BIOL 235 Midterm 1 | Brand New
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bone - Answer✅✅organ made up of several different tissues working together
(bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, adipose tissue, nervous
tissue)
skeletal system - Answer✅✅entire framework of bones and their cartilages
basic functions of skeletal system - Answer✅✅support [soft tissues, attachment of
tendons]
protect [important internal organs from injury]
assistance in movement
mineral homeostasis [storage and release]
blood cell production [red bone marrow]
triglyceride storage [yellow bone marrow]
long bone - Answer✅✅has greater length than width
diaphysis - Answer✅✅is the bone's shaft or body—the long, cylindrical, main
portion of the bone
, epiphyses - Answer✅✅the proximal and distal ends of the bone
metaphyses - Answer✅✅the regions between the diaphysis and the epi- physes. In
a growing bone, each metaphysis contains an epiphyseal (growth) plate, a layer of
hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length
epiphyseal line - Answer✅✅the cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by
bone; the resulting bony structure is known as the ______
articular cartilage - Answer✅✅thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of
the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation ( joint) with another bone.
Articular cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely movable joints.
periosteum - Answer✅✅tough connective tissue sheath and its associated blood
supply that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular
cartilage. It is composed of an outer fibrous layer of dense irregular connective tissue
and an inner osteogenic layer that consists of cells
medullary cavity (aka marrow cavity) - Answer✅✅hollow, cylindrical space within
the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in
adults. This cavity minimizes the weight of the bone by reducing the dense bony
material where it is least needed
osteoprogenitor cells - Answer✅✅unspecialized bone stem cells derived from
mesenchyme, the tissue from which almost all connective tissues are formed. They
are the only bone cells to undergo cell division; the resulting cells develop into
osteoblasts. Osteoprogenitor cells are found along the inner portion of the
periosteum, in the endosteum, and in the canals within bone that contain blood
vessels
osteoblasts - Answer✅✅bone-building cells. They synthesize and secrete collagen
fibers and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of
bone tissue, and they initiate calcification
osteocytes - Answer✅✅mature bone cells, are the main cells in bone tissue and
maintain its daily metabolism, such as the exchange of nutrients and wastes with the
blood. Like osteoblasts, osteocytes do not undergo cell division
osteoclasts - Answer✅✅huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50
monocytes (a type of white blood cell) and are concentrated in the endosteum. On
the side of the cell that faces the bone surface, the osteoclast's plasma membrane is
deeply folded into a ruffled border. Here the cell releases powerful lys- osomal
enzymes and acids that digest the protein and mineral com- ponents of the
underlying extracellular bone matrix
Expert Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Clear Verified Answer| All
Graded A+| Latest Premium
Update.
bone - Answer✅✅organ made up of several different tissues working together
(bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, adipose tissue, nervous
tissue)
skeletal system - Answer✅✅entire framework of bones and their cartilages
basic functions of skeletal system - Answer✅✅support [soft tissues, attachment of
tendons]
protect [important internal organs from injury]
assistance in movement
mineral homeostasis [storage and release]
blood cell production [red bone marrow]
triglyceride storage [yellow bone marrow]
long bone - Answer✅✅has greater length than width
diaphysis - Answer✅✅is the bone's shaft or body—the long, cylindrical, main
portion of the bone
, epiphyses - Answer✅✅the proximal and distal ends of the bone
metaphyses - Answer✅✅the regions between the diaphysis and the epi- physes. In
a growing bone, each metaphysis contains an epiphyseal (growth) plate, a layer of
hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length
epiphyseal line - Answer✅✅the cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by
bone; the resulting bony structure is known as the ______
articular cartilage - Answer✅✅thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of
the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation ( joint) with another bone.
Articular cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely movable joints.
periosteum - Answer✅✅tough connective tissue sheath and its associated blood
supply that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular
cartilage. It is composed of an outer fibrous layer of dense irregular connective tissue
and an inner osteogenic layer that consists of cells
medullary cavity (aka marrow cavity) - Answer✅✅hollow, cylindrical space within
the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in
adults. This cavity minimizes the weight of the bone by reducing the dense bony
material where it is least needed
osteoprogenitor cells - Answer✅✅unspecialized bone stem cells derived from
mesenchyme, the tissue from which almost all connective tissues are formed. They
are the only bone cells to undergo cell division; the resulting cells develop into
osteoblasts. Osteoprogenitor cells are found along the inner portion of the
periosteum, in the endosteum, and in the canals within bone that contain blood
vessels
osteoblasts - Answer✅✅bone-building cells. They synthesize and secrete collagen
fibers and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of
bone tissue, and they initiate calcification
osteocytes - Answer✅✅mature bone cells, are the main cells in bone tissue and
maintain its daily metabolism, such as the exchange of nutrients and wastes with the
blood. Like osteoblasts, osteocytes do not undergo cell division
osteoclasts - Answer✅✅huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50
monocytes (a type of white blood cell) and are concentrated in the endosteum. On
the side of the cell that faces the bone surface, the osteoclast's plasma membrane is
deeply folded into a ruffled border. Here the cell releases powerful lys- osomal
enzymes and acids that digest the protein and mineral com- ponents of the
underlying extracellular bone matrix
