctival infection .....ANSWER.....a
common presentation, which can be unilateral or bilateral
conjunctival infection differential diagnosis
.....ANSWER.....allergy, conjunctivitis, infection, foreign body,
,Page 3 of 266
chemical exposure, or systemic inflammatory disease, irritation of
the conjunctiva or cornea, and congenital glaucoma.
conjunctival infection drainage .....ANSWER.....watery discharge;
purulent/mucoid discharge
watery discharge .....ANSWER.....can occur with allergies,
nasolacrimal obstruction, foreign bodies, viral infection, and iritis.
Purulent or mucoid discharge .....ANSWER.....noted with chronic
dacrocystitis or nasolacrimal obstruction.
Dacrocystitis .....ANSWER.....inflammation of the tear sac
Advanced allergic conjunctivitis .....ANSWER.....have some mucoid
production.
To differentiate, microscopic investigation of discharge may lead
to other clues
, Page 4 of 266
photophobia .....ANSWER.....sensitivity to light; symptom common
of trauma and in infants with glaucoma or retinal disease. Other
non-eye related causes of this include migraines and meningitis.
leukocoria .....ANSWER.....serious finding and demands
immediate referral to the pediatric ophthalmologist. white pupil
causes of leukocoria .....ANSWER.....retinal detachment, cataract,
retinal dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and in newborns
retinoblastoma All newborns should have a fundoscopic
examination within 24 hours of birth and yearly on physical
examinations.
ophthalmia neonatorum .....ANSWER.....conjunctivitis of the
newborn. Etiology: chlamydia, staphylococcus aureus, gonorrhea,
HSV (silver nitrate reaction occurs on 10% of neontes). Clinical
findings: erythema, chemosis, purulent exudate with gonorrhea.
Clear to mucoid exudate with chlamydia. Diagnosis through gram
stain to rule out gonorrhea and chlamydia.
