Community/Public Health Nursing, 8th
Edition Questions and Answers | All
Chapters1-34
Cross-sectional study
A researcher is examining potential risk factors in comparison with disease at a specific time
through collecting data regarding current exercise, sleep patterns, and current health status
among 12-year-olds. Which research study would be most appropriate?
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Prospective study
c. Retrospective study
d. True experiment
Retrospective study
A researcher, interested in the onset of early menses, compared the life experiences and
history of 1000 14-year-old girls, half of whom had monthly periods and half of whom did
not, to determine what variables might be observed. Which would be the most appropriate
categorization of this study?
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Prospective study
c. Retrospective study
d. True experiment
Prospective study
One famous study followed a cohort of nurses over their lives, collecting data and health
histories as they aged. Which would be the most appropriate categorization of this study?
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Prospective study
c. Retrospective study
d. True experiment
Prospective study
A researcher wanted to engage in the best possible research design to obtain reliable
information about the possible cause(s) of a disease. Which design would the researcher
choose?
,a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Prospective study
d. Retrospective study
Retrospective study
A researcher has limited time and funds. Which research design would be most appropriate?
a. Cohort study
b. Incidence study
c. Longitudinal study
d. Retrospective study
Experimental study
On the basis of findings related to elevated blood levels of cholesterol, a researcher wanted to
determine whether a new drug would notably lower the blood levels of cholesterol in
otherwise healthy persons. Which study would the researcher most likely use?
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Experimental study
c. Prospective study
d. Retrospective study
Agent factor
A client has developed pellagra because of a lack of certain B vitamins. Which best describes
the classification of the nutritional deficiency?
a. Relative risk factor
b. Agent factor
c. Environment factor
d. Host factor
It implemented unethical and racist treatment of uninformed subjects.
Which best describes the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?
a. It provided excellence in research design.
b. It used an extensive subject base leading to confirmed conclusions.
c. It developed information about the causes and treatment of syphilis.
d. It implemented unethical and racist treatment of uninformed subjects.
a. Demographic characteristics
c. Geographic data
f. When disease struck the area
An epidemiologist is gathering data to determine which factors may lead to disease. Which
data will be gathered? (Select all that apply.)
,a. Demographic characteristics
b. Disease characteristics
c. Geographic data
d. Health protection measures taken
e. Length of the disease process
f. When disease struck the area
a. Description of commonalities among those who became ill
b. Depiction of the possible pathogen
d. Portrayal of the geographic area where people became ill
Which information must be analyzed to derive an adequate explanation of disease? (Select all
that apply.)
a. Description of commonalities among those who became ill
b. Depiction of the possible pathogen
c. Explanation of the health care system in the community
d. Portrayal of the geographic area where people became ill
e. Review of the methods by which disease can be spread
f. Substances that are effective in sanitizing the area described
a. It decreases the focus on the individual person.
c. It emphasizes the role of complex political and economic context.
f. Its use suggests possible public policy interventions.
Which best describes the advantage of the eco social epidemiology model over both the web of
causation model and the epidemiological triangle model? (Select all that apply.)
a. It decreases the focus on the individual person.
b. It demonstrates the usefulness of molecular epidemiology in disease prevention.
c. It emphasizes the role of complex political and economic context.
d. It is more useful in public policy campaigns in explaining what people need to do
to protect themselves.
e. It reflects the current emphasis on ecology and the environment.
f. Its use suggests possible public policy interventions.
a. It is easy to understand how the variable A could lead to the illness.
b. Research studies consistently demonstrate a relationship between variable A and
the illness.
d. The more of variable A present, the sicker the person becomes.
Which factors are necessary to assume there might be a cause-effect relationship between a
particular variable A and a specific illness? (Select all that apply.)
a. It is easy to understand how the variable A could lead to the illness.
b. Research studies consistently demonstrate a relationship between variable A and
, the illness.
c. The illness is frequently seen without the presence of variable A.
d. The more of variable A present, the sicker the person becomes.
e. Variable A is always found after the person becomes ill.
f. Variable A is never found in the presence of other illnesses.
c. Persons who do not have the illness are told that they might, which leads to
anxiety, as well as time and cost of follow-up diagnostic tests.
d. Such a test may have lower specificity, so some persons with the disease are told they are disease
free and hence do not receive care.
A nurse wanted a screening test that was very sensitive in determining who might have a
particular illness. What might be a problem with using such a sensitive test? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Many persons have true negative test results.
b. Persons who test negative are able to celebrate their healthy state.
c. Persons who do not have the illness are told that they might, which leads to
anxiety, as well as time and cost of follow-up diagnostic tests.
d. Such a test may have lower specificity, so some persons with the disease are told
they are disease free and hence do not receive care.
e. There is no problem; it is best to use the most sensitive screening test available.
f. Persons who have the disease are notified and receive treatment.
Our national health care costs keep increasing.
Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care?
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.
c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.
d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers.
A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this
involvement important?
a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very
visible in American media.
b. Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units in our health care
system.
c. Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers.
d. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals.
