Diabetes Mellitus MSN Exam
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1) Nurse Perry is caring for a female client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who exhibits confusion,
light-headedness, and aberrant behavior. The client is still conscious. The nurse should first
administer:
A. I.M. or subcutaneous glucagon.
B. I.V. bolus of dextrose 50%.
C. 15 to 20 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate such as orange juice.
D. 10 U of fast-acting insulin. - ANS ✔✔C. 15 to 20 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate such as
orange juice.
This client is having a hypoglycemic episode. Because the client is conscious, the nurse should
first administer a fast-acting carbohydrate, such as orange juice, hard candy, or honey. If the
client has lost consciousness, the nurse should administer either I.M. or subcutaneous glucagon
or an I.V. bolus of dextrose 50%. The nurse shouldn't administer insulin to a client who's
hypoglycemic; this action will further compromise the client's condition.
2) A client with diabetes mellitus has a prescription for Glucotrol XL (glipizide). The client should
be instructed to take the medication:
A. At bedtime
B. With breakfast
C. Before lunch
D. After dinner - ANS ✔✔B. With breakfast. Glucotrol XL is given once a day with breakfast.
Answer A is incorrect because the client would develop hypoglycemia while sleeping. Answers C
and D are incorrect because the client would develop hypoglycemia later in the day or evening.
3) The glycosylated hemoglobin of a 40-year-old client with diabetes mellitus is 2.5%. The nurse
understands that:
,A. The client can have a higher-calorie diet.
B. The client has good control of her diabetes.
C. The client requires adjustment in her insulin dose.
D. The client has poor control of her diabetes. - ANS ✔✔B. The client has good control of her
diabetes.
The client's diabetes is well under control. Answer A is incorrect because it will lead to elevated
glycosylated hemoglobin. Answer C is incorrect because the diet and insulin dose are
appropriate for the client. Answer D is incorrect because the desired range for glycosylated
hemoglobin in the adult client is 2.5%-5.9%
4) A patient with severe hypoglycemia arrives at the ED unconscious by ambulance. The nurse
would first...
A. Give regular insulin by IV
B. Give NPH by IV
C. Give 10-15 g CHO or Orange juice
D. Give 1 mg glucagon - ANS ✔✔D. Give 1 mg glucagon
5) A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse about taking an oral antidiabetic
agent. Nurse Jack explains that these medications are only effective if the client:
A. prefers to take insulin orally.
B. has type 2 diabetes.
C. has type 1 diabetes.
D. Is pregnant and has type 2 diabetes. - ANS ✔✔B. has type 2 diabetes.
Oral antidiabetic agents are only effective in adult clients with type 2 diabetes. Oral antidiabetic
agents aren't effective in type 1 diabetes. Pregnant and lactating women aren't prescribed oral
antidiabetic agents because the effect on the fetus is uncertain.
6) Which of the following conditions is not linked to diabetic ketoacidosis?
A. Cerebral edema
,B. Arrhythmias
C. Peptic ulcers
D. Mucormycosis - ANS ✔✔C. Peptic ulcers
7) Which of the following clinical characteristics is associated with Type 1 diabetes (previously
referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM])?
A. Presence of islet cell antibodies
B. Obesity
C. Rare ketosis
D. Requirement for oral hypoglycemic agents - ANS ✔✔A. Presence of islet cell antibodies .
Individuals with Type 1 diabetes often have islet cell antibodies. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes
are usually thin or demonstrate recent weight loss at the time of diagnosis. Individuals with
Type 1 diabetes are ketosis-prone when insulin is absent. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes need
insulin to preserve life.
8) What are the micro vascular complications of uncontrolled diabetes?
A. Delayed gastric emptying
B. Diarrhea
C. Glomuerular injury
D. Bleeding of retinal caplillaries
E. Numbness of feet
F. Impotence - ANS ✔✔A. Delayed gastric emptying, C. Glomuerular injury
D. Bleeding of retinal caplillaries ,
F. Impotence
9) What is the number one complication of diabetes?
A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
, B. Obesity
C. Hypertension
D. Cardiovascular disease - ANS ✔✔D. Cardiovascular disease
10) Nurse Noemi administers glucagon to her diabetic client, then monitors the client for
adverse drug reactions and interactions. Which type of drug interacts adversely with glucagon?
A. Oral anticoagulants
B. Anabolic steroids
C. Beta-adrenergic blockers
D. Thiazide diuretics - ANS ✔✔A. Oral anticoagulants .
As a normal body protein, glucagon only interacts adversely with oral anticoagulants, increasing
the anticoagulant effects. It doesn't interact adversely with anabolic steroids, beta-adrenergic
blockers, or thiazide diuretics.
11) The newly diagnosed diabetic patient asks the nurse why he needs to check his feet every
day. The nurse's best response is....
A. To prevent leg amputation.
B. To check for any cuts, sores, or dry cracked skin so they can be treated early to prevent
infection or gangrene.
C. To see if they hurt.
D. You just need to do it. - ANS ✔✔B. To check for any cuts, sores, or dry cracked skin so they
can be treated early to prevent infection or gangrene.
12) What type of cells secrete glucagon?
