NUR 631 FINAL EXAM, PRACTICE EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACT
m m m m m m m m m m m
UAL EXAM 350 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANS
m m m m m m m m m
WERS) WITH EXPLNATIONS|ALREADY GRADED A+
m m m m
Whichmof mthe mfollowingmstatementsmbestmdescribesmRaynaudmdisease?
a. Anminflammatorymdisordermofmsmallmandmmedium-sizemarteriesminmthe mfeetmandmsometimesminmthe mhands
b. Amneoplasticmdisordermof mthe mliningmof mthe marteriesmandmveinsmof mthe muppermextremities
c. Amvasospasticmdisordermofmthemsmallmarteriesmandmarteriolesmofmthemfingers,mandmlessmcommonly,mthe mtoes
d. Anmautoimmunemdisordermofmthemlarge marteriesmandmveinsmofmthemuppermandmlowermextremitiesm-manswer-
c.mAmvasospasticmdisordermofmthemsmallmarteriesmandmarteriolesmofmthemfingers,mandmlessmcommonly,mthemtoes
Ampatientmismdiagnosedmwithmpulmonarymdisease mandmelevatedmpulmonarymvascularmresistance.mWhichm
ofmthe mfollowingmheartmfailuresmmaymresultmfrommthismcondition?
a. Rightmheartmfailure
b. Leftmheartmfailure
c. Low-outputmfailure
d. High-outputmfailure m-manswer-a.mRightmheartmfailure
Exp:mRightmheartmfailuremismdefinedmasmtheminabilitymofmthe mrightmventricle mtomprovidemadequatembloodmfl
owmintomthe mpulmonarymcirculationmatmamnormalmcentralmvenousmpressure.mItmmostmoftenmresultsmfrommt
he mleftmheartmfailuremwhenmthemincreaseminmleftmventricularmfillingmpressuremthatmismreflectedmbackmintom
the mpulmonarymcirculationmismsevere menough.mAsmpressure minmthempulmonarymcirculationmrises,mthemresis
tance mtomrightmventricularmemptyingmincreases.
Whatmphysicalmsignmismthe mresultmof mturbulentmbloodmflowmthroughmamvessel?
a. Increasedmbloodmpressure mduringmperiodsmofmstress
b. Boundingmpulse mfeltmonmpalpation
c. Cyanosismobservedmonmexcretion
d. Murmurmheardmonmauscultationm- manswer-d.mMurmurmheardmonmauscultation
Exp:mWhere mflowmismobstructedmthemvesselmturnsmormbloodmflowsmovermroughmsurfaces.mThe mflowmbeco
mesmturbulentmwithmwhorlsmormeddymcurrentsmthatmproduce mnoise mcausingmammurmurmtombemheardmonm
auscultationmsuchmasmoccursmduringmbloodmpressure mmeasurementmwithmamsphygomanometer. mThismsel
ectionmismthemonlymoptionmthatmaccuratelymidentifiesmthemphysicalmsignmof mturbulentmvascularmbloodmflow
.mpgm1113
,Whichmcongenitalmheartmdefectsmoccurminmtrisomym13,mtrisomym18mandmdownmsyndrome?
a. Coarctationmofmthe maortamandmpulmonarymstenosis
b. Tetralogymof mFallotmandmpersistentmtruncusmarteriosus
c. Atrialmseptalmdefectmandmdextrocardia
d. Ventricularmseptalmdefectmandmpatentmductusmarteriosusm-manswer-
d.mVentricularmseptalmdefectmandmpatentmductusmarteriosus
Exp:mCongenitalmheartmdefectsmthatmaremrelatedmtomdysfunctionmofmtrisomym13,mtrisomym18mandmdownms
yndrome minclude mVSDmandmPDAmsee mTable m33-
2mThe mothermdefectsmaremnotmassociatedmwithmdysfunctionmofmtrisomym13morm17mandmdownmsyndrome.m
pgm1200
Anminfantmhasmamcontinuousmmachine/typemmurmurmbestmheardmatmthe mleftmuppermsternalmbordermthro
ughoutmsystolemandmdiastole masmwellmasmamboundingmpulse mandmamthrillmonmpalpation.mThese mclinicalmfin
dingsmare mconsistentmwithmwhichmcongenitalmheartmdefect?
