Pathology Exam 2 – 2025-2026 Comprehensive Study Guide with
Detailed Notes, Concepts, and Practice Questions with Correct
Detailed Answers for Nursing and Medical Students||Latest
Version!!!
A 32-year-old man reports that he was eating peanut butter cookies
and began to feel "itchy". He then developed a rash over most of his
body. The lesions disappeared within 3-4 hours. The patient is
diagnosed with urticaria. The chemical mediator responsible for these
lesions is derived from which of the following cells?a. Mast cells
b. Macrophages
c. Neutrophils
d. Killer Cells
e. Eosinophils - Answer-A
Which of the following is an example of a primary immune
deficiency disease?
a. Hepatitis
b. HIV
c. Malnutrition
d. Bruton disease - Answer-D
Which of the following may result/cause T-cell loss?
1.A growing thymus in children up until puberty
2. HIV
3. Type 1 Hypersensitivity
4. vaccinations
5. All of these. - Answer-5) All of these
In the below histology, beta amyloid plaques are observable as the
brown stained structures in the nervous tissue of the brain. Post-
autopsy, what would you expect this patient suffered from?
pg. 1
,Alzheimer's Disease
b. Parkinson's Disease
c. Meningitis
d. Multiple Sclerosis - Answer-A
In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients suffer from
__________________________
a. a compromised ability to fight off infections
b. demyelination of axons
c.deterioration of neurons in an area of the brain known as the
substantia nigra
d.formation of beta amyloid plaques in the nervous tissue of the brain
- Answer-B
Which of the following causes of meningitis is most commonly
associated with college-aged individuals? - Answer-Neisseria
meningitides
Diffuse axonal injury...
a. usually involves rotational or acceleration forces
b. involve concussions
c. involve contusions
d. involve hematomas - Answer-A
Which of the following treatment / therapies are used to prevent or
treat strokes? (check all that apply)
a. aspirin
b. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) shunt placement
c. endovascular stent therapy
d. antiplatelet drugs (e.g. Plavix or Persantine)
- Answer-A,C,D
pg. 2
,Which of the following can lead to a cerebral vascular event (e.g.
stroke)? (check all that apply)
a. embolic occlusion
b. vessel rupture (aneurysm)
c. impaired cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) production
d. thrombotic occlusion - Answer-A,B,D
Damage to the medulla oblongata may result in:
a. challenges understanding speech
b. difficulty with motor function
c. respiratory arrest
d. difficulty with sensory perception - Answer-C
Which of the following can lead to hydrocephalus? (check all that
apply)
a. too much cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) production
b. vasogenic edema
c. cytotoxic edema
d. impaired cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) drainage or resorption -
Answer-A,D
HIV is considered...(check all that apply).
a.an acquired immune deficiency disease
b.a disease that has been eradicated (removed and no longer present)
in the USA
c.a secondary immune deficiency disease
d. a virus with a high mutation rate - Answer-A C D
Which of the following types of hypersensitivity would be associated
with a tissue transplant rejection from one patient (donor) to another
(recepient)?
pg. 3
, a. Type IV
b. Type I
c. Type III
d. Type II - Answer-A
Which of the following types of hypersensitivity would be associated
with a food allergy to peanuts?
a. Type IV
b. Type I
c. Type III
d. Type II - Answer-B
Primary immune deficiency diseases are also called
_______________.
a. secondary
b. acquired
c. learned
d. congenital - Answer-D
Which of the following are morphological alterations or clinical
manifestations found in patients who suffer from systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE)?
a. graves disease
b.Skin erythema ("butterfly" rash)
c. myasthenia gravis
d. type I hypersensitivity - Answer-B
Which of the following is characteristic of only antibody-mediated
immunity?
a. an anamnestic response
pg. 4
Detailed Notes, Concepts, and Practice Questions with Correct
Detailed Answers for Nursing and Medical Students||Latest
Version!!!
A 32-year-old man reports that he was eating peanut butter cookies
and began to feel "itchy". He then developed a rash over most of his
body. The lesions disappeared within 3-4 hours. The patient is
diagnosed with urticaria. The chemical mediator responsible for these
lesions is derived from which of the following cells?a. Mast cells
b. Macrophages
c. Neutrophils
d. Killer Cells
e. Eosinophils - Answer-A
Which of the following is an example of a primary immune
deficiency disease?
a. Hepatitis
b. HIV
c. Malnutrition
d. Bruton disease - Answer-D
Which of the following may result/cause T-cell loss?
1.A growing thymus in children up until puberty
2. HIV
3. Type 1 Hypersensitivity
4. vaccinations
5. All of these. - Answer-5) All of these
In the below histology, beta amyloid plaques are observable as the
brown stained structures in the nervous tissue of the brain. Post-
autopsy, what would you expect this patient suffered from?
pg. 1
,Alzheimer's Disease
b. Parkinson's Disease
c. Meningitis
d. Multiple Sclerosis - Answer-A
In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients suffer from
__________________________
a. a compromised ability to fight off infections
b. demyelination of axons
c.deterioration of neurons in an area of the brain known as the
substantia nigra
d.formation of beta amyloid plaques in the nervous tissue of the brain
- Answer-B
Which of the following causes of meningitis is most commonly
associated with college-aged individuals? - Answer-Neisseria
meningitides
Diffuse axonal injury...
a. usually involves rotational or acceleration forces
b. involve concussions
c. involve contusions
d. involve hematomas - Answer-A
Which of the following treatment / therapies are used to prevent or
treat strokes? (check all that apply)
a. aspirin
b. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) shunt placement
c. endovascular stent therapy
d. antiplatelet drugs (e.g. Plavix or Persantine)
- Answer-A,C,D
pg. 2
,Which of the following can lead to a cerebral vascular event (e.g.
stroke)? (check all that apply)
a. embolic occlusion
b. vessel rupture (aneurysm)
c. impaired cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) production
d. thrombotic occlusion - Answer-A,B,D
Damage to the medulla oblongata may result in:
a. challenges understanding speech
b. difficulty with motor function
c. respiratory arrest
d. difficulty with sensory perception - Answer-C
Which of the following can lead to hydrocephalus? (check all that
apply)
a. too much cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) production
b. vasogenic edema
c. cytotoxic edema
d. impaired cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) drainage or resorption -
Answer-A,D
HIV is considered...(check all that apply).
a.an acquired immune deficiency disease
b.a disease that has been eradicated (removed and no longer present)
in the USA
c.a secondary immune deficiency disease
d. a virus with a high mutation rate - Answer-A C D
Which of the following types of hypersensitivity would be associated
with a tissue transplant rejection from one patient (donor) to another
(recepient)?
pg. 3
, a. Type IV
b. Type I
c. Type III
d. Type II - Answer-A
Which of the following types of hypersensitivity would be associated
with a food allergy to peanuts?
a. Type IV
b. Type I
c. Type III
d. Type II - Answer-B
Primary immune deficiency diseases are also called
_______________.
a. secondary
b. acquired
c. learned
d. congenital - Answer-D
Which of the following are morphological alterations or clinical
manifestations found in patients who suffer from systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE)?
a. graves disease
b.Skin erythema ("butterfly" rash)
c. myasthenia gravis
d. type I hypersensitivity - Answer-B
Which of the following is characteristic of only antibody-mediated
immunity?
a. an anamnestic response
pg. 4