A. Beta cells
B. Alpha cells
C. Plasma cells
D. Acinar cells - ANS ✔✔B. Alpha cells
questions n answers rated A+
1) Nurse Perry is caring for a female client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who exhibits confusion,
light-headedness, and aberrant behavior. The client is still conscious. The nurse should first
administer:
A. I.M. or subcutaneous glucagon.
B. I.V. bolus of dextrose 50%.
C. 15 to 20 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate such as orange juice.
D. 10 U of fast-acting insulin. - ANS ✔✔C. 15 to 20 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate such as
orange juice.
This client is having a hypoglycemic episode. Because the client is conscious, the nurse should
first administer a fast-acting carbohydrate, such as orange juice, hard candy, or honey. If the
client has lost consciousness, the nurse should administer either I.M. or subcutaneous glucagon
or an I.V. bolus of dextrose 50%. The nurse shouldn't administer insulin to a client who's
hypoglycemic; this action will further compromise the client's condition.
2) A client with diabetes mellitus has a prescription for Glucotrol XL (glipizide). The client should
be instructed to take the medication:
A. At bedtime
B. With breakfast
C. Before lunch
D. After dinner - ANS ✔✔B. With breakfast. Glucotrol XL is given once a day with breakfast.
Answer A is incorrect because the client would develop hypoglycemia while sleeping. Answers C
and D are incorrect because the client would develop hypoglycemia later in the day or evening.
3) The glycosylated hemoglobin of a 40-year-old client with diabetes mellitus is 2.5%. The nurse
understands that:
,A. The client can have a higher-calorie diet.
B. The client has good control of her diabetes.
C. The client requires adjustment in her insulin dose.
D. The client has poor control of her diabetes. - ANS ✔✔B. The client has good control of her
diabetes.
The client's diabetes is well under control. Answer A is incorrect because it will lead to elevated
glycosylated hemoglobin. Answer C is incorrect because the diet and insulin dose are
appropriate for the client. Answer D is incorrect because the desired range for glycosylated
hemoglobin in the adult client is 2.5%-5.9%
4) A patient with severe hypoglycemia arrives at the ED unconscious by ambulance. The nurse
would first...
A. Give regular insulin by IV
B. Give NPH by IV
C. Give 10-15 g CHO or Orange juice
D. Give 1 mg glucagon - ANS ✔✔D. Give 1 mg glucagon
5) A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse about taking an oral antidiabetic
agent. Nurse Jack explains that these medications are only effective if the client:
A. prefers to take insulin orally.
B. has type 2 diabetes.
C. has type 1 diabetes.
D. Is pregnant and has type 2 diabetes. - ANS ✔✔B. has type 2 diabetes.
Oral antidiabetic agents are only effective in adult clients with type 2 diabetes. Oral antidiabetic
agents aren't effective in type 1 diabetes. Pregnant and lactating women aren't prescribed oral
antidiabetic agents because the effect on the fetus is uncertain.
6) Which of the following conditions is not linked to diabetic ketoacidosis?
A. Cerebral edema
,B. Arrhythmias
C. Peptic ulcers
D. Mucormycosis - ANS ✔✔C. Peptic ulcers
7) Which of the following clinical characteristics is associated with Type 1 diabetes (previously
referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM])?
A. Presence of islet cell antibodies
B. Obesity
C. Rare ketosis
D. Requirement for oral hypoglycemic agents - ANS ✔✔A. Presence of islet cell antibodies .
Individuals with Type 1 diabetes often have islet cell antibodies. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes
are usually thin or demonstrate recent weight loss at the time of diagnosis. Individuals with
Type 1 diabetes are ketosis-prone when insulin is absent. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes need
insulin to preserve life.
8) What are the micro vascular complications of uncontrolled diabetes?
A. Delayed gastric emptying
B. Diarrhea
C. Glomuerular injury
D. Bleeding of retinal caplillaries
E. Numbness of feet
F. Impotence - ANS ✔✔A. Delayed gastric emptying, C. Glomuerular injury
D. Bleeding of retinal caplillaries ,
F. Impotence
9) What is the number one complication of diabetes?
A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
, B. Obesity
C. Hypertension
D. Cardiovascular disease - ANS ✔✔D. Cardiovascular disease
10) Nurse Noemi administers glucagon to her diabetic client, then monitors the client for
adverse drug reactions and interactions. Which type of drug interacts adversely with glucagon?
A. Oral anticoagulants
B. Anabolic steroids
C. Beta-adrenergic blockers
D. Thiazide diuretics - ANS ✔✔A. Oral anticoagulants .
As a normal body protein, glucagon only interacts adversely with oral anticoagulants, increasing
the anticoagulant effects. It doesn't interact adversely with anabolic steroids, beta-adrenergic
blockers, or thiazide diuretics.
11) The newly diagnosed diabetic patient asks the nurse why he needs to check his feet every
day. The nurse's best response is....
A. To prevent leg amputation.
B. To check for any cuts, sores, or dry cracked skin so they can be treated early to prevent
infection or gangrene.
C. To see if they hurt.
D. You just need to do it. - ANS ✔✔B. To check for any cuts, sores, or dry cracked skin so they
can be treated early to prevent infection or gangrene.
12) What type of cells secrete glucagon?
A. Beta cells
B. Alpha cells
C. Plasma cells
D. Acinar cells - ANS ✔✔B. Alpha cells
