StraighterLine Philosophy Final Practice
Exam Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales
2025|2026 Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
Q1. Which branch of philosophy deals with the nature of reality?
a) Ethics
b) Metaphysics
c) Epistemology
d) Aesthetics
Rationale: Metaphysics explores the fundamental nature of reality,
existence, and what it means for something to be.
Q2. The study of knowledge and justified belief is known as:
a) Logic
b) Metaphysics
c) Epistemology
d) Ontology
,Rationale: Epistemology examines how we know what we know, addressing
questions about truth and justification.
Q3. Which philosopher is famous for the statement “I think, therefore I
am”?
a) Aristotle
b) Kant
c) Descartes
d) Hume
Rationale: René Descartes used this statement (“Cogito, ergo sum”) to
establish certainty of self-existence as the first principle in philosophy.
Q4. Utilitarianism holds that:
a) Duty is more important than consequences
b) Virtue is the highest good
c) Actions are right if they maximize happiness
d) Morality is relative to culture
Rationale: Utilitarianism, developed by Bentham and Mill, evaluates actions
based on their ability to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest
number.
Q5. Who is considered the “Father of Western Philosophy”?
a) Plato
b) Aristotle
c) Socrates
d) Pythagoras
,Rationale: Socrates laid the foundation of Western philosophy through his
method of questioning and dialogue.
Q6. Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy is best described as:
a) Hedonistic
b) Consequentialist
c) Deontological
d) Relativistic
Rationale: Kant emphasized duty and adherence to moral law rather than
outcomes, which defines deontological ethics.
Q7. The “Allegory of the Cave” is a thought experiment by:
a) Aristotle
b) Descartes
c) Plato
d) Epicurus
Rationale: Plato used the cave allegory to illustrate the difference between
appearances and the realm of true knowledge.
Q8. Which philosophical theory claims that only physical matter exists?
a) Idealism
b) Materialism
c) Dualism
d) Pragmatism
Rationale: Materialism asserts that everything can be explained in terms of
matter and physical processes.
, Q9. A syllogism is a tool used in which branch of philosophy?
a) Metaphysics
b) Epistemology
c) Logic
d) Aesthetics
Rationale: Logic studies reasoning, and syllogisms are structured arguments
used to evaluate validity.
Q10. According to Aristotle, the highest human good is:
a) Wealth
b) Pleasure
c) Eudaimonia (flourishing)
d) Power
Rationale: Aristotle argued that eudaimonia—living in accordance with
virtue—is the ultimate goal of human life.
Q11. Which philosopher argued that life is “nasty, brutish, and short”?
a) Locke
b) Rousseau
c) Hobbes
d) Hume
Rationale: Thomas Hobbes described the natural state of humanity as
chaotic and violent, requiring strong social contracts for order.
Exam Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales
2025|2026 Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
Q1. Which branch of philosophy deals with the nature of reality?
a) Ethics
b) Metaphysics
c) Epistemology
d) Aesthetics
Rationale: Metaphysics explores the fundamental nature of reality,
existence, and what it means for something to be.
Q2. The study of knowledge and justified belief is known as:
a) Logic
b) Metaphysics
c) Epistemology
d) Ontology
,Rationale: Epistemology examines how we know what we know, addressing
questions about truth and justification.
Q3. Which philosopher is famous for the statement “I think, therefore I
am”?
a) Aristotle
b) Kant
c) Descartes
d) Hume
Rationale: René Descartes used this statement (“Cogito, ergo sum”) to
establish certainty of self-existence as the first principle in philosophy.
Q4. Utilitarianism holds that:
a) Duty is more important than consequences
b) Virtue is the highest good
c) Actions are right if they maximize happiness
d) Morality is relative to culture
Rationale: Utilitarianism, developed by Bentham and Mill, evaluates actions
based on their ability to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest
number.
Q5. Who is considered the “Father of Western Philosophy”?
a) Plato
b) Aristotle
c) Socrates
d) Pythagoras
,Rationale: Socrates laid the foundation of Western philosophy through his
method of questioning and dialogue.
Q6. Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy is best described as:
a) Hedonistic
b) Consequentialist
c) Deontological
d) Relativistic
Rationale: Kant emphasized duty and adherence to moral law rather than
outcomes, which defines deontological ethics.
Q7. The “Allegory of the Cave” is a thought experiment by:
a) Aristotle
b) Descartes
c) Plato
d) Epicurus
Rationale: Plato used the cave allegory to illustrate the difference between
appearances and the realm of true knowledge.
Q8. Which philosophical theory claims that only physical matter exists?
a) Idealism
b) Materialism
c) Dualism
d) Pragmatism
Rationale: Materialism asserts that everything can be explained in terms of
matter and physical processes.
, Q9. A syllogism is a tool used in which branch of philosophy?
a) Metaphysics
b) Epistemology
c) Logic
d) Aesthetics
Rationale: Logic studies reasoning, and syllogisms are structured arguments
used to evaluate validity.
Q10. According to Aristotle, the highest human good is:
a) Wealth
b) Pleasure
c) Eudaimonia (flourishing)
d) Power
Rationale: Aristotle argued that eudaimonia—living in accordance with
virtue—is the ultimate goal of human life.
Q11. Which philosopher argued that life is “nasty, brutish, and short”?
a) Locke
b) Rousseau
c) Hobbes
d) Hume
Rationale: Thomas Hobbes described the natural state of humanity as
chaotic and violent, requiring strong social contracts for order.
