1 Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026
HPNU 3060 Exam 1 review Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
Question: Electrical signals ⼀Answer: Changes in the membrane potential
of a cell
chemical signals ⼀Answer: molecules secreted by cells into
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Question:
the extracellular fluid
Exampromax - Stuvia US
Question: gap junctions ⼀Answer: provide direct cytoplasmic channels
between adjacent animal cells
Question: contact dependant signals ⼀Answer: surface cells of one
membrane bind to the surface of a second membrane (uses both chemical
and electrical signaling)
Question: long distance communication ⼀Answer: uses a combination
of chemical and electrical signals carried by nerve cells and chemical signals
transported in the blood
Question: paracrine signaling ⼀Answer: chemical that acts on cells in
the immediate vicinity of the cell that secreted the signal (acting on
neighboring cell)
Question: autocrine signaling ⼀Answer: chemical signal that acts on the
cell that secreted the signal (acting on self)
, 2 Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026
Question: hormones ⼀Answer: chemical messengers that are
manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and
affect other tissues
Question: receptor proteins ⼀Answer: Cell can respond to a particular
chemical signal only if the cell has the appropriate receptor protein it can
bind to
Question: signal pathway ⼀Answer: First messenger --> Activates the
© 2025 Assignment Expert
receptor --> Second messenger --> Creates a response by modifying existing
proteins or initiating the synthesis of new proteins
Exampromax - Stuvia US
Question: lipophilic signal molecules ⼀Answer: diffuse through the cell
membrane and bind to cytosolic or nuclear receptors (like fats) creates new
proteins or cell structure changes (slow response) (lots to do with hormones)
Question: lipophobic signal molecules ⼀Answer: are unable to enter
cells by simple diffusion through the cell membrane and have to bind to
receptor proteins. They require a signal on the outside to open channels.
(fast and short response)
Question: receptor channel ⼀Answer: ligand binding opens or closes the
channel (simplest to excite the cell)
Question: G-protein coupled receptors ⼀Answer: Ligand binding to a G
protein-coupled receptor opens an ion channel or alters the enzymes
activity.
HPNU 3060 Exam 1 review Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
Question: Electrical signals ⼀Answer: Changes in the membrane potential
of a cell
chemical signals ⼀Answer: molecules secreted by cells into
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Question:
the extracellular fluid
Exampromax - Stuvia US
Question: gap junctions ⼀Answer: provide direct cytoplasmic channels
between adjacent animal cells
Question: contact dependant signals ⼀Answer: surface cells of one
membrane bind to the surface of a second membrane (uses both chemical
and electrical signaling)
Question: long distance communication ⼀Answer: uses a combination
of chemical and electrical signals carried by nerve cells and chemical signals
transported in the blood
Question: paracrine signaling ⼀Answer: chemical that acts on cells in
the immediate vicinity of the cell that secreted the signal (acting on
neighboring cell)
Question: autocrine signaling ⼀Answer: chemical signal that acts on the
cell that secreted the signal (acting on self)
, 2 Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026
Question: hormones ⼀Answer: chemical messengers that are
manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and
affect other tissues
Question: receptor proteins ⼀Answer: Cell can respond to a particular
chemical signal only if the cell has the appropriate receptor protein it can
bind to
Question: signal pathway ⼀Answer: First messenger --> Activates the
© 2025 Assignment Expert
receptor --> Second messenger --> Creates a response by modifying existing
proteins or initiating the synthesis of new proteins
Exampromax - Stuvia US
Question: lipophilic signal molecules ⼀Answer: diffuse through the cell
membrane and bind to cytosolic or nuclear receptors (like fats) creates new
proteins or cell structure changes (slow response) (lots to do with hormones)
Question: lipophobic signal molecules ⼀Answer: are unable to enter
cells by simple diffusion through the cell membrane and have to bind to
receptor proteins. They require a signal on the outside to open channels.
(fast and short response)
Question: receptor channel ⼀Answer: ligand binding opens or closes the
channel (simplest to excite the cell)
Question: G-protein coupled receptors ⼀Answer: Ligand binding to a G
protein-coupled receptor opens an ion channel or alters the enzymes
activity.
