PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
MARYVILLE UNIVERSITYNURS 611 EXAM 3 PATHO
2025 EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK 2025 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH CORRECT DETAILED RATIONALES|
GRADED A+ advanced Pathophysiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which cancer originates from connective tissue?
a. Osteogenic sarcoma c. Multiple myeloma
b. Basal cell carcinoma d. Adenocarcinoma
ANS: A
Cancers arising from connective tissue usually have the suffix -sarcoma. The remaining
options are not cancers that originate in the connective tissue and, in addition, are lacking
the common suffix.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 364
2. Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?
a. Blood vessels c. Connective tissue
b. Epithelial cells d. Glandular tissue
ANS: B
Only cancers arising from epithelial cells are called carcinomas.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 364
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
3. Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
a. Cells have broken through the local basement membrane.
b. Cells have invaded immediateNsUuRrrSoIuNnGdTinBg.CtOisMsue.
c. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells.
d. Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.
ANS: C
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or
squamous cell origin. These early stage cancers are localized to the epithelium and have
not broken through the local basement membrane or invaded the surrounding tissue.
Dysplasia refers to changes in mature cell structure.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 364
4. Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form
new muscle while appearing highly disorganized?
a. Dysplasia c. Myoplasia
b. Hyperplasia d. Anaplasia
ANS: D
Anaplasia is defined as the loss of cellular differentiation, irregularities of the size and
shape of the nucleus, and the loss of normal tissue structure. In clinical specimens,
anaplasia is recognized by a loss of organization and a significant increase in nuclear size
with evidence of ongoing proliferation. The remaining options refer to specific changes in
the cell.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 368-369
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
5. What are tumor cell markers?
a. Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells
b. Receptor sites on tumor cells that can be identified and marked
c. Cytokines that are produced against cancer cells
d. Identification marks that are used in administering radiation therapy
ANS: A
Tumor (biologic) markers are substances produced by both benign and malignant cells that
are found either in or on the tumor cells or in the blood, spinal fluid, or urine. Tumor
markers may include hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens, and antibodies. The other
options do not accurately describe examples of tumor markers and their function.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 365-366
6. The function of the tumor cell marker is to:
a. Provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer.
b. Treat certain types of cancer.
c. Predict where cancers will develop.
d. Screen individuals at high risk for cancer.
ANS: D
Screening and identifying individuals at high risk for cancer are ways tumor markers can
be used. These markers are not used to definitively diagnosis or treat cancer and are not
useful in predicting specific sites of cancer development.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 366
NURSINGTB.COM
7. Which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms
and the first stage in the development of colon cancer?
a. Cancer cells accumulate slower than noncancer cells.
b. An accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required for the development
of cancer.
c. Tumor invasion and metastasis progress more slowly in the gastrointestinal tract.
d. Apoptosis is triggered by diverse stimuli, including excessive growth.
ANS: B
Multiple genetic mutations are required for the evolution of full-blown cancer. The
remaining options do not address the progression of benign to metastatic tumors.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 372-373
8. Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to:
a. Stimulate angiogenesis to create their own blood supply.
b. Encourage secretions that turn off normal growth inhibitors.
c. Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth.
d. Divert nutrients away from normal tissue for their own use.
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
Cancer cells must have mutations that enable them to proliferate in the absence of external
growth signals. To achieve this, some cancers acquire the ability to secrete growth factors
that stimulate their own growth, a process known as autocrine stimulation. The remaining
options do not describe autocrine stimulation.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 380
9. Apoptosis is a(an):
a. Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive
b. Antigrowth signal activated by the tumor-suppressor gene Rb
c. Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene
d. Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia
ANS: A
Normal cells have a mechanism that causes them to self-destruct when growth is excessive
and cell cycle checkpoints have been ignored. Diverse stimuli, including normal
development and excessive growth, trigger this self-destruct mechanism, called apoptosis.
The remaining options do not describe apoptosis.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 381
10. Many cancers create a mutation of ras. ras is a(an):
a. Tumor-suppressor gene
b. Growth-promoting gene
c. Intracellular-signaling protein that regulates cell growth
d. Cell surface receptor that allows signaling to the nucleus concerning cell growth
ANS: C NURSINGTB.COM
Up to one-third of all cancers have an activating mutation in the gene for an intracellular
signaling protein called ras. This mutant ras stimulates cell growth even when growth
factors are missing. The remaining options do not describe ras.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 380
11. Oncogenes are genes that are capable of:
a. Undergoing mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate
of tissue proliferation
b. Directing synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and to provide
necessary replacement of tissue
c. Encoding proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or
halt the replacement of tissue
d. Undergoing mutation that directs malignant tissue toward blood vessels and
lymph nodes for metastasis
ANS: A
Oncogenes are mutant genes that, before mutation, direct synthesis of proteins that
positively regulate (accelerate) proliferation. The remaining options do not describe
oncogenes.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 374
NURSINGTB.COM
MARYVILLE UNIVERSITYNURS 611 EXAM 3 PATHO
2025 EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK 2025 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH CORRECT DETAILED RATIONALES|
GRADED A+ advanced Pathophysiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which cancer originates from connective tissue?
