Solutions manual For Essentials of Anatomy
and Physiology 8th Edition By Jason LaPres,
Beth Ann Kersten Chapter 1-18
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology (1–10)
1. Which of the following is the correct order of structural organization in the human
body from simplest to most complex?
✅
A. Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Cell → Organism
B. Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
C. Organism → Organ System → Organ → Tissue → Cell
D. Cell → Organ → Tissue → Organism → Organ System
Rationale: The human body is organized hierarchically: cells form tissues, tissues form
organs, organs form organ systems, and organ systems make up the organism.
2. Homeostasis refers to:
✅
A. The structural arrangement of body parts
B. Maintaining a stable internal environment
C. The process of growth and development
D. Cellular metabolism
Rationale: Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment
despite external changes.
3. Which plane divides the body into right and left portions?
✅
A. Frontal
B. Sagittal
C. Transverse
D. Coronal
Rationale: The sagittal plane runs vertically and divides the body into right and left
sections.
4. The study of body function is called:
✅
A. Anatomy
B. Physiology
C. Histology
, D. Pathology
Rationale: Physiology studies how body parts work and interact, whereas anatomy
focuses on structure.
5. Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism?
A. Blood clotting
✅
B. Labor contractions
C. Regulation of blood glucose
D. Fever during infection
Rationale: Negative feedback reduces deviation from a set point, such as regulating
blood glucose. Positive feedback amplifies a change (e.g., labor contractions).
6. Which of the following cavities houses the heart and lungs?
✅
A. Cranial cavity
B. Thoracic cavity
C. Abdominal cavity
D. Pelvic cavity
Rationale: The thoracic cavity contains the heart and lungs, separated from the
abdominal cavity by the diaphragm.
7. Which level of organization consists of similar cells working together?
✅
A. Organ
B. Tissue
C. System
D. Organism
Rationale: Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a common function.
8. Which term describes the front of the body?
✅
A. Dorsal
B. Ventral
C. Superior
D. Posterior
Rationale: Ventral refers to the anterior/front side, whereas dorsal refers to the back.
9. The axial region of the body includes:
✅
A. Limbs
B. Head, neck, and trunk
C. Arms and legs
D. Hands and feet
Rationale: The axial region forms the central axis of the body: head, neck, and trunk.
10.Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function?
A. Metabolism
B. Reproduction
, ✅
C. Digestion
D. Hair growth
Rationale: Hair growth is not essential for survival; necessary life functions include
metabolism, growth, reproduction, and maintaining homeostasis.
Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization (11–20)
11.Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
✅
A. Neutron
B. Proton
C. Electron
D. Photon
Rationale: Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are
negatively charged.
12.Which bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
✅
A. Ionic
B. Covalent
C. Hydrogen
D. Van der Waals
Rationale: Covalent bonds share electrons, ionic bonds transfer electrons.
13.Which element is most abundant in the human body?
✅
A. Carbon
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Hydrogen
Rationale: Oxygen makes up about 65% of body mass, primarily in water molecules.
14.pH measures:
✅
A. Number of molecules in solution
B. Hydrogen ion concentration
C. Oxygen concentration
D. Sodium levels
Rationale: pH indicates the concentration of H⁺ ions in a solution; low pH is acidic, high
pH is basic.
15.Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
, D. Nucleic acid ✅
Rationale: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic information.
16.Enzymes function as:
✅
A. Energy sources
B. Catalysts
C. Substrates
D. Hormones
Rationale: Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.
✅
17.Which molecule is a primary source of energy in cells?
A. Glucose
B. DNA
C. Fatty acids
D. Protein
Rationale: Glucose is the main energy source for ATP production.
18.Hydrophobic molecules are:
✅
A. Water-loving
B. Water-fearing
C. Ionic
D. Polar
Rationale: Hydrophobic molecules repel water and are non-polar.
19.Which type of bond forms between water molecules?
A. Ionic
✅
B. Covalent
C. Hydrogen
D. Peptide
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds form between the slightly positive hydrogen of one water
molecule and the slightly negative oxygen of another.
20.Which type of reaction joins monomers to form polymers?
