ESTUDYR
NR602 MIDTERM UPDATED EXAM WITH MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED
SUCCESS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
Chalazion & Eyelid Disorders
1. What is a chalazion?
A. Acute bacterial abscess of eyelid margin
B. Viral vesicle of lid skin
C. Benign, chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation of the eyelid
D. Allergic reaction of conjunctiva
Rationale: A chalazion is a chronic lipogranulomatous reaction from meibomian gland
blockage.
2. What causes a chalazion?
A. Viral infection of eyelashes
B. Blockage of the meibomian gland
C. Trauma to cornea
D. Allergic conjunctivitis
Rationale: Meibomian gland obstruction → retained lipid → granulomatous
inflammation.
3. Which condition increases risk for a chalazion?
A. Glaucoma
B. Prior hordeolum (stye) or anything impeding meibomian flow
C. Retinal detachment
D. Cataract surgery
Rationale: Hordeolum or eyelid inflammation can obstruct gland openings.
4. Which mite species commonly resides in lash follicles and may contribute to eyelid
disease?
A. Sarcoptes scabiei
B. Demodex (e.g., Demodex folliculorum)
C. Pediculus humanus
D. Trombicula autumnalis
Rationale: Demodex mites inhabit lash follicles and are implicated in blepharitis.
5. Typical physical exam findings of a chalazion include all EXCEPT:
A. Painless lid mass
,ESTUDYR
B. Mass that does not involve lashes
C. Painful, fluctuant lesion with severe eyelid erythema and systemic fever
D. Red or grayish palpable mass on inner lid aspect
Rationale: Chalazion is usually painless; an acutely painful fluctuance suggests
hordeolum/infection.
6. Best prevention for chalazion is:
A. Routine oral antibiotics
B. Good eyelid hygiene (warm compresses, lid cleaning)
C. Avoiding sunglasses
D. Topical corticosteroids daily
Rationale: Hygiene and warm compresses keep meibomian glands patent.
7. First-line treatment for an uncomplicated chalazion:
A. Immediate incision & drainage in clinic
B. Warm, moist compresses 3×/day and lid hygiene
C. Oral fluoroquinolones
D. High-dose IV steroids
Rationale: Conservative measures often resolve small chalazia.
8. If a chalazion is secondarily infected, which topical agents may be used?
A. Topical amphotericin
B. Topical acyclovir
C. Sulfacetamide or erythromycin ointment
D. Topical corticosteroid monotherapy
Rationale: If bacterial superinfection occurs, topical anti-staphylococcal agents are
appropriate.
9. Appropriate follow-up timing for a chalazion:
A. 24 hours after initial complaint
B. 6 months routinely
C. Recheck in 2–4 weeks; ophthalmology if persists >6 weeks
D. No follow-up needed ever
Rationale: Most resolve with conservative care; persistent lesions need specialist
evaluation.
Blepharitis
,ESTUDYR
10. What is blepharitis?
A. Infection of lacrimal gland only
B. Uveitis of anterior chamber
C. Chronic inflammation/infection of the eyelid margins
D. Detached retina
Rationale: Blepharitis affects lid margins chronically and is common.
11. The two main types of blepharitis are:
A. Viral and parasitic
B. Seborrheic (non-ulcerative) and ulcerative
C. Posterior and anterior only
D. Acute and chronic viral
Rationale: Seborrheic and ulcerative (often staphylococcal) are common subtypes.
12. Seborrheic blepharitis is commonly caused by:
A. Only systemic viral infection
B. Irritants such as smoke, cosmetics, chemicals (with seborrheic dermatitis
association)
C. Deep fungal infection
D. Measles exposure
Rationale: Irritants and seborrheic dermatitis produce greasy scaling and lid
inflammation.
13. Common signs of seborrheic blepharitis include:
A. Purulent drainage only
B. Total loss of vision
C. Chronic eyelid inflammation, erythema, greasy scales, possible lash loss
D. Painless white papules on cornea
Rationale: Seborrheic type produces greasy scales and eyelid margin redness.
