1
Table of Contents
The networked organization ......................................................................................................................... 5
Usually two research approaches: ............................................................................................................ 5
Solution: ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Sociomateriality ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Macro-level: The changing nature of work ............................................................................................. 5
Pre-modernity - Modernity - Late modernity: .................................................................................... 5
Theory of Modernity ............................................................................................................................. 6
Network Individualism .......................................................................................................................... 6
Network society ................................................................................................................................... 7
The network enterprise........................................................................................................................ 7
Networked individualism at work ....................................................................................................... 7
Business transformation ...................................................................................................................... 8
Micro level ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Duality of technology (Orlikowki, 1992):............................................................................................. 8
Determinism vs constructivism ............................................................................................................... 9
Technological Determinism: ................................................................................................................ 9
Enterprise Social media............................................................................................................................... 12
Affordances concept benefits ............................................................................................................. 13
Tech affordances in work .................................................................................................................... 13
Enterprise social media ....................................................................................................................... 13
Affordances ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Consequences ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 14
CMC theories .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Many of them: ........................................................................................................................................ 15
All focus on ............................................................................................................................................. 15
Social Presence Theories ........................................................................................................................ 15
Social Presence (Short et al., 1976) ....................................................................................................... 15
Media richness theory (Daft & Lengel, 1986) ........................................................................................ 16
SIDE (Social identity model of deindividuation effect) ......................................................................... 17
Deindividuation theory ...................................................................................................................... 17
, 2
However: ............................................................................................................................................ 17
SIDE-model applied to CMC: .............................................................................................................. 17
Consequences of salient social identity............................................................................................. 17
Nowadays ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Social information processing theory (Walther, 1992) ......................................................................... 18
Criticism: ............................................................................................................................................. 19
Hyperpersonal model ............................................................................................................................. 19
4 sets of effects contribute ................................................................................................................. 19
Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Conclusion: ......................................................................................................................................... 19
General criticism................................................................................................................................. 20
Affordances of social media at work ................................................................................................. 20
Employee Commitment and social media .................................................................................................. 21
Importance of organizational identification ........................................................................................... 21
Functions ................................................................................................................................................. 22
Self-enhancement & Self-categorization ............................................................................................ 22
Levels of identification ........................................................................................................................ 22
Organizational identification can be stimulated through ................................................................... 22
Media use contributions to identification (Wiesenfield) ........................................................................ 22
Findings: .............................................................................................................................................. 23
Facebook and ID...................................................................................................................................... 23
Formal versus Informal Communication ............................................................................................ 23
Importance of Ambassadorship on FB & LinkedIn (Van Zoonen et al., 2018) ........................................ 25
Hypotheses: ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Results: ................................................................................................................................................ 25
Conclusion: .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Virtual teams ............................................................................................................................................... 27
Linked to Hyperpersonal model.............................................................................................................. 27
Definition ................................................................................................................................................ 27
Different levels of virtual .................................................................................................................... 28
............................................................................................................................................................ 28
Pros & cons and support by technology ................................................................................................. 28
Functions of technology in virtual teams .............................................................................................. 29
, 3
Zigurs & Buckland: Functions of group support systems .................................................................... 29
Enhanced performance with shared understanding .............................................................................. 30
Awareness of Virtual team (Malhotra & Majchzak, 2014) ..................................................................... 30
Proximity (O'leary et al., 2014) ............................................................................................................... 31
Importance of perceived vs. objective proximity (Siebdrat et al., 2004) ............................................... 31
Virtual teams & 3D virtual environment ................................................................................................. 32
Studies ................................................................................................................................................. 32
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 32
Three functions of technology in virtual teams .................................................................................. 32
When technology supports these functions this leads to .................................................................. 32
Affordances disallow these functions and so affect shared understanding ....................................... 32
However…structuration view: Affordances interact with other team/task/context characteristics . 33
Regardless, Theory informs effective use of CMC/social media in VTs .............................................. 33
General conclusion.............................................................................................................................. 33
Knowledge management ............................................................................................................................ 34
Importance.............................................................................................................................................. 34
Explicit and Tacit/Implicit knowledge ..................................................................................................... 34
Challenges of KM in modern organization.............................................................................................. 35
Sharing explicit knowledge ................................................................................................................. 35
Making implicit knowledge explicit..................................................................................................... 35
Managing implicit knowledge ............................................................................................................. 35
