SSM TCAR Review 2025 Update|Most Tested
Questions And Verified Solutions
(Already Graded A+)|Assured Success !!!
What are the definitive options for pelvic fracture stabilization and
hemorrhage control? - ANSWER External Fixation
Interventional Radiology
Open reduction & Internal fixation
How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? - ANSWER
Intramedullary nail fixation
What makes a fracture comminuted? - ANSWER The bone is in
multiple pieces
Physiologic criteria for trauma center care? - ANSWER SBP<90
Resp rate <10 or >29
GCS <14
What is Kinematics? - ANSWER The process of predicting
potential injuries based on analysis of the forces involved
Dose of energy is? - ANSWER The nature and amount of force
Characteristic of wounding agent? - ANSWER Type of energy and
how it was applied
Force - ANSWER The dose of energy involved
Which gender is the majority of trauma? - ANSWER Male
Incidence of trauma peaks at what age? - ANSWER Teens and
young adult
Blunt trauma Classifications include? - ANSWER MVA
Auto vs. pedestrian
Falls
Struck by or against an object
Trauma mortality based on organ system failure? - ANSWER 1
organ system failure=4%
,2 organ system failures=32%
3 organ system failures=67%
4 organ system failures=90%
What are the four collisions? - ANSWER 1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? - ANSWER
Deceleration distance
Energy is dissipated over the distance of the roll and whether or not the
occupants are restrained
Car vs pedestrian injuries depend on? - ANSWER Point of contact
with the care
Height of hood & bumper
Size & weight of vehicle
Height of patient
Direction patient was facing when struck
What is the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups? -
ANSWER Falls
Factors predicting fall injuries are? - ANSWER Fall height
(velocity)
Landing surface (deceleration distance)
Point of impact on the body
Wound ballistics- permanent cavity - ANSWER Cavity is the a
function of the size, shape, and characteristic of the missile (mass)
For every second of fall time, speed increases by? - ANSWER
Speed increases by approximately 20 MPH
Define Shock? - ANSWER A state in which cellular oxygen
demand exceeds supply
When the cost of tissue oxygen is higher than the body can pay, an oxygen
debt develops.
Types of shock per TCAR? - ANSWER Pumps-Site of defect heart
, Pipes- site of defect is artery, veins or capillaries
Fluid-intravascular, interstitial or intracellular
VS in shock? - ANSWER Narrow pulse pressure
Tachycardia
Low CO
How many ATP molecules are produced with oxygen & glucose? -
ANSWER 32 ATP molecules
How many ATP molecules are produced without oxygen? - ANSWER
2 ATP molecules
Normal pH? - ANSWER Refernce range is 7.35-7.45, but actual
normal range is 7.38-7.42
What is the footprint of shock? - ANSWER Lactic Acidosis
What 2 things affect the amount of oxygen availalbe to the cells? -
ANSWER Temperature & pH, which is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation
curve
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift to the right? - ANSWER
Acidosis, elevated temp
More oxygen available to the cells
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left? - ANSWER
Hypothermia, alkalosis
Less oxygen available to the cells
H & H is a measure of ? - ANSWER It is a measure of
hemodilution rather than blood loss.
What are the hormonal responses to shock? - ANSWER Promote
body water retentions by secretion of ADH & activation of RAAS
What are the inflammatory responses to shock? - ANSWER SIRS
Which is a production of pro-inflammatory mediators, histamine release,
and capillary leakage
Inadvertent esophageal intubation assessment findings include? -
ANSWER Gastric distention,
absent breath sounds,
minimal chest wall movement and
Questions And Verified Solutions
(Already Graded A+)|Assured Success !!!
What are the definitive options for pelvic fracture stabilization and
hemorrhage control? - ANSWER External Fixation
Interventional Radiology
Open reduction & Internal fixation
How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? - ANSWER
Intramedullary nail fixation
What makes a fracture comminuted? - ANSWER The bone is in
multiple pieces
Physiologic criteria for trauma center care? - ANSWER SBP<90
Resp rate <10 or >29
GCS <14
What is Kinematics? - ANSWER The process of predicting
potential injuries based on analysis of the forces involved
Dose of energy is? - ANSWER The nature and amount of force
Characteristic of wounding agent? - ANSWER Type of energy and
how it was applied
Force - ANSWER The dose of energy involved
Which gender is the majority of trauma? - ANSWER Male
Incidence of trauma peaks at what age? - ANSWER Teens and
young adult
Blunt trauma Classifications include? - ANSWER MVA
Auto vs. pedestrian
Falls
Struck by or against an object
Trauma mortality based on organ system failure? - ANSWER 1
organ system failure=4%
,2 organ system failures=32%
3 organ system failures=67%
4 organ system failures=90%
What are the four collisions? - ANSWER 1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? - ANSWER
Deceleration distance
Energy is dissipated over the distance of the roll and whether or not the
occupants are restrained
Car vs pedestrian injuries depend on? - ANSWER Point of contact
with the care
Height of hood & bumper
Size & weight of vehicle
Height of patient
Direction patient was facing when struck
What is the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups? -
ANSWER Falls
Factors predicting fall injuries are? - ANSWER Fall height
(velocity)
Landing surface (deceleration distance)
Point of impact on the body
Wound ballistics- permanent cavity - ANSWER Cavity is the a
function of the size, shape, and characteristic of the missile (mass)
For every second of fall time, speed increases by? - ANSWER
Speed increases by approximately 20 MPH
Define Shock? - ANSWER A state in which cellular oxygen
demand exceeds supply
When the cost of tissue oxygen is higher than the body can pay, an oxygen
debt develops.
Types of shock per TCAR? - ANSWER Pumps-Site of defect heart
, Pipes- site of defect is artery, veins or capillaries
Fluid-intravascular, interstitial or intracellular
VS in shock? - ANSWER Narrow pulse pressure
Tachycardia
Low CO
How many ATP molecules are produced with oxygen & glucose? -
ANSWER 32 ATP molecules
How many ATP molecules are produced without oxygen? - ANSWER
2 ATP molecules
Normal pH? - ANSWER Refernce range is 7.35-7.45, but actual
normal range is 7.38-7.42
What is the footprint of shock? - ANSWER Lactic Acidosis
What 2 things affect the amount of oxygen availalbe to the cells? -
ANSWER Temperature & pH, which is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation
curve
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift to the right? - ANSWER
Acidosis, elevated temp
More oxygen available to the cells
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left? - ANSWER
Hypothermia, alkalosis
Less oxygen available to the cells
H & H is a measure of ? - ANSWER It is a measure of
hemodilution rather than blood loss.
What are the hormonal responses to shock? - ANSWER Promote
body water retentions by secretion of ADH & activation of RAAS
What are the inflammatory responses to shock? - ANSWER SIRS
Which is a production of pro-inflammatory mediators, histamine release,
and capillary leakage
Inadvertent esophageal intubation assessment findings include? -
ANSWER Gastric distention,
absent breath sounds,
minimal chest wall movement and
