Samenvatting Bank en Beurs
Contents
Hoofdstuk 2............................................................................................................................................5
1. De rol van banken in de economie..................................................................................................5
1.1 basisactiveiten..........................................................................................................................5
1.2 marktverruimende activiteiten.................................................................................................6
2. Europese bankregelmentering........................................................................................................6
3. Interbankemarkt.............................................................................................................................6
Hoofdstuk 3............................................................................................................................................7
1. Overzicht spelers op financiële markten in België..........................................................................7
1.1 Banken......................................................................................................................................7
1.1.1 Banken: effectenbanken....................................................................................................7
1.1.2 Banken: zakenbanken/private equity.................................................................................7
1.1.3 Private banking vs personal banking..................................................................................8
1.2 Institutionele beleggers............................................................................................................8
1.2.1 Institutionele beleggers: holdings of portefeuillemaatschappijen.....................................8
1.2.2 Institutionele beleggers: beoordelen van een holding.......................................................9
1.2.3 Institutionele beleggers: voordelen van beleggen in een holding......................................9
1.7 Beleggingsondernemingen: beursvennootschappen (en vennootschappen voor
vermogensbeheer en beleggingsadvies).........................................................................................9
1.8 Betalingsinstellingen...............................................................................................................10
1.9 Fintech....................................................................................................................................10
1.10 Schaduwbankieren...............................................................................................................11
2. Pensioenfondsen..........................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 4..........................................................................................................................................12
1. Kredietrcrisis.................................................................................................................................12
2. Eurocrisis......................................................................................................................................12
3. Instellingen die richtlijnen uitvaardigen en controle uitoefenen..................................................12
3.1 FOD.........................................................................................................................................12
3.2 Twin-peaks model...................................................................................................................12
3.2.1 Taken van de NBB.............................................................................................................13
3.2.2 Doelstellingen van het monetair beleid...........................................................................13
3.2.3 Instrumenten NBB en ECB................................................................................................13
3.3 De FSMA.................................................................................................................................14
1
, 3.4 Beschermingsmaatregelen.....................................................................................................14
3.4.1 MiFID...............................................................................................................................14
3.4.2 Het Belgisch garantiefonds...............................................................................................15
4. Verscherpt toezicht op de financiële instellingen.........................................................................15
4.1 Concreet toezicht op de banken.............................................................................................15
4.2 Bazel.......................................................................................................................................15
5. Naar een Europees toezichtniveau...............................................................................................15
Hoofdstuk 5..........................................................................................................................................17
1. Betaaltechnieken..........................................................................................................................17
1.1Chartaal...................................................................................................................................17
1.2Giraal.......................................................................................................................................17
1.3 Clearing and settlement..........................................................................................................18
1.4 De zichtrekening.....................................................................................................................18
1.4.1 kenmerken.......................................................................................................................18
1.4.2 Valutering.........................................................................................................................18
1.4.3 voordelen.........................................................................................................................19
1.4.3 Nadelen............................................................................................................................19
1.5 Domiciliëring...........................................................................................................................19
1.6 De debetkaart.........................................................................................................................19
1.6.1 Contactloos betalen.........................................................................................................20
1.7 prepaidkaart...........................................................................................................................20
1.8 Skimming van kaarten.............................................................................................................20
1.9 Mobiel betalen........................................................................................................................20
2. De overschrijving..........................................................................................................................20
3. De bijzondere overschrijving.........................................................................................................20
3.1 De doorlopende opdracht.......................................................................................................20
3.2 Automatische overschrijving van gedomicilieerde facturen...................................................21
Hoofdstuk 6..........................................................................................................................................22
1. Spaarrekening...............................................................................................................................22
4.1 Voordelen...............................................................................................................................22
4.2 Nadelen..................................................................................................................................22
5. Termijnrekening............................................................................................................................23
6. Kasbon..........................................................................................................................................24
6.1 kapitalisatiebon.......................................................................................................................25
7. schatkistcertificaten......................................................................................................................25
8. De verzekeringsbon/spaarverzekering..........................................................................................26
2
, 9. De staatsbon.................................................................................................................................27
Hoofdstuk 7..........................................................................................................................................28
1.Consumentenkredieten.................................................................................................................28
2.1 De kredietkaart.......................................................................................................................28
1.1.1: 3 types............................................................................................................................28
1.1.2 Gratis krediet?..................................................................................................................28
2.2 Kredietlijn op de zichtrekening...............................................................................................29
2.3 kredietopening........................................................................................................................29
2.4 Verkoop op afbetaling.............................................................................................................29
2.5 Lening op afbetaling................................................................................................................29
3. Achterstallige betalingen..............................................................................................................30
4. Bescherming van de consument: wet...........................................................................................30
5. Afbetaling van het consumentenkrediet.......................................................................................30
6. Hypothecaire lening/hypothecair krediet.....................................................................................30
7. Kosten en voorwaarden................................................................................................................31
