Pathology Exam 1 – 2025-2026 Comprehensive Study Guide with
Detailed Notes, Concepts, and Practice Questions with Correct
Detailed Answers for Nursing and Medical Students||Latest
Version!!!
When the nurse considers the timing of a drug dose, which factor is
appropriate to consider when deciding when to give a drug?
a. the pt's ability to swallow
b. the pt's height
c. the pt's last meal
d. the pt's allergies -Answer- C
The nurse is performing an assessment of a newly admitted pt. Which
is an example of subjective data?
a. BP 158/96 mm Hg
b. weight 255 lbs
c. pt reports that he uses the herbal product ginkgo
d. the pt's lab work includes a complete blood count & urinalysis -
Answer- C
The pt is receiving 2 different drugs. At current dosages & dosage
forms, both drugs are absorbed into the circulation in identical
amounts. Which term is used to identify this principle?
a. bioequivalent
b. synergistic
c. prodrugs
d. steady state -Answer- A
The nurse is administering parenteral drugs. Which statement is true
regarding parenteral drugs?
a. parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect
pg. 1
,b. absorption of parenteral drugs is affected by reduced blood flow to
the stomach
c. absorption of parenteral drugs is faster when the stomach is empty
d. parenteral drugs exert their effects while circulating in the
bloodstream – Answer-A
When monitoring the pt receiving an intraveous infusion to reduce
BP, the nurse notes that the pt's BP is extremely low, & the pt is
lethargic & difficult to awaken. This would be classified as which
type of adverse drug reaction?
a. adverse effect
b. allergic reaction
c. idiosyncratic reaction
d. pharmacologic reaction – Answer-D
When reviewing the mechanism of action of a specific drug, the nurse
reads that the drug works by selective enzyme interaction. Which of
these processes describes selective enzyme interaction?
a. the drug alters cell membrane permeability
b. the drug's effectiveness within the cell walls of the target tissue is
enhanced
c. the drug is attracted to a receptor on the cell wall, preventing an
enzyme from binding to that receptor
d. the drug binds to an enzyme molecule & inhibits or enhances the
enzyme's action w/ the normal target cell -Answer- D
When administering a new medication to a pt, the nurse reads that is
highly protein bound. Assuming that the pt's albumin levels are
normal, the nurse would expect which result, as compared to a
medication that is not highly protein bound?
a. renal excretion will be faster
b. the drug will be metabolized quickly
pg. 2
,c. the duration of action of the medication will be shorter
d. the duration of action of the medication will be longer -Answer- D
The pt is experiencing chest pain & needs to take a sublingual form of
nitroglycerin. Where does the nurse instruct the pt to place the tablet?
a. under the tongue
b. on top of the tongue
c. at the back of the throat
d. in the space btwn the cheek & gum – Answer-A
The nurse is administering medications to the pt who is in renal
failure resulting from endstage renal disease. The nurse is aware that
pts w/ kidney failure would most likely have problems w/ which
pharmacokinetic phase?
a. absorption
b. distribution
c. metabolism
d. excretion – Answer-D
Which drugs would be affected by the first-pass effect? (Select all that
apply)
a. morphine given by IV push injection
b. sublingual nitroglycerin tablets
c. diphenhydramine elixir
d. levothyroxine tablets
e. transdermal nictotine patches
f. esomephrazole capsules
g. penicillin given by IV piggyback infusion – Answer-C, D, F
Drug transfer to the fetus is more likely during the last trimester of
pregnancy for which reason?
pg. 3
, a. decreased fetal surface area
b. increased placental surface area
c. enhanced blood flow to the fetus
d. increased amount of protein-bound drug in maternal circulation -
Answer- C
The nurse is reviewing the therapeutic effects of nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), which include which effect?
a. Anxiolytic
b. Sedative
c. Antipyretic
d. Antimicrobial – Answer-C
A patient is taking the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
indomethacin (Indocin) as treatment
for pericarditis. The nurse will teach the patient to watch for which
adverse effect?
a. Tachycardia
b. Nervousness
c. Nausea and vomiting
d. Dizziness -Answer- c
The nurse is teaching a patient who is taking colchicine for the
treatment of gout. Which instruction will the nurse include during the
teaching session?
a. "Fluids should be restricted while on colchicine therapy."
b. "Take colchicine with meals."
c. "The drug will be discontinued when symptoms are reduced."
pg. 4
Detailed Notes, Concepts, and Practice Questions with Correct
Detailed Answers for Nursing and Medical Students||Latest
Version!!!
