FULL TEST BANK FOR
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL SEVENTH 7 EDITION
BY BRUCE ALBERTS (AUTHOR), REBECCA HEALD (AUTHOR), ALEXANDER JOHNSON (AUTHOR), & 6
MORE
ALL CHAPTERS 1-24| LATEST VERSION WITH DETAILED ANSWERS| VERIFIED| GRADE A+
,Table Of Contents
Chapter 1: Cells And Genomes ................................................................................................................................................
Chapter 2: Cell Chemistry And Bioenergetics .........................................................................................................................
Chapter 3: Proteins ....................................................................................................................................................................
Chapter 4: Dna, Chromosomes, And Genomes ......................................................................................................................
Chapter 5: Dna Replication, Repair, And Recombination ..........................................................................................................
Chapter 6: How Cells Read The Genome: From Dna To Protein ............................................................................................
Chapter 7: Control Of Gene Expression ................................................................................................................................. 1
Chapter 8: Analyzing Cells, Molecules, And Systems .......................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 9: Visualizing Cells ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 10 Membrane Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 11 Membrane Transport Of Small Molecules And The Electrical Properties Of Membranes.................................. 1
Chapter 12 Intracellular Compartments And Protein Sorting .................................................................................................. 2
Chapter 13 Intracellular Membrane Traffic ......................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 14: Energy Conversion: Mitochondria And Chloroplasts ....................................................................................... 2
Chapter 15: Cell Signaling ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
Chapter 16: The Cytoskeleton ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Chapter 17: The Cell Cycle .................................................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 18: Cell Death .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 19: Cell Junctions And The Extracellular Matrix ....................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 20: Cancer .................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 21: Development Of Multicellular Organisms ............................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 22: Stem Cells And Tissue Renewal ....................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 23: Pathogens And Infection ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 24: The Innate And Adaptive Immune Systems .......................................................................................................... 4
,Molecular Biology Of The Cell, Seventh Edition
Chapter 1: Cells And Genomes
1 Scientists Discover More Than Ten Thousand New Species Of Living Organisms Every
Year. What Is Shared Between All Of These Organisms?
A. They Are Made Of Cells, Whose Nuclei Enclose Their Dna.
B. They Obtain Their Energy From Sunlight.
C. They Produce And Use Adenosine Triphosphate (Atp).
D. Their Genome Contains At Least 1000 Genes.
E. All Of The Above.
2 All Cells …
A. Have Membrane Transport Proteins.
B. Synthesize Proteins On The Ribosome.
C. Replicate Their Genome By Dna Polymerization.
D. Transcribe Their Genetic Information By Rna Polymerization.
E. All Of The Above.
3 Imagine A Segment Of Dna (Within A Gene) Encoding A Certain Amount Of Information
In Its Nucleotide Sequence. When This Segment Is Fully Transcribed Into Mrna And Then
Translated Into Protein, In General, …
A. The Protein Sequence Would Carry More Information Compared To The Dna And
Mrna Sequences, Because Its Alphabet Has 20 Letters.
B. The Protein Sequence Would Carry Less Information Compared To The Dna And Mrna
Sequences, Because Several Codons Can Correspond To One Amino Acid.
C. The Amount Of Information In The Mrna Sequence Is Lower, Because The Mrna Has
Been Transcribed Using Only One Of The Dna Strands As The Template.
D. The Amount Of Information In The Mrna Sequence Is Higher, Because Several Mrna
Molecules Can Be Transcribed From One Dna Molecule.
4 Which Of The Following Processes That Happens Inside A Cell Does Not Normally
Require Consumption Of Free Energy By The Cell?
