TNCC 20th Edition Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Best
Graded A+
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? - ANSNeither. For
each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Define Cushing's triad - ANSBradycardia, progressive hypertension (widening pulse pressure), and
decreased respiratory effort
Define the characteristics of neurogenic shock - ANSDistributive shock with a T6 or higher injury
results and vasodilation, bradycardia, flushed warm dry skin. Risk for temperature instability.
Nursing interventions include maintaining warmth and spinal stabilization.
Define the characteristics of spinal shock - ANSTransient loss of function can include loss of
reflexes and muscle tone below the level of industry with possible vascular response.
Describe one fat embolism syndrome is most likely to occur in its characteristics - ANSWith
longform fractures. Tachycardia, Thrombocytopenia, and petechiae rash.
Describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock - ANSCardiogenic shock results from pump
failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. Lack of cardiac output and an organ
perfusion occurs secondary to a decrease in myocardial contractility and or valvular
insufficiency. This can happen with blunt cardiac trauma or an MI. Symptoms can include low blood
pressure increase heart rate and respiratory rate chest pain shortness of breath
dysrhythmias increase troponin and pale cool moist skin
Describe the characteristics of distributive shock. - ANSDistributive shock occurs as a result of
Mel distribution of an adequate circulating blood volume with the loss of vascular tone or
increased permeability. This can occur with spinal cord injuries, sepsis, or anaphylaxis. Symptoms
include low blood pressure heart rate respiratory rate preload and afterload, spinal
tenderness, difficulty breathing, warm pink and dry skin with a cool core temperature.
Describe the characteristics of hypovolemic shock - ANSHypovolemia is caused by a decrease in
the amount of circulating volume usually caused by massive bleeding, but also can be from
vomiting and diarrhea. Characteristics include low blood pressure and preload, increase heart
rate respiratory rate and afterload, with contractility unchanged. Signs include obvious
bleeding, weak peripheral pulses, pale cool and moist skin, distended abdomen, pelvic fracture,
or bruise swollen and deformed extremities especially long bones.
Describe the characteristics of obstructive shock - ANSObstructive shock is it mechanical
problem that results from hypoperfusion of the tissue due to an obstruction in either the
vasculature or the heart resulting in decreased cardiac output. Some causes include a tension
pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or venous air embolism on the right side of the heart during
systole in the pulmonary artery.Signs include anxiety, muffled heart sounds, JVD, hypertension,
chest pain, difficulty breathing, or pulses paradoxes.
Describe the four types of spinal cord injury - ANSCentral cord injury results in greater
weakness distally, anterior injury includes motor loss or weakness below the cord level of
injury yet sensory is intact, Brown-Sequard (hemicord) is weak on one side with sensory deficit on
opposite side, posterior cord syndrome although rare is when the patient is unable to use sense
vibration in proprioception
, TNCC 20th Edition Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Best
Graded A+
Describe the measurement of an NPA - ANSMeasure from the tip of the patient's nose to the tip of
the patients earlobe.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. - ANSThe first impact
occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The second impact occurs after the initial
impact when the occupant continues to move in the original direction of travel until they collide
with the interior of the vehicle or meet resistance. The third impact occurs when internal
structures collide within the body cavity.
Measurement of an OPA - ANSPlace the proximal end or flange of the airway adjunct at the
corner of the mouth to the tip of the mandibular angle.
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement - ANSPlacement of a CO2 monitoring device,
Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and listening at the epigastrium and four lung fields for
equal breath sounds.
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways. - ANSFalse. When placing one of these? One
should consider the potential need for a definitive airway.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? - ANSThe point of impact on
the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues ability to resist (bone versus soft
tissue, air-filled versus solid organs), and the trajectory of force.
What are the early signs of increased Intracranial pressure - ANSheadache, vomiting,
behavioral changes that begin with restlessness and may progress to confusion, drowsiness, or
impaired judgment
What are the four types of shock? - ANSHypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Obstructive, & Distributive
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? - ANSBlunt, penetrating, thermal, or blast.
What are the greatest risks for transport? - ANSLoss of airway patency, displaced obstructive
tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices, need to replace or reinforce dressings,
deterioration in patient status change in vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the
patient and/or team members
What are the late signs of Increased intracranial pressure - ANSdilated, non-reactive pupil(s);
abnormal motor posturing (flexion, extension, flaccidity); Cushing's triad, Unresponsive to per
verbal and painful stimuli, bradycardia and decreased respiratory effort
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle accidents? - ANSUp
and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? - ANSDecreased level of consciousness,
hypertension, narrow pulse pressure, tachycardia with weak pulses, tachypnea, skin that is cool
clammy and cyanotic, base access outside the normal range, and serum lactate levels greater
than two to 4MMOL/L.