a. Atrialmseptalmdefect
b. Ventricularmseptalmdefect
c. Patentmductusmarteriosus
d. Atrioventricularmcanalmdefectm-manswer-c.mPatentmductusmarteriosus
Exp:mIfmpulmonarymvascularmresistance mhasmfallenmthenminfantsmwithmwillmcharacteristicallymhavemamcont
inuousmmachine/type mmurmurmbestmheardmatmthe mleftmuppermsternalmbordermthroughoutmsystole mandmd
iastole.mIf mthemPDAmismsignificantmthenmthe minfantmalsomwillmhave mboundingmpulsesmanmactive mprecordiu
m,mamthrillmonmpalpationmandmsignsmandmsymptomsmofmpulmonarymovermcirculation.mThempresentationsm
ofmthe mothermcongenitalmheartmdefectsmaremnotmconsistentmwithmthe mdescribedmthemsymptomsmpagesm1
203-1204
WhichmcompensatorymmechanismmismspontaneouslymusedmbymchildrenmdiagnosedmwithmtetralogymofmFallotmto
m relieve m hypoxicm spells?
a. Lyingmonmtheirmleftmside
b. Performingmthe mvalsalvammaneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilatingm-manswer-c.mSquatting
Exp:msquattingmismamspontaneousmcompensatorymmechanismmusedmbymoldermchildrenmtomalleviate mhypoxi
cmspells.mSquattingmandmitsmvariantsmincreasemsystemicmresistance mwhile mdecreasingmvenousmreturnmtomt
he mheartmfrommtheminferiormvenamcava.mThemothermoptionsmwouldmnotmresultminmthese mchanges.mpgm120
9
,Anminfantmdiagnosedmwithmamsmallmpatentmductusmarteriosusmwouldmlikelymexhibitmwhichmsymptom?
a. Intermittentmmurmur
b. Lackmof msymptoms
c. Needmformsurgicalmrepair
d. Triadmof mcongenitalmdefectsm-manswer-b.mLackmofmsymptoms
Exp:mInfantsmwithmamsmallmPDAmusuallymremainmasymptomatic.mpage m1203-1204
Fluidminmthe mpleuralmspace mcharacterizesmwhichmcondition?
a. Pleuralmeffusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemiam-manswer-a.mPleuralmEffusion
Exp:mPleuralmeffusionmismthe mpresence mof mfluidminmthe mpleuralmspace.mpage1254
Whichmmedicationmclassificationmismgenerallymincludedminmthe mtreatmentmofmsilicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorantsm-manswer-a.mCorticosteroids
Exp:mNomspecificmtreatmentmexistsmformsilicosis,malthoughmcorticosteroidsmmaymproduce msome mimprovem
entminmthe mearly,mmore macute mstages.mpage m1259
The mriskmformrespiratorymdistressmsyndromem(RDS) mdecreasesmformprematureminfantsmwhenmtheymare mbo
rnmbetweenmhowmmanymweeksmofmgestation?
a. 16mandm24
b. 20mandm24
c. 24mandm30
d. 30mandm36m-manswer-d.m30mandm36
Exp:mSurfactantmismsecretedmintomfetalmairwaysmbetweenm30mandm36mweeks.mThemothermoptionsmare mnotmtruem
regardingmthe mtimeframe mwhenmthe mriskmformRDSmdecreases.mpage m1292
, Whatmismthe mchief mpredisposingmfactormformrespiratorymdistressmsyndrome m(RDS) mofmthe mnewborn?
a. Lowmbirthmweight
b. Alcoholmconsumptionmduringmpregnanc
c. Premature mbirth
d. Smokingmduringmpregnancym-manswer-a.mPremature mbirth
Exp:mRDSmofmthemnewborn,malsomknownmasmhyaline mmembranemdiseasem(HMD),mismammajormcausemofmmor
biditymandmmortalityminmpremature mnewborns.mpage m1301
Whatmismthe mprimarymcause mofmrespiratorymdistressmsyndrome m(RDS) mof mthe mnewborn?
a. Immature mimmune msystem
b. Smallmalveoli
c. Surfactantmdeficiency
d. Anemiam-manswer-c.mSurfactantmdeficiency
Exp:mRDSmismprimarilymcausedmbymsurfactantmdeficiencymandmsecondarilymbymamdeficiencyminmalveolarmsurf
ace mareamformgasmexchange.mpage m1301
Whatmismthe mprimarymproblemmresultingmfrommrespiratorymdistressmsyndrome m(RDS) mofmthe mnewborn?
a. Consolidation
b. Pulmonarymedema
c. Atelectasis
d. Bronchiolarmpluggingm-manswer-c.mAtelectasis
Exp:mThe mprimarymproblemmismatelectasis,mwhichmcausesmsignificantmhypoxemiamandmismdifficultmformthe m
neonate mtomovercomembecausemamsignificantmnegativeminspiratorympressure mismrequiredmtomopenmthe malv
eolimwithmeachmbreath.mNone mofmthemothermoptionsmaremconsideredmamprimarymproblemmassociatedmwith
m RDS. m page m 1301
Whichmstatementmbestmdescribesmcysticmfibrosis?
