UPDATE!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
What are the 3 domains of life? - ANSWER Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Who is the common ancestor for plants and animals? - ANSWER Unicellular green
algae; 400-500 million years ago they transitioned from water to land and gave rise to plants
(with rise of chloroplasts)
Ancestral lineage: first ancestor, secondary events, apomorphies, how we got the different
kingdoms - ANSWER 3.5 billion years ago we saw the first ancestor, started living in
protoplasm and divided to give us the different kingdoms; 2nd endosymbiotic event:
eukaryote that could photosynthesize was taken up by another eukaryote (created
chloroplasts); second primary event: chloroplast engulfed by eukaryotic cell
Who were land plants derived from? - ANSWER Charophytes; cutie stopped
evaporating, separate reproductive organs, stomates control moisture, transpiration &
transportation (above stomates)
What three attributes do all green plants share? - ANSWER starch, chlorophyll, flagella
What are the main characteristics of Angiosperms? - ANSWER 1. flower parts
2. fruits
3. pollen (fertilization)
4. Leaves
What phylum do flowering plants belong to? - ANSWER Tracheophyta
1
, Explain the pathway of pollen in reproduction - ANSWER Pollen comes from the
anther sacs and lands on the stigma, the pollen travels down the style and into the hollow
ovary, the pollen fertilizes the ovules in the ovary, it then develops into seeds and the ovary
wall turns into the fruit (flesh of the fruit)
What type of plants species do NOT need a partner to reproduce? -
ANSWER Monoecious species
What type of plant species need a partner to reproduce? - ANSWER Dioecious species
Give an example of a monoecious plant. - ANSWER Corn: has tassels (male/staminate)
and silks (female/pistillate); pollen from the tassels land on the stigma at the end of the silks;
when fertilized the ovule will turn into a kernel of corn
What is the difference between a carpel and a pistil? - ANSWER When referring to an
unfused carpel you can use carpel and pistil interchangeably (called either a pistil, simple
pistil, or carpel), although when more than one carpel fuse together it would be called a
compound pistil.
Why do you see paired ovules when you cut into a pistil? - ANSWER The gynoecium
was hypothesized to have been evolved from 1 leaf with ovules on the margins that was
rolled inwards and became enclosed.
What would you call a flower with radial symmetry? Explain what radial symmetry is. -
ANSWER Actinomorphic flowers, radial symmetry is when there is 2 or more planes of
symmetry
What would you call a flower with bilateral symmetry? Explain what bilateral symmetry is. -
ANSWER Zygomorphic flowers (or irregular), bilateral symmetry is when there is one
plane of symmetry.
2
What are the 3 domains of life? - ANSWER Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Who is the common ancestor for plants and animals? - ANSWER Unicellular green
algae; 400-500 million years ago they transitioned from water to land and gave rise to plants
(with rise of chloroplasts)
Ancestral lineage: first ancestor, secondary events, apomorphies, how we got the different
kingdoms - ANSWER 3.5 billion years ago we saw the first ancestor, started living in
protoplasm and divided to give us the different kingdoms; 2nd endosymbiotic event:
eukaryote that could photosynthesize was taken up by another eukaryote (created
chloroplasts); second primary event: chloroplast engulfed by eukaryotic cell
Who were land plants derived from? - ANSWER Charophytes; cutie stopped
evaporating, separate reproductive organs, stomates control moisture, transpiration &
transportation (above stomates)
What three attributes do all green plants share? - ANSWER starch, chlorophyll, flagella
What are the main characteristics of Angiosperms? - ANSWER 1. flower parts
2. fruits
3. pollen (fertilization)
4. Leaves
What phylum do flowering plants belong to? - ANSWER Tracheophyta
1
, Explain the pathway of pollen in reproduction - ANSWER Pollen comes from the
anther sacs and lands on the stigma, the pollen travels down the style and into the hollow
ovary, the pollen fertilizes the ovules in the ovary, it then develops into seeds and the ovary
wall turns into the fruit (flesh of the fruit)
What type of plants species do NOT need a partner to reproduce? -
ANSWER Monoecious species
What type of plant species need a partner to reproduce? - ANSWER Dioecious species
Give an example of a monoecious plant. - ANSWER Corn: has tassels (male/staminate)
and silks (female/pistillate); pollen from the tassels land on the stigma at the end of the silks;
when fertilized the ovule will turn into a kernel of corn
What is the difference between a carpel and a pistil? - ANSWER When referring to an
unfused carpel you can use carpel and pistil interchangeably (called either a pistil, simple
pistil, or carpel), although when more than one carpel fuse together it would be called a
compound pistil.
Why do you see paired ovules when you cut into a pistil? - ANSWER The gynoecium
was hypothesized to have been evolved from 1 leaf with ovules on the margins that was
rolled inwards and became enclosed.
What would you call a flower with radial symmetry? Explain what radial symmetry is. -
ANSWER Actinomorphic flowers, radial symmetry is when there is 2 or more planes of
symmetry
What would you call a flower with bilateral symmetry? Explain what bilateral symmetry is. -
ANSWER Zygomorphic flowers (or irregular), bilateral symmetry is when there is one
plane of symmetry.
2
