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Impaired Central Perfusion - Correct Answers ✅Caused by
inadequate cardiac output, which leads to reduction in
oxygenated blood reaching the body tissue (systemic effect).
This can lead to ischemia, cell injury or death if untreated.
Impaired Local (Tissue) Perfusion - Correct Answers
✅Associated with loss of vessel patency or permeability, or
inadequate central perfusion. Results in impaired blood flow
to the body tissue (localized effect). Leads to ischemia and if
untreated, will lead to cell death.
Risk Factors for Perfusion - Correct Answers ✅Middle-aged
and older adults
Men
African Americans
Inadequate Perfusion in Infants - Correct Answers
✅Signs/Symptoms:
Poor feeding, poor weight gain, failure to thrive
Inadequate Perfusion in Toddlers/Children - Correct Answers
✅Signs/Symptoms:
Squatting and fatigue, and failure to reach milestones.
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Serum Lipid Levels (Perfusion) - Correct Answers ✅Total
lipids: 400-1,000 mg/dL
Cholesterol: <200 mg/dL
Triglycerides: Male- 40-160 mg/dL
Female- 135-145 mg/dL
HDL: F- >55mg/dL
M- >45 mg/dL
LDL: <130mg/dL
Elevations of lipids indicate CAD.
Platelets (Perfusion) - Correct Answers ✅150,000-400,000
cells/mm3
Essential for blood clotting
<100,000 tends to indicate thrombocytopenia.
>400,000 tends to indicate thrombocytosis.
Prothrombin Time - Correct Answers ✅Measures clotting
factors ability.
11-12.5 seconds
INR - Correct Answers ✅0.8-1.1
International Normalized Ratio
Coagulation blood test
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aPTT - Correct Answers ✅>30-40 seconds
PTT - Correct Answers ✅60-70 seconds
EKG - Correct Answers ✅Measures heart rhythm wave
deflections and heart rate
Cardiac Stress Test - Correct Answers ✅Can use chemical
or exercise.
Monitor heart under increased stress.
Normal findings should show no change in electrical
conduction and person should not have chest pain.
Electrolytes (Perfusion) - Correct Answers ✅Potassium:
Profound effects on HR & contractility.
Calcium: High levels can cause dysrythmias.
Magnesium: High levels slow down cardiac conduction.
Low levels increase cardiac irritability and arrthymias
Primary Prevention of Perfusion - Correct Answers
✅Smoking/Nicotine cessation, diet, exercise, weight control.