, A. Replication Of The Genetic Material
B. Import Of Nutrients From The Environment
C. Diffusion Of Small Molecules Within The Cell
D. Regulation Of Gene Expression
E. Synthesis Of Enzymes That Catalyze Cellular Reactions
5 Which Of The Following Would You NOt Expect To Find In A Bacterial Cell?
A. Swimming Using Flagella
B. Having A Cell Wall Around The Plasma Membrane
C. Atp Production In Mitochondria
D. Protein Production On The Ribosome
E. Sexual Exchange Of Dna With Other Bacteria
6 To Trace Family Relationships Between Distantly Related Organisms Such As Humans,
Algae, Bacteria, And Archaea, One Should Compare Their Genomes In Regions …
A. That Evolve Rapidly.
B. That Have A Higher Mutation Rate.
C. That Code For Proteins.
D. Where Mutations Are Hardly Tolerated.
E. Where Most Mutations Are Selectively Neutral.
7 Laboratory Strains Of The Model Organism Escherichia Coli That Are Resistant To
Antibiotics Are Very Often Used In Research Laboratories As Well As In The Biotechnology
Industry. If Cultures Of Such Bacteria Were Allowed To Contaminate The Environment
Uncontrollably, It Is Possible That At Some Point, Pathogenic Bacteria Such As Neisseria
Meningitidis (Which Causes Meningitis And Can Cause Death, Especially In Children) Could
Acquire The Same Antibiotic-Resistance Gene, Causing A Meningitis Outbreak That Is Difficult
To Treat. In This Scenario, Which Of The Following Mechanisms Is A More Likely Source Of
The Antibiotic-Resistance Gene In N. Meningitidis?
A. Random New Gene Generation
B. Intragenic Mutation
C. Gene Duplication
D. Dna Segment Shuffling
E. Horizontal Gene Transfer
8 A Virus …
A. Is A Type Of Cell.
, B. Has Genetic Material Made Of Proteins.
C. Can Only Infect A Single Host Species.
D. Can Act As A Vector For Gene Transfer.
E. Cannot Persist In Its Host For More Than One Cell Generation.
9 Which Of The Following Does Not Typically Involve Horizontal Gene Transfer?
A. Sexual Reproduction In Humans
B. Bacteriophage Infection Of Bacteria
C. The Evolutionary History Of The Eukaryotic Cell
D. The Accidental Duplication Of A Small Region Of A Bacterial Chromosome
Followed By Cell Division
E. Introduction Of Plasmids Into Bacteria In A Laboratory
10 Gene Duplication Can Give Rise To Homologous Genes That Are Part Of Gene Families.
For Example, There Are Six Actin Genes In The Genome Of Most Mammalian Species. In
Humans, The Actb Gene, Which Encodes A Cytoskeletal Actin, Is Expressed Ubiquitously, While
Actc1 Is Expressed Mainly In Cardiac Cells. Although Bacteria Lack The Eukaryotic Cytoskeletal
Organization, The Bacterial Mreb Gene Bears Recognizable Sequence Similarity To Mammalian
Actin Genes And Codes For A Protein That Is Similar To Actin In Structure And Function. Which
Of The Following Statements Is True About These Genes?
A. Actb Is Homologous To Actc1 But Not To Mreb.
B. Actb Is Orthologous To Actc1 But Not To Mreb.
C. Actb Is Paralogous To Actc1 But Not To Mreb.
D. Mreb Is Orthologous To Actb But Not To Actc1.
E. Actb Is Paralogous To Both Actc1 And Mreb.
11 Out Of Nearly 5000 Protein-Coding Gene Families, There Is A Set Of Nearly 300
Conserved Gene Families That Are Found In Species From All Domains Of Life. When One Looks
At The General Functions Assigned To These Gene Families, It Is Found That …
A. The Majority Of Them Function In Cell-To-Cell Signaling.
B. The Majority Of Them Are Poorly Characterized.
C. More Than One-Third Of Them Are Involved In Translation Or Amino Acid
Transport And M Etabolism.
D. More Than One-Half Of The Shared Families Are Involved In Dna Replication
And Transcription.
E. Nearly All Of Them Are Involved In Energy Production And Carbohydrate Metabolism.
,12 Which Of The Following Is True Regarding Escherichia Coli?
A. Most Of Our Understanding About Mitosis Comes From Studies On This Model Organism.
B. It Is A Rod-Shaped Bacterium That Can Only Grow In The Gut Of Humans
And Other Vertebrates.
C. Two Strains Of E. Coli Can Differ By Up To 0.1% In Their
Genomes. D . E. Coli Strain K-12 Encodes About 4300 Proteins.
E. The E. Coli (Strain K-12) Genome Is About 430 Million Nucleotide Pairs Long.
13 Which Of The Following Is Not True Regarding The Tree Of Life?
A. Most Bacteria And Archaea Have 1000 To 6000 Genes In Their Genomes.
B. Eukaryotes Are More Similar To Archaea Than To Bacteria With Respect To The
Proteins That Act On Their Dna.
C. Most Bacteria And Archaea Have Genome Sizes Between One And Ten Million
Nucleotide Pairs, Whereas Eukaryotic Genomes Can Be Millions Of Times Larger.