Managing the social process ............................................................................................................... 35
CoPs & NoPs ............................................................................................................................................ 36
Communities of practice ..................................................................................................................... 36
Networks of practice ........................................................................................................................... 36
Solutions ................................................................................................................................................. 36
Social media affordances and knowledge management .................................................................... 36
Functions of technology in virtual teams (Zigurs & Buckland, 1998) ................................................. 36
Social media are well suited to support these three important functions within organizations: ...... 36
Newer technologies may enhance these processes even more:........................................................ 37
Solutions to Knowledge management challenges: Social capital ....................................................... 37
Solutions to Knowledge management challenges: Common bond / identity .................................... 38
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 39
, 4
Online Boundary management ................................................................................................................... 40
Setting healthy boundaries ..................................................................................................................... 40
Work-home interference .................................................................................................................... 40
Spill-over ................................................................................................................................................. 40
Online boundary Management............................................................................................................... 42
It is strategic behaviors ....................................................................................................................... 42
Online and Offline boundary management ........................................................................................ 42
Boundary management = identity management ................................................................................ 42
Online boundary management Behaviors: segmenting ..................................................................... 43
How do people mentally organize their social worlds? .......................................................................... 43
Propositions (Ollier/Malaterre et al., 2013) ....................................................................................... 43
Batenburg & Bartels, 2017: empirical examination ............................................................................ 44
In conclusion: .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Ollier-Malaterre et al., suggest that.................................................................................................... 45
Stress recovery .................................................................................................................................... 45
Work-related social media behaviors ......................................................................................................... 46
What do employees use social media for? (Landers & Callan, 2014)................................................... 46
Social media governance ....................................................................................................................... 48
Van den Berg & Verhoeven (2017) ..................................................................................................... 48
Cyberloafing / Cyberslacking ................................................................................................................. 49
Blanchard & Henle (2008): almost 90% also do non work-related activities in social media during
work .................................................................................................................................................... 49
............................................................................................................................................................ 49
Why do employees cyberloaf (Lim, 2002) ......................................................................................... 50
Mercado's Meta-analysis on cyberloafing......................................................................................... 51
Group norms ........................................................................................................................................... 52
Major cyberloafing versus Minor cyberloafing, Blanchard & Henle (2008) ..................................... 52
Cyberbullying and work-place bullying ................................................................................................... 52
(Vranjes et al., 2018): why does it happen ......................................................................................... 52
Table of Contents
The networked organization ......................................................................................................................... 5
Usually two research approaches: ............................................................................................................ 5
Solution: ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Sociomateriality ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Macro-level: The changing nature of work ............................................................................................. 5
Pre-modernity - Modernity - Late modernity: .................................................................................... 5
Theory of Modernity ............................................................................................................................. 6
Network Individualism .......................................................................................................................... 6
Network society ................................................................................................................................... 7
The network enterprise........................................................................................................................ 7
Networked individualism at work ....................................................................................................... 7
Business transformation ...................................................................................................................... 8
Micro level ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Duality of technology (Orlikowki, 1992):............................................................................................. 8
Determinism vs constructivism ............................................................................................................... 9
Technological Determinism: ................................................................................................................ 9
Enterprise Social media............................................................................................................................... 12
Affordances concept benefits ............................................................................................................. 13
Tech affordances in work .................................................................................................................... 13
Enterprise social media ....................................................................................................................... 13
Affordances ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Consequences ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 14
CMC theories .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Many of them: ........................................................................................................................................ 15
All focus on ............................................................................................................................................. 15
Social Presence Theories ........................................................................................................................ 15
Social Presence (Short et al., 1976) ....................................................................................................... 15
Media richness theory (Daft & Lengel, 1986) ........................................................................................ 16
SIDE (Social identity model of deindividuation effect) ......................................................................... 17
Deindividuation theory ...................................................................................................................... 17
, 2
However: ............................................................................................................................................ 17
SIDE-model applied to CMC: .............................................................................................................. 17
Consequences of salient social identity............................................................................................. 17
Nowadays ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Social information processing theory (Walther, 1992) ......................................................................... 18
Criticism: ............................................................................................................................................. 19
Hyperpersonal model ............................................................................................................................. 19
4 sets of effects contribute ................................................................................................................. 19
Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Conclusion: ......................................................................................................................................... 19
General criticism................................................................................................................................. 20
Affordances of social media at work ................................................................................................. 20