14. Ulcerative blepharitis is usually caused by:
A. Demodex only
B. Viral conjunctivitis
C. Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus or Streptococcus
D. Allergic rhinitis
Rationale: Ulcerative form is often bacterial and causes more destructive lid margin
changes.
15. Symptoms commonly seen with ulcerative blepharitis include:
A. Sudden vision loss only
, ESTUDYR
B. Itching, tearing, recurrent styes/chalazia, photophobia, eyelid margin ulceration
C. Severe retinal hemorrhage
D. Chronic keratitis only
Rationale: Ulcerative blepharitis damages lashes and causes persistent irritation.
16. First-line non-pharmacologic treatment for blepharitis:
A. Oral antifungals
B. Lid hygiene with baby shampoo 2–4×/day, warm compresses, lid massage
C. Daily topical steroids indefinitely
D. Immediate lash epilation
Rationale: Cleaning and warm compresses reduce debris and open meibomian glands.
17. If blepharitis is infected, appropriate topical antibiotics include:
A. Topical amphotericin B
B. Bacitracin, erythromycin 0.05% ointment, or quinolone ointments
C. Oral vancomycin only
D. Topical permethrin
Rationale: Topical anti-staphylococcal agents are effective for eyelid infections.
18. For blepharitis resistant to topical therapy, systemic options may include:
A. Oral cephalexin only
B. Oral tetracycline 250 mg or doxycycline 100 mg
C. Intravenous acyclovir
D. Methotrexate
Rationale: Oral tetracyclines can alter meibomian secretions and reduce inflammation.
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
19. What is conjunctivitis?
A. Inflammation or irritation of the conjunctiva
B. Infection of the corneal stroma only
C. Detached vitreous body
D. Chronic glaucoma
Rationale: Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctival membrane.
20. The most common cause of conjunctivitis in pediatric patients is:
A. Herpes simplex virus exclusively
B. Bacterial infection (often bacterial causes predominate in young children)
C. Allergens only
NR602 MIDTERM UPDATED EXAM WITH MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED
SUCCESS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
Chalazion & Eyelid Disorders
1. What is a chalazion?
A. Acute bacterial abscess of eyelid margin
B. Viral vesicle of lid skin
C. Benign, chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation of the eyelid
D. Allergic reaction of conjunctiva
Rationale: A chalazion is a chronic lipogranulomatous reaction from meibomian gland
blockage.
2. What causes a chalazion?
A. Viral infection of eyelashes
B. Blockage of the meibomian gland
C. Trauma to cornea
D. Allergic conjunctivitis
Rationale: Meibomian gland obstruction → retained lipid → granulomatous
inflammation.
3. Which condition increases risk for a chalazion?
A. Glaucoma
B. Prior hordeolum (stye) or anything impeding meibomian flow
C. Retinal detachment
D. Cataract surgery
Rationale: Hordeolum or eyelid inflammation can obstruct gland openings.
4. Which mite species commonly resides in lash follicles and may contribute to eyelid
disease?
A. Sarcoptes scabiei
B. Demodex (e.g., Demodex folliculorum)
C. Pediculus humanus
D. Trombicula autumnalis
Rationale: Demodex mites inhabit lash follicles and are implicated in blepharitis.
5. Typical physical exam findings of a chalazion include all EXCEPT:
A. Painless lid mass
,ESTUDYR
B. Mass that does not involve lashes
C. Painful, fluctuant lesion with severe eyelid erythema and systemic fever
D. Red or grayish palpable mass on inner lid aspect
Rationale: Chalazion is usually painless; an acutely painful fluctuance suggests
hordeolum/infection.
6. Best prevention for chalazion is:
A. Routine oral antibiotics
B. Good eyelid hygiene (warm compresses, lid cleaning)
C. Avoiding sunglasses
D. Topical corticosteroids daily
Rationale: Hygiene and warm compresses keep meibomian glands patent.