What are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock? - ANSObtunded stuporous or comatose
state, marked hypertension and heart failure, bradycardia with possible dysrhythmias,
Graded A+
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? - ANSNeither. For
each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Define Cushing's triad - ANSBradycardia, progressive hypertension (widening pulse pressure), and
decreased respiratory effort
Define the characteristics of neurogenic shock - ANSDistributive shock with a T6 or higher injury
results and vasodilation, bradycardia, flushed warm dry skin. Risk for temperature instability.
Nursing interventions include maintaining warmth and spinal stabilization.
Define the characteristics of spinal shock - ANSTransient loss of function can include loss of
reflexes and muscle tone below the level of industry with possible vascular response.
Describe one fat embolism syndrome is most likely to occur in its characteristics - ANSWith
longform fractures. Tachycardia, Thrombocytopenia, and petechiae rash.
Describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock - ANSCardiogenic shock results from pump
failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. Lack of cardiac output and an organ
perfusion occurs secondary to a decrease in myocardial contractility and or valvular
insufficiency. This can happen with blunt cardiac trauma or an MI. Symptoms can include low blood
pressure increase heart rate and respiratory rate chest pain shortness of breath
dysrhythmias increase troponin and pale cool moist skin
Describe the characteristics of distributive shock. - ANSDistributive shock occurs as a result of
Mel distribution of an adequate circulating blood volume with the loss of vascular tone or
increased permeability. This can occur with spinal cord injuries, sepsis, or anaphylaxis. Symptoms
include low blood pressure heart rate respiratory rate preload and afterload, spinal
tenderness, difficulty breathing, warm pink and dry skin with a cool core temperature.
Describe the characteristics of hypovolemic shock - ANSHypovolemia is caused by a decrease in
the amount of circulating volume usually caused by massive bleeding, but also can be from
vomiting and diarrhea. Characteristics include low blood pressure and preload, increase heart
rate respiratory rate and afterload, with contractility unchanged. Signs include obvious
bleeding, weak peripheral pulses, pale cool and moist skin, distended abdomen, pelvic fracture,
or bruise swollen and deformed extremities especially long bones.
Describe the characteristics of obstructive shock - ANSObstructive shock is it mechanical
problem that results from hypoperfusion of the tissue due to an obstruction in either the
vasculature or the heart resulting in decreased cardiac output. Some causes include a tension
pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or venous air embolism on the right side of the heart during
systole in the pulmonary artery.Signs include anxiety, muffled heart sounds, JVD, hypertension,
chest pain, difficulty breathing, or pulses paradoxes.
Describe the four types of spinal cord injury - ANSCentral cord injury results in greater
weakness distally, anterior injury includes motor loss or weakness below the cord level of
injury yet sensory is intact, Brown-Sequard (hemicord) is weak on one side with sensory deficit on
opposite side, posterior cord syndrome although rare is when the patient is unable to use sense
vibration in proprioception
, TNCC 20th Edition Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Best
Graded A+
Describe the measurement of an NPA - ANSMeasure from the tip of the patient's nose to the tip of
the patients earlobe.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. - ANSThe first impact
occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The second impact occurs after the initial
impact when the occupant continues to move in the original direction of travel until they collide
with the interior of the vehicle or meet resistance. The third impact occurs when internal
structures collide within the body cavity.
Measurement of an OPA - ANSPlace the proximal end or flange of the airway adjunct at the
corner of the mouth to the tip of the mandibular angle.
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement - ANSPlacement of a CO2 monitoring device,
Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and listening at the epigastrium and four lung fields for
equal breath sounds.
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways. - ANSFalse. When placing one of these? One
should consider the potential need for a definitive airway.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? - ANSThe point of impact on
the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues ability to resist (bone versus soft
tissue, air-filled versus solid organs), and the trajectory of force.
What are the early signs of increased Intracranial pressure - ANSheadache, vomiting,
behavioral changes that begin with restlessness and may progress to confusion, drowsiness, or
impaired judgment
What are the four types of shock? - ANSHypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Obstructive, & Distributive
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? - ANSBlunt, penetrating, thermal, or blast.
What are the greatest risks for transport? - ANSLoss of airway patency, displaced obstructive
tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices, need to replace or reinforce dressings,
deterioration in patient status change in vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the
patient and/or team members
What are the late signs of Increased intracranial pressure - ANSdilated, non-reactive pupil(s);
abnormal motor posturing (flexion, extension, flaccidity); Cushing's triad, Unresponsive to per
verbal and painful stimuli, bradycardia and decreased respiratory effort
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle accidents? - ANSUp
and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? - ANSDecreased level of consciousness,
hypertension, narrow pulse pressure, tachycardia with weak pulses, tachypnea, skin that is cool
clammy and cyanotic, base access outside the normal range, and serum lactate levels greater
than two to 4MMOL/L.
What are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock? - ANSObtunded stuporous or comatose
state, marked hypertension and heart failure, bradycardia with possible dysrhythmias,