D. Archaeal Species Were Thought To Belong To The Eukaryotic World Before
Sequence Analysis Placed Them In A Separate Domain Of Life.
E. Photosynthetic Bacteria Are Thought To Be The Ancestors Of The Eukaryotic Chloroplasts.
14 A Mutation In The Cdc28 Gene In The Budding Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Causes
Cell- Cycle Arrest, Giving Rise To Unbudded Cells That Look Like “Dumbbells.” Treatment Of
Wild-Type Cells With Nocodazole, A Drug That Destabilizes Some Cytoskeletal Polymers, Leads
To A Similar Phenotype. Based Only On These Observations, Which Statement Is True Regarding
Cdc28?
A. Cdc28 Codes For A Master Regulatory Kinase That Phosphorylates Other Proteins.
B. Nocodazole Binds To The Protein Coded By The Cdc28 Gene.
C. The Product Of The Cdc28 Gene Is Responsible For Resistance To Nocodazole.
D. The Product Of The Cdc28 Gene Is Involved In Cell Cycle Regulation.
E. The Product Of Cdc28 Destabilizes The Same Cytoskeletal Polymers That
Nocodazole Also Destabilizes.
15 Which Of The Following Structures Is Exclusively Found In Eukaryotic Cells?
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cell Wall
C. Chromosome
D. Ribosome
E. Lysosome
,16 Mitochondria And Chloroplasts Are Thought To Have Evolved From Free-Living Aerobic
Bacteria That Were Engulfed By An Ancestral Anaerobic Cell And Established A Mutually
Beneficial (Symbiotic) Relationship With It. Which Of The Following Statements Is Not True
About These Organelles?
A. They Are Similar In Size To Small Bacteria.
B. They Have Their Own Circular Genomic Dna.
C. They Have Their Own Ribosomes.
D. They Have Their Own Transfer Rnas.
E. They are found in all eukaryotes.
17 In Terms Of Cellular Lifestyle, Different Kingdoms Of Life Can Be Likened To Hunters,
Farmers, And Scavengers. Which Of The Following Is True In This Scheme?
A. The Ancestral Eukaryotic Cell Was A Farmer, But It Turned Into A Hunter Once It
Acquired Mitochondria.
B. Plant Cells Are Considered Scavengers, Because Their Cell Wall Does Not Allow
Them To Move.
C. Most Protozoa Are Hunters, Whereas Animal Cells Are Farmers.
D. The Ancestral Eukaryotic Cell Was A Hunter, But Upon Acquiring Chloroplasts It
Made The Transition Into Farming.
E. Fungi Are Scavengers Without Mitochondria.
18 Comparing The Genomes Of Present-Day Mitochondria Or Chloroplasts With The
Genomes Of Their Corresponding Bacteria Reveals That These Organelles Do Not Have Many Of
The Genes That Are Essential For Their Function. For Instance, They Lack The Many Genes That
Are Required For Dna Replication. What Has Happened To These Genes?
A. They Have Been Lost During Evolution, Since The Organelles No Longer Rely
On Dna Replication.
B. The Required Genes Are Kept In The Nucleus, But Many Have Evolved By Gene
Transfer From The Organelle.
C. These Genes Have Undergone Mutations And Have Changed Beyond Recognition,
But Are Still Present In The Organelle.
D. The Organelles Do Not Replicate Their Dna; They Import New Dna From The Nucleus.
E. The Required Genes Are On Plasmids That Are Separate From The Organelle's Genome.
, 19 Based On The Variation Of Genome Size And Gene Number In The Organisms Presented
In The Following Graph, Which Organism Has The Highest Number Of Genes Per Unit Length
Of Their Genome? (Note The Logarithmic Scale.)
A. H. Sapiens
B. M. Musculus
C. A. Thaliana
D. C. Elegans
E. E. Coli
20 Which Of The Following Groups Of Living Organisms Has The Highest Variation In
Haploid Genome Size?
A. Mammals
B. Fish
C. Fungi
D. Protozoa
E. Prokaryotes
21 All Cells In A Multicellular Organism Have Normally Developed From A Single Cell And
Share The Same Genome, But Can Nevertheless Be Wildly Different In Their Shape And Function.
What In The Eukaryotic Genome Is Responsible For This Cell-Type Diversity?
