Test Bank
Pediatric Physical Examination: An Illustrated
Handbook 4th Edition
,Chapter 1: Approach To Care And Assessment Of Children And Adolescents
Multiple Choice
1. A Nurse Is Reviewing Developmental Concepts For Infants And Children. Which Statement
Best Describes Development In Infants And Children?
a. Development, A Predictable And Orderly Process, Occurs At Varying Rates
Within Normal Limits.
b. Development Is Primarily Related To The Growth In The Number And Size Of Cells.
c. Development Occurs In A Proximodistal Direction With Fine Muscle
Development Occurring First.
d. Development Is More Easily And Accurately Measured Than Growth.
Answer: A
Development, A Continuous Orderly Process, Provides The Basis For Increases In The Childs
Function And Complexity Of Behavior. The Increases In Rate Of Function And Complexity
Can Vary Normally Within Limits For Each Child. An Increase In The Number And Size Of
Cells Is A Definition For Growth. Development Proceeds In A Proximodistal Direction With
Fine Muscle Organization Occurring As A Result Of Large Muscle Organization. Development
Is A More Complex Process That Is Affected By Many Factors; Therefore, It Is Less Easily
And Accurately Measured. Growth Is A Predictable Process With Standard Measurement
Methods.
2. Frequent Developmental Assessments Are Important For Which Reason?
a. Stable Developmental Periods During Infancy Provide An Opportunity To
Identify Any Delays Or Deficits.
b. Infants Need Stimulation Specific To The Stage Of Development.
c. Critical Periods Of Development Occur During Childhood.
d. Child Development Is Unpredictable And Needs Monitoring.
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Answer: C
Critical Periods Are Blocks Of Time During Which Children Are Ready To Master Specific
Developmental Tasks. Children Can Master These Tasks More Easily During Particular Periods
Of Time In Their Growth And Developmental Process. Infancy Is A Dynamic Time Of
Development That Requires Frequent Evaluations To Assess Appropriate Developmental
Progress. Infants In A Nurturing Environment Will Develop Appropriately And Will Not
Necessarily Need Stimulation Specific To Their Developmental Stage. Normal Growth And
Development Are Orderly And Proceed In A Predictable Pattern On The Basis Of Each
Individuals Abilities And Potentials.
3. Which Factor Has The Greatest Influence On Child Growth And Development?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
Answer: C
Genetic Factors (Heredity) Determine Each Individuals Growth And Developmental Rate.
Although Factors Such As Environment, Culture, Nutrition, And Family Can Influence Genetic
Traits, They Do Not Eliminate The Effect Of The Genetic Endowment, Which Is Permanent.
Culture Is A Significant Factor That Influences How Children Grow Toward Adulthood. Culture
Influences Both Growth And Development But Does Not Eliminate Inborn Genetic Influences.
Environment Has A Significant Role In Determining Growth And Development Both Before
And After Birth. The Environment Can Influence How And To Which Extent Genetic Traits Are
Manifested, But Environmental Factors Cannot Eliminate The Effect Of Genetics. Nutrition Is
Critical For Growth And Plays A Significant Role Throughout Childhood.
4. A Nurse Is Planning A Teaching Session With A Child. According To Piagetian Theory, The
Period Of Cognitive Development In Which The Child Is Able To Distinguish Fact From
Fantasy Is The Period Of Cognitive Development.
a. Sensorimotor
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b. Formal Operations
c. Concrete Operations
d. Preoperational
Answer: C
Concrete Operations Is The Period Of Cognitive Development In Which Childrens Thinking Is
Shifted From Egocentric To Being Able To See Anothers Point Of View. They Develop The
Ability To Distinguish Fact From Fantasy. The Sensorimotor Stage Occurs In Infancy And Is A
Period Of Reflexive Behavior. During This Period, The Infants World Becomes More
Permanent And Organized. The Stage Ends With The Infant Demonstrating Some Evidence Of
Reasoning. Formal Operations Is A Period In Development In Which New Ideas Are Created
Through Previous Thoughts. Analytic Reason And Abstract Thought Emerge In This Period.
The Preoperational Stage Is A Period Of Egocentrism In Which The Childs Judgments Are
Illogical And Dominated By Magical Thinking And Animism.
5. The Theorist Who Viewed Developmental Progression As A Lifelong Series Of Conflicts
That Need Resolution Is:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
Answer: A
Erik Erikson Viewed Development As A Series Of Conflicts Affected By Social And Cultural
Factors. Each Conflict Must Be Resolved For The Child To Progress Emotionally, With
Unsuccessful Resolution Leaving The Child Emotionally Disabled. Sigmund Freud Proposed A
Psychosexual Theory Of Development In Which Certain Parts Of The Body Assume
Psychological Significance As Foci Of Sexual Energy. The Foci Shift As The Individual Moves
Through The Different Stages (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, And Genital) Of Development.