7. First-line treatment for an uncomplicated chalazion:
A. Immediate incision & drainage in clinic
B. Warm, moist compresses 3×/day and lid hygiene
C. Oral fluoroquinolones
D. High-dose IV steroids
Rationale: Conservative measures often resolve small chalazia.
8. If a chalazion is secondarily infected, which topical agents may be used?
A. Topical amphotericin
B. Topical acyclovir
C. Sulfacetamide or erythromycin ointment
D. Topical corticosteroid monotherapy
Rationale: If bacterial superinfection occurs, topical anti-staphylococcal agents are
appropriate.
9. Appropriate follow-up timing for a chalazion:
A. 24 hours after initial complaint
B. 6 months routinely
C. Recheck in 2–4 weeks; ophthalmology if persists >6 weeks
D. No follow-up needed ever
Rationale: Most resolve with conservative care; persistent lesions need specialist
evaluation.
Blepharitis
,ESTUDYR
10. What is blepharitis?
A. Infection of lacrimal gland only
B. Uveitis of anterior chamber
C. Chronic inflammation/infection of the eyelid margins
D. Detached retina
Rationale: Blepharitis affects lid margins chronically and is common.
11. The two main types of blepharitis are:
A. Viral and parasitic
B. Seborrheic (non-ulcerative) and ulcerative
C. Posterior and anterior only
D. Acute and chronic viral
Rationale: Seborrheic and ulcerative (often staphylococcal) are common subtypes.
12. Seborrheic blepharitis is commonly caused by:
A. Only systemic viral infection
B. Irritants such as smoke, cosmetics, chemicals (with seborrheic dermatitis
association)
C. Deep fungal infection
D. Measles exposure
Rationale: Irritants and seborrheic dermatitis produce greasy scaling and lid
inflammation.
13. Common signs of seborrheic blepharitis include:
A. Purulent drainage only
B. Total loss of vision
C. Chronic eyelid inflammation, erythema, greasy scales, possible lash loss
D. Painless white papules on cornea
Rationale: Seborrheic type produces greasy scales and eyelid margin redness.
14. Ulcerative blepharitis is usually caused by:
A. Demodex only
B. Viral conjunctivitis
C. Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus or Streptococcus
D. Allergic rhinitis
Rationale: Ulcerative form is often bacterial and causes more destructive lid margin
changes.
15. Symptoms commonly seen with ulcerative blepharitis include:
A. Sudden vision loss only
, ESTUDYR
B. Itching, tearing, recurrent styes/chalazia, photophobia, eyelid margin ulceration
C. Severe retinal hemorrhage
D. Chronic keratitis only
Rationale: Ulcerative blepharitis damages lashes and causes persistent irritation.
16. First-line non-pharmacologic treatment for blepharitis:
A. Oral antifungals
B. Lid hygiene with baby shampoo 2–4×/day, warm compresses, lid massage
C. Daily topical steroids indefinitely
D. Immediate lash epilation
Rationale: Cleaning and warm compresses reduce debris and open meibomian glands.
17. If blepharitis is infected, appropriate topical antibiotics include:
A. Topical amphotericin B
B. Bacitracin, erythromycin 0.05% ointment, or quinolone ointments
C. Oral vancomycin only
D. Topical permethrin
Rationale: Topical anti-staphylococcal agents are effective for eyelid infections.
18. For blepharitis resistant to topical therapy, systemic options may include:
A. Oral cephalexin only
B. Oral tetracycline 250 mg or doxycycline 100 mg
C. Intravenous acyclovir
D. Methotrexate
Rationale: Oral tetracyclines can alter meibomian secretions and reduce inflammation.
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
19. What is conjunctivitis?
A. Inflammation or irritation of the conjunctiva
B. Infection of the corneal stroma only
C. Detached vitreous body
D. Chronic glaucoma
Rationale: Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctival membrane.
20. The most common cause of conjunctivitis in pediatric patients is:
A. Herpes simplex virus exclusively
B. Bacterial infection (often bacterial causes predominate in young children)
C. Allergens only