a. Obstructive mairwaymdiseasemcharacterizedmbymreversiblemairflowmobstruction,mbronchialmhyperreactivi
ty,mandminflammation
m m m m m m m m m m m
UAL EXAM 350 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANS
m m m m m m m m m
WERS) WITH EXPLNATIONS|ALREADY GRADED A+
m m m m
Whichmof mthe mfollowingmstatementsmbestmdescribesmRaynaudmdisease?
a. Anminflammatorymdisordermofmsmallmandmmedium-sizemarteriesminmthe mfeetmandmsometimesminmthe mhands
b. Amneoplasticmdisordermof mthe mliningmof mthe marteriesmandmveinsmof mthe muppermextremities
c. Amvasospasticmdisordermofmthemsmallmarteriesmandmarteriolesmofmthemfingers,mandmlessmcommonly,mthe mtoes
d. Anmautoimmunemdisordermofmthemlarge marteriesmandmveinsmofmthemuppermandmlowermextremitiesm-manswer-
c.mAmvasospasticmdisordermofmthemsmallmarteriesmandmarteriolesmofmthemfingers,mandmlessmcommonly,mthemtoes
Ampatientmismdiagnosedmwithmpulmonarymdisease mandmelevatedmpulmonarymvascularmresistance.mWhichm
ofmthe mfollowingmheartmfailuresmmaymresultmfrommthismcondition?
a. Rightmheartmfailure
b. Leftmheartmfailure
c. Low-outputmfailure
d. High-outputmfailure m-manswer-a.mRightmheartmfailure
Exp:mRightmheartmfailuremismdefinedmasmtheminabilitymofmthe mrightmventricle mtomprovidemadequatembloodmfl
owmintomthe mpulmonarymcirculationmatmamnormalmcentralmvenousmpressure.mItmmostmoftenmresultsmfrommt
he mleftmheartmfailuremwhenmthemincreaseminmleftmventricularmfillingmpressuremthatmismreflectedmbackmintom
the mpulmonarymcirculationmismsevere menough.mAsmpressure minmthempulmonarymcirculationmrises,mthemresis
tance mtomrightmventricularmemptyingmincreases.
Whatmphysicalmsignmismthe mresultmof mturbulentmbloodmflowmthroughmamvessel?
a. Increasedmbloodmpressure mduringmperiodsmofmstress
b. Boundingmpulse mfeltmonmpalpation
c. Cyanosismobservedmonmexcretion
d. Murmurmheardmonmauscultationm- manswer-d.mMurmurmheardmonmauscultation
Exp:mWhere mflowmismobstructedmthemvesselmturnsmormbloodmflowsmovermroughmsurfaces.mThe mflowmbeco
mesmturbulentmwithmwhorlsmormeddymcurrentsmthatmproduce mnoise mcausingmammurmurmtombemheardmonm
auscultationmsuchmasmoccursmduringmbloodmpressure mmeasurementmwithmamsphygomanometer. mThismsel
ectionmismthemonlymoptionmthatmaccuratelymidentifiesmthemphysicalmsignmof mturbulentmvascularmbloodmflow
.mpgm1113
,Whichmcongenitalmheartmdefectsmoccurminmtrisomym13,mtrisomym18mandmdownmsyndrome?
a. Coarctationmofmthe maortamandmpulmonarymstenosis
b. Tetralogymof mFallotmandmpersistentmtruncusmarteriosus
c. Atrialmseptalmdefectmandmdextrocardia
d. Ventricularmseptalmdefectmandmpatentmductusmarteriosusm-manswer-
d.mVentricularmseptalmdefectmandmpatentmductusmarteriosus
Exp:mCongenitalmheartmdefectsmthatmaremrelatedmtomdysfunctionmofmtrisomym13,mtrisomym18mandmdownms
yndrome minclude mVSDmandmPDAmsee mTable m33-
2mThe mothermdefectsmaremnotmassociatedmwithmdysfunctionmofmtrisomym13morm17mandmdownmsyndrome.m
pgm1200
Anminfantmhasmamcontinuousmmachine/typemmurmurmbestmheardmatmthe mleftmuppermsternalmbordermthro
ughoutmsystolemandmdiastole masmwellmasmamboundingmpulse mandmamthrillmonmpalpation.mThese mclinicalmfin
dingsmare mconsistentmwithmwhichmcongenitalmheartmdefect?