Lawrence Kohlberg Described Moral Development As Having Three Levels (Preconventional,
Conventional, And Postconventional). His
Pediatric Physical Examination: An Illustrated
Handbook 4th Edition
,Chapter 1: Approach To Care And Assessment Of Children And Adolescents
Multiple Choice
1. A Nurse Is Reviewing Developmental Concepts For Infants And Children. Which Statement
Best Describes Development In Infants And Children?
a. Development, A Predictable And Orderly Process, Occurs At Varying Rates
Within Normal Limits.
b. Development Is Primarily Related To The Growth In The Number And Size Of Cells.
c. Development Occurs In A Proximodistal Direction With Fine Muscle
Development Occurring First.
d. Development Is More Easily And Accurately Measured Than Growth.
Answer: A
Development, A Continuous Orderly Process, Provides The Basis For Increases In The Childs
Function And Complexity Of Behavior. The Increases In Rate Of Function And Complexity
Can Vary Normally Within Limits For Each Child. An Increase In The Number And Size Of
Cells Is A Definition For Growth. Development Proceeds In A Proximodistal Direction With
Fine Muscle Organization Occurring As A Result Of Large Muscle Organization. Development
Is A More Complex Process That Is Affected By Many Factors; Therefore, It Is Less Easily
And Accurately Measured. Growth Is A Predictable Process With Standard Measurement
Methods.
2. Frequent Developmental Assessments Are Important For Which Reason?
a. Stable Developmental Periods During Infancy Provide An Opportunity To
Identify Any Delays Or Deficits.
b. Infants Need Stimulation Specific To The Stage Of Development.
c. Critical Periods Of Development Occur During Childhood.
d. Child Development Is Unpredictable And Needs Monitoring.
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Stuvia.coS
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- The Marketplace To Buy And Sell Yourttoo BuyBuy
Study Material
Answer: C
Critical Periods Are Blocks Of Time During Which Children Are Ready To Master Specific
Developmental Tasks. Children Can Master These Tasks More Easily During Particular Periods
Of Time In Their Growth And Developmental Process. Infancy Is A Dynamic Time Of
Development That Requires Frequent Evaluations To Assess Appropriate Developmental
Progress. Infants In A Nurturing Environment Will Develop Appropriately And Will Not
Necessarily Need Stimulation Specific To Their Developmental Stage. Normal Growth And
Development Are Orderly And Proceed In A Predictable Pattern On The Basis Of Each
Individuals Abilities And Potentials.
3. Which Factor Has The Greatest Influence On Child Growth And Development?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
Answer: C
Genetic Factors (Heredity) Determine Each Individuals Growth And Developmental Rate.
Although Factors Such As Environment, Culture, Nutrition, And Family Can Influence Genetic
Traits, They Do Not Eliminate The Effect Of The Genetic Endowment, Which Is Permanent.
Culture Is A Significant Factor That Influences How Children Grow Toward Adulthood. Culture
Influences Both Growth And Development But Does Not Eliminate Inborn Genetic Influences.
Environment Has A Significant Role In Determining Growth And Development Both Before
And After Birth. The Environment Can Influence How And To Which Extent Genetic Traits Are
Manifested, But Environmental Factors Cannot Eliminate The Effect Of Genetics. Nutrition Is
Critical For Growth And Plays A Significant Role Throughout Childhood.
4. A Nurse Is Planning A Teaching Session With A Child. According To Piagetian Theory, The
Period Of Cognitive Development In Which The Child Is Able To Distinguish Fact From
Fantasy Is The Period Of Cognitive Development.
a. Sensorimotor
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
b. Formal Operations
c. Concrete Operations
d. Preoperational
Answer: C
Concrete Operations Is The Period Of Cognitive Development In Which Childrens Thinking Is
Shifted From Egocentric To Being Able To See Anothers Point Of View. They Develop The
Ability To Distinguish Fact From Fantasy. The Sensorimotor Stage Occurs In Infancy And Is A
Period Of Reflexive Behavior. During This Period, The Infants World Becomes More
Permanent And Organized. The Stage Ends With The Infant Demonstrating Some Evidence Of
Reasoning. Formal Operations Is A Period In Development In Which New Ideas Are Created
Through Previous Thoughts. Analytic Reason And Abstract Thought Emerge In This Period.
The Preoperational Stage Is A Period Of Egocentrism In Which The Childs Judgments Are
Illogical And Dominated By Magical Thinking And Animism.
5. The Theorist Who Viewed Developmental Progression As A Lifelong Series Of Conflicts
That Need Resolution Is:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
Answer: A
Erik Erikson Viewed Development As A Series Of Conflicts Affected By Social And Cultural
Factors. Each Conflict Must Be Resolved For The Child To Progress Emotionally, With
Unsuccessful Resolution Leaving The Child Emotionally Disabled. Sigmund Freud Proposed A
Psychosexual Theory Of Development In Which Certain Parts Of The Body Assume
Psychological Significance As Foci Of Sexual Energy. The Foci Shift As The Individual Moves
Through The Different Stages (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, And Genital) Of Development.
Lawrence Kohlberg Described Moral Development As Having Three Levels (Preconventional,
Conventional, And Postconventional). His