✅
A. Hydrolysis
B. Dehydration synthesis
C. Oxidation
D. Reduction
Rationale: Dehydration synthesis removes water to join monomers; hydrolysis adds
water to break polymers.
and Physiology 8th Edition By Jason LaPres,
Beth Ann Kersten Chapter 1-18
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology (1–10)
1. Which of the following is the correct order of structural organization in the human
body from simplest to most complex?
✅
A. Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Cell → Organism
B. Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
C. Organism → Organ System → Organ → Tissue → Cell
D. Cell → Organ → Tissue → Organism → Organ System
Rationale: The human body is organized hierarchically: cells form tissues, tissues form
organs, organs form organ systems, and organ systems make up the organism.
2. Homeostasis refers to:
✅
A. The structural arrangement of body parts
B. Maintaining a stable internal environment
C. The process of growth and development
D. Cellular metabolism
Rationale: Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment
despite external changes.
3. Which plane divides the body into right and left portions?
✅
A. Frontal
B. Sagittal
C. Transverse
D. Coronal
Rationale: The sagittal plane runs vertically and divides the body into right and left
sections.
4. The study of body function is called:
✅
A. Anatomy
B. Physiology
C. Histology
, D. Pathology
Rationale: Physiology studies how body parts work and interact, whereas anatomy
focuses on structure.
5. Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism?
A. Blood clotting
✅
B. Labor contractions
C. Regulation of blood glucose
D. Fever during infection
Rationale: Negative feedback reduces deviation from a set point, such as regulating
blood glucose. Positive feedback amplifies a change (e.g., labor contractions).
6. Which of the following cavities houses the heart and lungs?
✅
A. Cranial cavity
B. Thoracic cavity
C. Abdominal cavity
D. Pelvic cavity
Rationale: The thoracic cavity contains the heart and lungs, separated from the
abdominal cavity by the diaphragm.
7. Which level of organization consists of similar cells working together?
✅
A. Organ
B. Tissue
C. System
D. Organism
Rationale: Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a common function.
8. Which term describes the front of the body?
✅
A. Dorsal
B. Ventral
C. Superior
D. Posterior
Rationale: Ventral refers to the anterior/front side, whereas dorsal refers to the back.
9. The axial region of the body includes:
✅
A. Limbs
B. Head, neck, and trunk
C. Arms and legs
D. Hands and feet
Rationale: The axial region forms the central axis of the body: head, neck, and trunk.
10.Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function?
A. Metabolism
B. Reproduction
, ✅
C. Digestion
D. Hair growth
Rationale: Hair growth is not essential for survival; necessary life functions include
metabolism, growth, reproduction, and maintaining homeostasis.
Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization (11–20)
11.Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
✅
A. Neutron
B. Proton
C. Electron
D. Photon
Rationale: Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are
negatively charged.
12.Which bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
✅
A. Ionic
B. Covalent
C. Hydrogen
D. Van der Waals
Rationale: Covalent bonds share electrons, ionic bonds transfer electrons.
13.Which element is most abundant in the human body?
✅
A. Carbon
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Hydrogen
Rationale: Oxygen makes up about 65% of body mass, primarily in water molecules.
14.pH measures:
✅
A. Number of molecules in solution
B. Hydrogen ion concentration
C. Oxygen concentration
D. Sodium levels
Rationale: pH indicates the concentration of H⁺ ions in a solution; low pH is acidic, high
pH is basic.
15.Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
, D. Nucleic acid ✅
Rationale: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic information.
16.Enzymes function as:
✅
A. Energy sources
B. Catalysts
C. Substrates
D. Hormones
Rationale: Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.
✅
17.Which molecule is a primary source of energy in cells?
A. Glucose
B. DNA
C. Fatty acids
D. Protein
Rationale: Glucose is the main energy source for ATP production.
18.Hydrophobic molecules are:
✅
A. Water-loving
B. Water-fearing
C. Ionic
D. Polar
Rationale: Hydrophobic molecules repel water and are non-polar.
19.Which type of bond forms between water molecules?
A. Ionic
✅
B. Covalent
C. Hydrogen
D. Peptide
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds form between the slightly positive hydrogen of one water
molecule and the slightly negative oxygen of another.
20.Which type of reaction joins monomers to form polymers?
✅
A. Hydrolysis
B. Dehydration synthesis
C. Oxidation
D. Reduction
Rationale: Dehydration synthesis removes water to join monomers; hydrolysis adds
water to break polymers.