a. Osteogenic sarcoma c. Multiple myeloma
b. Basal cell carcinoma d. Adenocarcinoma
ANS: A
Cancers arising from connective tissue usually have the suffix -sarcoma. The remaining
options are not cancers that originate in the connective tissue and, in addition, are lacking
the common suffix.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 364
2. Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?
a. Blood vessels c. Connective tissue
b. Epithelial cells d. Glandular tissue
ANS: B
Only cancers arising from epithelial cells are called carcinomas.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 364
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
3. Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
a. Cells have broken through the local basement membrane.
b. Cells have invaded immediateNsUuRrrSoIuNnGdTinBg.CtOisMsue.
c. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells.
d. Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.
ANS: C
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or
squamous cell origin. These early stage cancers are localized to the epithelium and have
not broken through the local basement membrane or invaded the surrounding tissue.
Dysplasia refers to changes in mature cell structure.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 364
4. Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form
new muscle while appearing highly disorganized?
a. Dysplasia c. Myoplasia
b. Hyperplasia d. Anaplasia
ANS: D
Anaplasia is defined as the loss of cellular differentiation, irregularities of the size and
shape of the nucleus, and the loss of normal tissue structure. In clinical specimens,
anaplasia is recognized by a loss of organization and a significant increase in nuclear size
with evidence of ongoing proliferation. The remaining options refer to specific changes in
the cell.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 368-369
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
5. What are tumor cell markers?
a. Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells
b. Receptor sites on tumor cells that can be identified and marked
c. Cytokines that are produced against cancer cells
d. Identification marks that are used in administering radiation therapy
ANS: A
Tumor (biologic) markers are substances produced by both benign and malignant cells that
are found either in or on the tumor cells or in the blood, spinal fluid, or urine. Tumor
markers may include hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens, and antibodies. The other
options do not accurately describe examples of tumor markers and their function.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 365-366
6. The function of the tumor cell marker is to:
a. Provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer.
b. Treat certain types of cancer.
c. Predict where cancers will develop.
d. Screen individuals at high risk for cancer.
ANS: D
Screening and identifying individuals at high risk for cancer are ways tumor markers can
be used. These markers are not used to definitively diagnosis or treat cancer and are not
useful in predicting specific sites of cancer development.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 366
NURSINGTB.COM
7. Which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms
and the first stage in the development of colon cancer?
a. Cancer cells accumulate slower than noncancer cells.
b. An accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required for the development
of cancer.
c. Tumor invasion and metastasis progress more slowly in the gastrointestinal tract.
d. Apoptosis is triggered by diverse stimuli, including excessive growth.
ANS: B
Multiple genetic mutations are required for the evolution of full-blown cancer. The
remaining options do not address the progression of benign to metastatic tumors.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 372-373
8. Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to:
a. Stimulate angiogenesis to create their own blood supply.
b. Encourage secretions that turn off normal growth inhibitors.
c. Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth.
d. Divert nutrients away from normal tissue for their own use.
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST
Cancer cells must have mutations that enable them to proliferate in the absence of external
growth signals. To achieve this, some cancers acquire the ability to secrete growth factors
that stimulate their own growth, a process known as autocrine stimulation. The remaining
options do not describe autocrine stimulation.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 380
9. Apoptosis is a(an):
a. Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive
b. Antigrowth signal activated by the tumor-suppressor gene Rb
c. Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene
d. Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia
ANS: A
Normal cells have a mechanism that causes them to self-destruct when growth is excessive
and cell cycle checkpoints have been ignored. Diverse stimuli, including normal
development and excessive growth, trigger this self-destruct mechanism, called apoptosis.
The remaining options do not describe apoptosis.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 381
10. Many cancers create a mutation of ras. ras is a(an):
a. Tumor-suppressor gene
b. Growth-promoting gene
c. Intracellular-signaling protein that regulates cell growth
d. Cell surface receptor that allows signaling to the nucleus concerning cell growth
ANS: C NURSINGTB.COM
Up to one-third of all cancers have an activating mutation in the gene for an intracellular
signaling protein called ras. This mutant ras stimulates cell growth even when growth
factors are missing. The remaining options do not describe ras.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 380
11. Oncogenes are genes that are capable of:
a. Undergoing mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate
of tissue proliferation
b. Directing synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and to provide
necessary replacement of tissue
c. Encoding proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or
halt the replacement of tissue
d. Undergoing mutation that directs malignant tissue toward blood vessels and
lymph nodes for metastasis
ANS: A
Oncogenes are mutant genes that, before mutation, direct synthesis of proteins that
positively regulate (accelerate) proliferation. The remaining options do not describe
oncogenes.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 374
NURSINGTB.COM