Employee Commitment and social media .................................................................................................. 21
Importance of organizational identification ........................................................................................... 21
Functions ................................................................................................................................................. 22
Self-enhancement & Self-categorization ............................................................................................ 22
Levels of identification ........................................................................................................................ 22
Organizational identification can be stimulated through ................................................................... 22
Media use contributions to identification (Wiesenfield) ........................................................................ 22
Findings: .............................................................................................................................................. 23
Facebook and ID...................................................................................................................................... 23
Formal versus Informal Communication ............................................................................................ 23
Importance of Ambassadorship on FB & LinkedIn (Van Zoonen et al., 2018) ........................................ 25
Hypotheses: ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Results: ................................................................................................................................................ 25
Conclusion: .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Virtual teams ............................................................................................................................................... 27
Linked to Hyperpersonal model.............................................................................................................. 27
Definition ................................................................................................................................................ 27
Different levels of virtual .................................................................................................................... 28
............................................................................................................................................................ 28
Pros & cons and support by technology ................................................................................................. 28
Functions of technology in virtual teams .............................................................................................. 29
, 3
Zigurs & Buckland: Functions of group support systems .................................................................... 29
Enhanced performance with shared understanding .............................................................................. 30
Awareness of Virtual team (Malhotra & Majchzak, 2014) ..................................................................... 30
Proximity (O'leary et al., 2014) ............................................................................................................... 31
Importance of perceived vs. objective proximity (Siebdrat et al., 2004) ............................................... 31
Virtual teams & 3D virtual environment ................................................................................................. 32
Studies ................................................................................................................................................. 32
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 32
Three functions of technology in virtual teams .................................................................................. 32
When technology supports these functions this leads to .................................................................. 32
Affordances disallow these functions and so affect shared understanding ....................................... 32
However…structuration view: Affordances interact with other team/task/context characteristics . 33
Regardless, Theory informs effective use of CMC/social media in VTs .............................................. 33
General conclusion.............................................................................................................................. 33
Knowledge management ............................................................................................................................ 34
Importance.............................................................................................................................................. 34
Explicit and Tacit/Implicit knowledge ..................................................................................................... 34
Challenges of KM in modern organization.............................................................................................. 35
Sharing explicit knowledge ................................................................................................................. 35
Making implicit knowledge explicit..................................................................................................... 35
Managing implicit knowledge ............................................................................................................. 35
Managing the social process ............................................................................................................... 35
CoPs & NoPs ............................................................................................................................................ 36
Communities of practice ..................................................................................................................... 36
Networks of practice ........................................................................................................................... 36
Solutions ................................................................................................................................................. 36
Social media affordances and knowledge management .................................................................... 36
Functions of technology in virtual teams (Zigurs & Buckland, 1998) ................................................. 36
Social media are well suited to support these three important functions within organizations: ...... 36
Newer technologies may enhance these processes even more:........................................................ 37
Solutions to Knowledge management challenges: Social capital ....................................................... 37
Solutions to Knowledge management challenges: Common bond / identity .................................... 38
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 39
, 4
Online Boundary management ................................................................................................................... 40
Setting healthy boundaries ..................................................................................................................... 40
Work-home interference .................................................................................................................... 40
Spill-over ................................................................................................................................................. 40
Online boundary Management............................................................................................................... 42
It is strategic behaviors ....................................................................................................................... 42
Online and Offline boundary management ........................................................................................ 42
Boundary management = identity management ................................................................................ 42
Online boundary management Behaviors: segmenting ..................................................................... 43
How do people mentally organize their social worlds? .......................................................................... 43
Propositions (Ollier/Malaterre et al., 2013) ....................................................................................... 43
Batenburg & Bartels, 2017: empirical examination ............................................................................ 44
In conclusion: .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Ollier-Malaterre et al., suggest that.................................................................................................... 45
Stress recovery .................................................................................................................................... 45
Work-related social media behaviors ......................................................................................................... 46
What do employees use social media for? (Landers & Callan, 2014)................................................... 46
Social media governance ....................................................................................................................... 48
Van den Berg & Verhoeven (2017) ..................................................................................................... 48
Cyberloafing / Cyberslacking ................................................................................................................. 49
Blanchard & Henle (2008): almost 90% also do non work-related activities in social media during
work .................................................................................................................................................... 49
............................................................................................................................................................ 49
Why do employees cyberloaf (Lim, 2002) ......................................................................................... 50
Mercado's Meta-analysis on cyberloafing......................................................................................... 51
Group norms ........................................................................................................................................... 52
Major cyberloafing versus Minor cyberloafing, Blanchard & Henle (2008) ..................................... 52
Cyberbullying and work-place bullying ................................................................................................... 52
(Vranjes et al., 2018): why does it happen ......................................................................................... 52