When the nurse considers the timing of a drug dose, which factor is
appropriate to consider when deciding when to give a drug?
a. the pt's ability to swallow
b. the pt's height
c. the pt's last meal
d. the pt's allergies -Answer- C
The nurse is performing an assessment of a newly admitted pt. Which
is an example of subjective data?
a. BP 158/96 mm Hg
b. weight 255 lbs
c. pt reports that he uses the herbal product ginkgo
d. the pt's lab work includes a complete blood count & urinalysis -
Answer- C
The pt is receiving 2 different drugs. At current dosages & dosage
forms, both drugs are absorbed into the circulation in identical
amounts. Which term is used to identify this principle?
a. bioequivalent
b. synergistic
c. prodrugs
d. steady state -Answer- A
The nurse is administering parenteral drugs. Which statement is true
regarding parenteral drugs?
a. parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect
pg. 1
,b. absorption of parenteral drugs is affected by reduced blood flow to
the stomach
c. absorption of parenteral drugs is faster when the stomach is empty
d. parenteral drugs exert their effects while circulating in the
bloodstream – Answer-A
When monitoring the pt receiving an intraveous infusion to reduce
BP, the nurse notes that the pt's BP is extremely low, & the pt is
lethargic & difficult to awaken. This would be classified as which
type of adverse drug reaction?
a. adverse effect
b. allergic reaction
c. idiosyncratic reaction
d. pharmacologic reaction – Answer-D
When reviewing the mechanism of action of a specific drug, the nurse
reads that the drug works by selective enzyme interaction. Which of
these processes describes selective enzyme interaction?
a. the drug alters cell membrane permeability
b. the drug's effectiveness within the cell walls of the target tissue is
enhanced
c. the drug is attracted to a receptor on the cell wall, preventing an
enzyme from binding to that receptor
d. the drug binds to an enzyme molecule & inhibits or enhances the
enzyme's action w/ the normal target cell -Answer- D
When administering a new medication to a pt, the nurse reads that is
highly protein bound. Assuming that the pt's albumin levels are
normal, the nurse would expect which result, as compared to a
medication that is not highly protein bound?
a. renal excretion will be faster
b. the drug will be metabolized quickly
pg. 2
,c. the duration of action of the medication will be shorter
d. the duration of action of the medication will be longer -Answer- D
The pt is experiencing chest pain & needs to take a sublingual form of
nitroglycerin. Where does the nurse instruct the pt to place the tablet?
a. under the tongue
b. on top of the tongue
c. at the back of the throat
d. in the space btwn the cheek & gum – Answer-A
The nurse is administering medications to the pt who is in renal
failure resulting from endstage renal disease. The nurse is aware that
pts w/ kidney failure would most likely have problems w/ which
pharmacokinetic phase?
a. absorption
b. distribution
c. metabolism
d. excretion – Answer-D
Which drugs would be affected by the first-pass effect? (Select all that
apply)
a. morphine given by IV push injection
b. sublingual nitroglycerin tablets
c. diphenhydramine elixir
d. levothyroxine tablets
e. transdermal nictotine patches
f. esomephrazole capsules
g. penicillin given by IV piggyback infusion – Answer-C, D, F
Drug transfer to the fetus is more likely during the last trimester of
pregnancy for which reason?
pg. 3
, a. decreased fetal surface area
b. increased placental surface area
c. enhanced blood flow to the fetus
d. increased amount of protein-bound drug in maternal circulation -
Answer- C
The nurse is reviewing the therapeutic effects of nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), which include which effect?
a. Anxiolytic
b. Sedative
c. Antipyretic
d. Antimicrobial – Answer-C
A patient is taking the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
indomethacin (Indocin) as treatment
for pericarditis. The nurse will teach the patient to watch for which
adverse effect?
a. Tachycardia
b. Nervousness
c. Nausea and vomiting
d. Dizziness -Answer- c
The nurse is teaching a patient who is taking colchicine for the
treatment of gout. Which instruction will the nurse include during the
teaching session?
a. "Fluids should be restricted while on colchicine therapy."
b. "Take colchicine with meals."
c. "The drug will be discontinued when symptoms are reduced."
pg. 4