8. Vervroegde aflossing van hypothecaire leningen..........................................................................31
9. Herfinanciering van hypothecaire leningen..................................................................................31
10. De woonbonus: afgeschaft sinds 1/1/2020.................................................................................31
Hoofdstuk 9..........................................................................................................................................32
1. Obligaties......................................................................................................................................32
1.1 definitie obligatie....................................................................................................................32
1.2 wat beïnvloedt het rendement...............................................................................................32
1.3 risico’s van obligaties..............................................................................................................33
1.4 kwaliteit van de emittent........................................................................................................34
1.5 fasen ratingprocedure.............................................................................................................34
Hoofdstuk 10........................................................................................................................................35
1. Aandelen.......................................................................................................................................35
1.1 Indeling...................................................................................................................................35
1.2 rechten van de aandeelhouder...............................................................................................35
1.3 Welke factoren beïnvloeden de koers.....................................................................................35
1.4 Waardemeters........................................................................................................................36
1.5 creatie nieuwe aandelen.........................................................................................................36
2. Winstuitkering..............................................................................................................................36
II.1 Stockdividend..........................................................................................................................36
II.2 keuzedividend.........................................................................................................................36
3. Stock-split.....................................................................................................................................36
3
, 4. Fiscaliteit en kosten......................................................................................................................36
Hoofdstuk 11........................................................................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 12........................................................................................................................................38
2. Werking van de beurs...................................................................................................................38
1.1 IPO..........................................................................................................................................38
1.2 organisatie van de beurs.........................................................................................................38
1.3 controle op de beurs...............................................................................................................38
1.4 Deelmarkten van de beurs in Brussel......................................................................................38
2. De noteringsmodules....................................................................................................................39
2.1 prijsvorming: 2 modellen........................................................................................................39
3. De koersvorming...........................................................................................................................40
4. Beursorders..................................................................................................................................40
5. Buitenlandse beurzen...................................................................................................................41
Hoofdstuk 13........................................................................................................................................42
1. een beursindex.............................................................................................................................42
1.1 nut..........................................................................................................................................42
1.2 samenstelling..........................................................................................................................42
1.3 Belgische indexen...................................................................................................................42
1.4 buitenlandse indexen..............................................................................................................42
4
Contents
Hoofdstuk 2............................................................................................................................................5
1. De rol van banken in de economie..................................................................................................5
1.1 basisactiveiten..........................................................................................................................5
1.2 marktverruimende activiteiten.................................................................................................6
2. Europese bankregelmentering........................................................................................................6
3. Interbankemarkt.............................................................................................................................6
Hoofdstuk 3............................................................................................................................................7
1. Overzicht spelers op financiële markten in België..........................................................................7
1.1 Banken......................................................................................................................................7
1.1.1 Banken: effectenbanken....................................................................................................7
1.1.2 Banken: zakenbanken/private equity.................................................................................7
1.1.3 Private banking vs personal banking..................................................................................8
1.2 Institutionele beleggers............................................................................................................8
1.2.1 Institutionele beleggers: holdings of portefeuillemaatschappijen.....................................8
1.2.2 Institutionele beleggers: beoordelen van een holding.......................................................9
1.2.3 Institutionele beleggers: voordelen van beleggen in een holding......................................9
1.7 Beleggingsondernemingen: beursvennootschappen (en vennootschappen voor
vermogensbeheer en beleggingsadvies).........................................................................................9
1.8 Betalingsinstellingen...............................................................................................................10
1.9 Fintech....................................................................................................................................10
1.10 Schaduwbankieren...............................................................................................................11
2. Pensioenfondsen..........................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 4..........................................................................................................................................12
1. Kredietrcrisis.................................................................................................................................12
2. Eurocrisis......................................................................................................................................12
3. Instellingen die richtlijnen uitvaardigen en controle uitoefenen..................................................12
3.1 FOD.........................................................................................................................................12
3.2 Twin-peaks model...................................................................................................................12
3.2.1 Taken van de NBB.............................................................................................................13
3.2.2 Doelstellingen van het monetair beleid...........................................................................13
3.2.3 Instrumenten NBB en ECB................................................................................................13
3.3 De FSMA.................................................................................................................................14
1
, 3.4 Beschermingsmaatregelen.....................................................................................................14
3.4.1 MiFID...............................................................................................................................14
3.4.2 Het Belgisch garantiefonds...............................................................................................15
4. Verscherpt toezicht op de financiële instellingen.........................................................................15
4.1 Concreet toezicht op de banken.............................................................................................15
4.2 Bazel.......................................................................................................................................15
5. Naar een Europees toezichtniveau...............................................................................................15
Hoofdstuk 5..........................................................................................................................................17
1. Betaaltechnieken..........................................................................................................................17
1.1Chartaal...................................................................................................................................17