A. The Genes That Encode Transcription Regulatory Proteins
B. The Regulatory Sequences That Control The Expression Of Genes
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL SEVENTH 7 EDITION
BY BRUCE ALBERTS (AUTHOR), REBECCA HEALD (AUTHOR), ALEXANDER JOHNSON (AUTHOR), & 6
MORE
ALL CHAPTERS 1-24| LATEST VERSION WITH DETAILED ANSWERS| VERIFIED| GRADE A+
,Table Of Contents
Chapter 1: Cells And Genomes ................................................................................................................................................
Chapter 2: Cell Chemistry And Bioenergetics .........................................................................................................................
Chapter 3: Proteins ....................................................................................................................................................................
Chapter 4: Dna, Chromosomes, And Genomes ......................................................................................................................
Chapter 5: Dna Replication, Repair, And Recombination ..........................................................................................................
Chapter 6: How Cells Read The Genome: From Dna To Protein ............................................................................................
Chapter 7: Control Of Gene Expression ................................................................................................................................. 1
Chapter 8: Analyzing Cells, Molecules, And Systems .......................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 9: Visualizing Cells ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 10 Membrane Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 11 Membrane Transport Of Small Molecules And The Electrical Properties Of Membranes.................................. 1
Chapter 12 Intracellular Compartments And Protein Sorting .................................................................................................. 2
Chapter 13 Intracellular Membrane Traffic ......................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 14: Energy Conversion: Mitochondria And Chloroplasts ....................................................................................... 2
Chapter 15: Cell Signaling ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
Chapter 16: The Cytoskeleton ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Chapter 17: The Cell Cycle .................................................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 18: Cell Death .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 19: Cell Junctions And The Extracellular Matrix ....................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 20: Cancer .................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 21: Development Of Multicellular Organisms ............................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 22: Stem Cells And Tissue Renewal ....................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 23: Pathogens And Infection ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 24: The Innate And Adaptive Immune Systems .......................................................................................................... 4
,Molecular Biology Of The Cell, Seventh Edition
Chapter 1: Cells And Genomes
1 Scientists Discover More Than Ten Thousand New Species Of Living Organisms Every
Year. What Is Shared Between All Of These Organisms?
A. They Are Made Of Cells, Whose Nuclei Enclose Their Dna.
B. They Obtain Their Energy From Sunlight.
C. They Produce And Use Adenosine Triphosphate (Atp).
D. Their Genome Contains At Least 1000 Genes.
E. All Of The Above.
2 All Cells …
A. Have Membrane Transport Proteins.
B. Synthesize Proteins On The Ribosome.
C. Replicate Their Genome By Dna Polymerization.
D. Transcribe Their Genetic Information By Rna Polymerization.
E. All Of The Above.
3 Imagine A Segment Of Dna (Within A Gene) Encoding A Certain Amount Of Information
In Its Nucleotide Sequence. When This Segment Is Fully Transcribed Into Mrna And Then
Translated Into Protein, In General, …
A. The Protein Sequence Would Carry More Information Compared To The Dna And
Mrna Sequences, Because Its Alphabet Has 20 Letters.
B. The Protein Sequence Would Carry Less Information Compared To The Dna And Mrna
Sequences, Because Several Codons Can Correspond To One Amino Acid.
C. The Amount Of Information In The Mrna Sequence Is Lower, Because The Mrna Has
Been Transcribed Using Only One Of The Dna Strands As The Template.
D. The Amount Of Information In The Mrna Sequence Is Higher, Because Several Mrna
Molecules Can Be Transcribed From One Dna Molecule.
4 Which Of The Following Processes That Happens Inside A Cell Does Not Normally
Require Consumption Of Free Energy By The Cell?