a. Atrialmseptalmdefect
b. Ventricularmseptalmdefect
c. Patentmductusmarteriosus
d. Atrioventricularmcanalmdefectm-manswer-c.mPatentmductusmarteriosus
Exp:mIfmpulmonarymvascularmresistance mhasmfallenmthenminfantsmwithmwillmcharacteristicallymhavemamcont
inuousmmachine/type mmurmurmbestmheardmatmthe mleftmuppermsternalmbordermthroughoutmsystole mandmd
iastole.mIf mthemPDAmismsignificantmthenmthe minfantmalsomwillmhave mboundingmpulsesmanmactive mprecordiu
m,mamthrillmonmpalpationmandmsignsmandmsymptomsmofmpulmonarymovermcirculation.mThempresentationsm
ofmthe mothermcongenitalmheartmdefectsmaremnotmconsistentmwithmthe mdescribedmthemsymptomsmpagesm1
203-1204
WhichmcompensatorymmechanismmismspontaneouslymusedmbymchildrenmdiagnosedmwithmtetralogymofmFallotmto
m relieve m hypoxicm spells?
a. Lyingmonmtheirmleftmside
b. Performingmthe mvalsalvammaneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilatingm-manswer-c.mSquatting
Exp:msquattingmismamspontaneousmcompensatorymmechanismmusedmbymoldermchildrenmtomalleviate mhypoxi
cmspells.mSquattingmandmitsmvariantsmincreasemsystemicmresistance mwhile mdecreasingmvenousmreturnmtomt
he mheartmfrommtheminferiormvenamcava.mThemothermoptionsmwouldmnotmresultminmthese mchanges.mpgm120
9
,Anminfantmdiagnosedmwithmamsmallmpatentmductusmarteriosusmwouldmlikelymexhibitmwhichmsymptom?
a. Intermittentmmurmur
b. Lackmof msymptoms
c. Needmformsurgicalmrepair
d. Triadmof mcongenitalmdefectsm-manswer-b.mLackmofmsymptoms
Exp:mInfantsmwithmamsmallmPDAmusuallymremainmasymptomatic.mpage m1203-1204
Fluidminmthe mpleuralmspace mcharacterizesmwhichmcondition?
a. Pleuralmeffusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemiam-manswer-a.mPleuralmEffusion
Exp:mPleuralmeffusionmismthe mpresence mof mfluidminmthe mpleuralmspace.mpage1254
Whichmmedicationmclassificationmismgenerallymincludedminmthe mtreatmentmofmsilicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorantsm-manswer-a.mCorticosteroids
Exp:mNomspecificmtreatmentmexistsmformsilicosis,malthoughmcorticosteroidsmmaymproduce msome mimprovem
entminmthe mearly,mmore macute mstages.mpage m1259
The mriskmformrespiratorymdistressmsyndromem(RDS) mdecreasesmformprematureminfantsmwhenmtheymare mbo
rnmbetweenmhowmmanymweeksmofmgestation?
a. 16mandm24
b. 20mandm24
c. 24mandm30
d. 30mandm36m-manswer-d.m30mandm36
Exp:mSurfactantmismsecretedmintomfetalmairwaysmbetweenm30mandm36mweeks.mThemothermoptionsmare mnotmtruem
regardingmthe mtimeframe mwhenmthe mriskmformRDSmdecreases.mpage m1292
, Whatmismthe mchief mpredisposingmfactormformrespiratorymdistressmsyndrome m(RDS) mofmthe mnewborn?
a. Lowmbirthmweight
b. Alcoholmconsumptionmduringmpregnanc
c. Premature mbirth
d. Smokingmduringmpregnancym-manswer-a.mPremature mbirth
Exp:mRDSmofmthemnewborn,malsomknownmasmhyaline mmembranemdiseasem(HMD),mismammajormcausemofmmor
biditymandmmortalityminmpremature mnewborns.mpage m1301
Whatmismthe mprimarymcause mofmrespiratorymdistressmsyndrome m(RDS) mof mthe mnewborn?
a. Immature mimmune msystem
b. Smallmalveoli
c. Surfactantmdeficiency
d. Anemiam-manswer-c.mSurfactantmdeficiency
Exp:mRDSmismprimarilymcausedmbymsurfactantmdeficiencymandmsecondarilymbymamdeficiencyminmalveolarmsurf
ace mareamformgasmexchange.mpage m1301
Whatmismthe mprimarymproblemmresultingmfrommrespiratorymdistressmsyndrome m(RDS) mofmthe mnewborn?
a. Consolidation
b. Pulmonarymedema
c. Atelectasis
d. Bronchiolarmpluggingm-manswer-c.mAtelectasis
Exp:mThe mprimarymproblemmismatelectasis,mwhichmcausesmsignificantmhypoxemiamandmismdifficultmformthe m
neonate mtomovercomembecausemamsignificantmnegativeminspiratorympressure mismrequiredmtomopenmthe malv
eolimwithmeachmbreath.mNone mofmthemothermoptionsmaremconsideredmamprimarymproblemmassociatedmwith
m RDS. m page m 1301
Whichmstatementmbestmdescribesmcysticmfibrosis?
a. Obstructive mairwaymdiseasemcharacterizedmbymreversiblemairflowmobstruction,mbronchialmhyperreactivi
ty,mandminflammation