There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
Edition Questions and Answers | All
Chapters1-34
Cross-sectional study
A researcher is examining potential risk factors in comparison with disease at a specific time
through collecting data regarding current exercise, sleep patterns, and current health status
among 12-year-olds. Which research study would be most appropriate?
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Prospective study
c. Retrospective study
d. True experiment
Retrospective study
A researcher, interested in the onset of early menses, compared the life experiences and
history of 1000 14-year-old girls, half of whom had monthly periods and half of whom did
not, to determine what variables might be observed. Which would be the most appropriate
categorization of this study?
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Prospective study
c. Retrospective study
d. True experiment
Prospective study
One famous study followed a cohort of nurses over their lives, collecting data and health
histories as they aged. Which would be the most appropriate categorization of this study?
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Prospective study
c. Retrospective study
d. True experiment
Prospective study
A researcher wanted to engage in the best possible research design to obtain reliable
information about the possible cause(s) of a disease. Which design would the researcher
choose?
,a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Prospective study
d. Retrospective study
Retrospective study
A researcher has limited time and funds. Which research design would be most appropriate?
a. Cohort study
b. Incidence study
c. Longitudinal study
d. Retrospective study
Experimental study
On the basis of findings related to elevated blood levels of cholesterol, a researcher wanted to
determine whether a new drug would notably lower the blood levels of cholesterol in
otherwise healthy persons. Which study would the researcher most likely use?
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Experimental study
c. Prospective study
d. Retrospective study
Agent factor
A client has developed pellagra because of a lack of certain B vitamins. Which best describes
the classification of the nutritional deficiency?
a. Relative risk factor
b. Agent factor
c. Environment factor
d. Host factor
It implemented unethical and racist treatment of uninformed subjects.
Which best describes the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?
a. It provided excellence in research design.
b. It used an extensive subject base leading to confirmed conclusions.
c. It developed information about the causes and treatment of syphilis.
d. It implemented unethical and racist treatment of uninformed subjects.
a. Demographic characteristics
c. Geographic data
f. When disease struck the area
An epidemiologist is gathering data to determine which factors may lead to disease. Which
data will be gathered? (Select all that apply.)
,a. Demographic characteristics
b. Disease characteristics
c. Geographic data
d. Health protection measures taken
e. Length of the disease process
f. When disease struck the area
a. Description of commonalities among those who became ill
b. Depiction of the possible pathogen
d. Portrayal of the geographic area where people became ill
Which information must be analyzed to derive an adequate explanation of disease? (Select all
that apply.)
a. Description of commonalities among those who became ill
b. Depiction of the possible pathogen
c. Explanation of the health care system in the community
d. Portrayal of the geographic area where people became ill
e. Review of the methods by which disease can be spread
f. Substances that are effective in sanitizing the area described
a. It decreases the focus on the individual person.
c. It emphasizes the role of complex political and economic context.
f. Its use suggests possible public policy interventions.
Which best describes the advantage of the eco social epidemiology model over both the web of
causation model and the epidemiological triangle model? (Select all that apply.)
a. It decreases the focus on the individual person.
b. It demonstrates the usefulness of molecular epidemiology in disease prevention.
c. It emphasizes the role of complex political and economic context.
d. It is more useful in public policy campaigns in explaining what people need to do
to protect themselves.
e. It reflects the current emphasis on ecology and the environment.
f. Its use suggests possible public policy interventions.
a. It is easy to understand how the variable A could lead to the illness.
b. Research studies consistently demonstrate a relationship between variable A and
the illness.
d. The more of variable A present, the sicker the person becomes.
Which factors are necessary to assume there might be a cause-effect relationship between a
particular variable A and a specific illness? (Select all that apply.)
a. It is easy to understand how the variable A could lead to the illness.
b. Research studies consistently demonstrate a relationship between variable A and
, the illness.
c. The illness is frequently seen without the presence of variable A.
d. The more of variable A present, the sicker the person becomes.
e. Variable A is always found after the person becomes ill.
f. Variable A is never found in the presence of other illnesses.
c. Persons who do not have the illness are told that they might, which leads to
anxiety, as well as time and cost of follow-up diagnostic tests.
d. Such a test may have lower specificity, so some persons with the disease are told they are disease
free and hence do not receive care.
A nurse wanted a screening test that was very sensitive in determining who might have a
particular illness. What might be a problem with using such a sensitive test? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Many persons have true negative test results.
b. Persons who test negative are able to celebrate their healthy state.
c. Persons who do not have the illness are told that they might, which leads to
anxiety, as well as time and cost of follow-up diagnostic tests.
d. Such a test may have lower specificity, so some persons with the disease are told
they are disease free and hence do not receive care.
e. There is no problem; it is best to use the most sensitive screening test available.
f. Persons who have the disease are notified and receive treatment.
Our national health care costs keep increasing.
Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care?
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.
c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.
d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers.
A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this
involvement important?
a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very
visible in American media.
b. Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units in our health care
system.
c. Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers.
d. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals.
There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