1.2Giraal.......................................................................................................................................17
1.3 Clearing and settlement..........................................................................................................18
1.4 De zichtrekening.....................................................................................................................18
1.4.1 kenmerken.......................................................................................................................18
1.4.2 Valutering.........................................................................................................................18
1.4.3 voordelen.........................................................................................................................19
1.4.3 Nadelen............................................................................................................................19
1.5 Domiciliëring...........................................................................................................................19
1.6 De debetkaart.........................................................................................................................19
1.6.1 Contactloos betalen.........................................................................................................20
1.7 prepaidkaart...........................................................................................................................20
1.8 Skimming van kaarten.............................................................................................................20
1.9 Mobiel betalen........................................................................................................................20
2. De overschrijving..........................................................................................................................20
3. De bijzondere overschrijving.........................................................................................................20
3.1 De doorlopende opdracht.......................................................................................................20
3.2 Automatische overschrijving van gedomicilieerde facturen...................................................21
Hoofdstuk 6..........................................................................................................................................22
1. Spaarrekening...............................................................................................................................22
4.1 Voordelen...............................................................................................................................22
4.2 Nadelen..................................................................................................................................22
5. Termijnrekening............................................................................................................................23
6. Kasbon..........................................................................................................................................24
6.1 kapitalisatiebon.......................................................................................................................25
7. schatkistcertificaten......................................................................................................................25
8. De verzekeringsbon/spaarverzekering..........................................................................................26
2
, 9. De staatsbon.................................................................................................................................27
Hoofdstuk 7..........................................................................................................................................28
1.Consumentenkredieten.................................................................................................................28
2.1 De kredietkaart.......................................................................................................................28
1.1.1: 3 types............................................................................................................................28
1.1.2 Gratis krediet?..................................................................................................................28
2.2 Kredietlijn op de zichtrekening...............................................................................................29
2.3 kredietopening........................................................................................................................29
2.4 Verkoop op afbetaling.............................................................................................................29
2.5 Lening op afbetaling................................................................................................................29
3. Achterstallige betalingen..............................................................................................................30
4. Bescherming van de consument: wet...........................................................................................30
5. Afbetaling van het consumentenkrediet.......................................................................................30
6. Hypothecaire lening/hypothecair krediet.....................................................................................30
7. Kosten en voorwaarden................................................................................................................31
8. Vervroegde aflossing van hypothecaire leningen..........................................................................31
9. Herfinanciering van hypothecaire leningen..................................................................................31
10. De woonbonus: afgeschaft sinds 1/1/2020.................................................................................31
Hoofdstuk 9..........................................................................................................................................32
1. Obligaties......................................................................................................................................32
1.1 definitie obligatie....................................................................................................................32
1.2 wat beïnvloedt het rendement...............................................................................................32
1.3 risico’s van obligaties..............................................................................................................33
1.4 kwaliteit van de emittent........................................................................................................34
1.5 fasen ratingprocedure.............................................................................................................34
Hoofdstuk 10........................................................................................................................................35
1. Aandelen.......................................................................................................................................35
1.1 Indeling...................................................................................................................................35
1.2 rechten van de aandeelhouder...............................................................................................35
1.3 Welke factoren beïnvloeden de koers.....................................................................................35
1.4 Waardemeters........................................................................................................................36
1.5 creatie nieuwe aandelen.........................................................................................................36
2. Winstuitkering..............................................................................................................................36
II.1 Stockdividend..........................................................................................................................36
II.2 keuzedividend.........................................................................................................................36
3. Stock-split.....................................................................................................................................36
3
, 4. Fiscaliteit en kosten......................................................................................................................36
Hoofdstuk 11........................................................................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 12........................................................................................................................................38
2. Werking van de beurs...................................................................................................................38
1.1 IPO..........................................................................................................................................38
1.2 organisatie van de beurs.........................................................................................................38
1.3 controle op de beurs...............................................................................................................38
1.4 Deelmarkten van de beurs in Brussel......................................................................................38
2. De noteringsmodules....................................................................................................................39
2.1 prijsvorming: 2 modellen........................................................................................................39
3. De koersvorming...........................................................................................................................40
4. Beursorders..................................................................................................................................40
5. Buitenlandse beurzen...................................................................................................................41
Hoofdstuk 13........................................................................................................................................42
1. een beursindex.............................................................................................................................42
1.1 nut..........................................................................................................................................42
1.2 samenstelling..........................................................................................................................42
1.3 Belgische indexen...................................................................................................................42
1.4 buitenlandse indexen..............................................................................................................42
4