, A. Replication Of The Genetic Material
B. Import Of Nutrients From The Environment
C. Diffusion Of Small Molecules Within The Cell
D. Regulation Of Gene Expression
E. Synthesis Of Enzymes That Catalyze Cellular Reactions
5 Which Of The Following Would You NOt Expect To Find In A Bacterial Cell?
A. Swimming Using Flagella
B. Having A Cell Wall Around The Plasma Membrane
C. Atp Production In Mitochondria
D. Protein Production On The Ribosome
E. Sexual Exchange Of Dna With Other Bacteria
6 To Trace Family Relationships Between Distantly Related Organisms Such As Humans,
Algae, Bacteria, And Archaea, One Should Compare Their Genomes In Regions …
A. That Evolve Rapidly.
B. That Have A Higher Mutation Rate.
C. That Code For Proteins.
D. Where Mutations Are Hardly Tolerated.
E. Where Most Mutations Are Selectively Neutral.
7 Laboratory Strains Of The Model Organism Escherichia Coli That Are Resistant To
Antibiotics Are Very Often Used In Research Laboratories As Well As In The Biotechnology
Industry. If Cultures Of Such Bacteria Were Allowed To Contaminate The Environment
Uncontrollably, It Is Possible That At Some Point, Pathogenic Bacteria Such As Neisseria
Meningitidis (Which Causes Meningitis And Can Cause Death, Especially In Children) Could
Acquire The Same Antibiotic-Resistance Gene, Causing A Meningitis Outbreak That Is Difficult
To Treat. In This Scenario, Which Of The Following Mechanisms Is A More Likely Source Of
The Antibiotic-Resistance Gene In N. Meningitidis?
A. Random New Gene Generation
B. Intragenic Mutation
C. Gene Duplication
D. Dna Segment Shuffling
E. Horizontal Gene Transfer
8 A Virus …
A. Is A Type Of Cell.
, B. Has Genetic Material Made Of Proteins.
C. Can Only Infect A Single Host Species.
D. Can Act As A Vector For Gene Transfer.
E. Cannot Persist In Its Host For More Than One Cell Generation.
9 Which Of The Following Does Not Typically Involve Horizontal Gene Transfer?
A. Sexual Reproduction In Humans
B. Bacteriophage Infection Of Bacteria
C. The Evolutionary History Of The Eukaryotic Cell
D. The Accidental Duplication Of A Small Region Of A Bacterial Chromosome
Followed By Cell Division
E. Introduction Of Plasmids Into Bacteria In A Laboratory
10 Gene Duplication Can Give Rise To Homologous Genes That Are Part Of Gene Families.
For Example, There Are Six Actin Genes In The Genome Of Most Mammalian Species. In
Humans, The Actb Gene, Which Encodes A Cytoskeletal Actin, Is Expressed Ubiquitously, While
Actc1 Is Expressed Mainly In Cardiac Cells. Although Bacteria Lack The Eukaryotic Cytoskeletal
Organization, The Bacterial Mreb Gene Bears Recognizable Sequence Similarity To Mammalian
Actin Genes And Codes For A Protein That Is Similar To Actin In Structure And Function. Which
Of The Following Statements Is True About These Genes?
A. Actb Is Homologous To Actc1 But Not To Mreb.
B. Actb Is Orthologous To Actc1 But Not To Mreb.
C. Actb Is Paralogous To Actc1 But Not To Mreb.
D. Mreb Is Orthologous To Actb But Not To Actc1.
E. Actb Is Paralogous To Both Actc1 And Mreb.
11 Out Of Nearly 5000 Protein-Coding Gene Families, There Is A Set Of Nearly 300
Conserved Gene Families That Are Found In Species From All Domains Of Life. When One Looks
At The General Functions Assigned To These Gene Families, It Is Found That …
A. The Majority Of Them Function In Cell-To-Cell Signaling.
B. The Majority Of Them Are Poorly Characterized.
C. More Than One-Third Of Them Are Involved In Translation Or Amino Acid
Transport And M Etabolism.
D. More Than One-Half Of The Shared Families Are Involved In Dna Replication
And Transcription.
E. Nearly All Of Them Are Involved In Energy Production And Carbohydrate Metabolism.
,12 Which Of The Following Is True Regarding Escherichia Coli?
A. Most Of Our Understanding About Mitosis Comes From Studies On This Model Organism.
B. It Is A Rod-Shaped Bacterium That Can Only Grow In The Gut Of Humans
And Other Vertebrates.
C. Two Strains Of E. Coli Can Differ By Up To 0.1% In Their
Genomes. D . E. Coli Strain K-12 Encodes About 4300 Proteins.
E. The E. Coli (Strain K-12) Genome Is About 430 Million Nucleotide Pairs Long.
13 Which Of The Following Is Not True Regarding The Tree Of Life?
A. Most Bacteria And Archaea Have 1000 To 6000 Genes In Their Genomes.
B. Eukaryotes Are More Similar To Archaea Than To Bacteria With Respect To The
Proteins That Act On Their Dna.
C. Most Bacteria And Archaea Have Genome Sizes Between One And Ten Million
Nucleotide Pairs, Whereas Eukaryotic Genomes Can Be Millions Of Times Larger.
D. Archaeal Species Were Thought To Belong To The Eukaryotic World Before
Sequence Analysis Placed Them In A Separate Domain Of Life.
E. Photosynthetic Bacteria Are Thought To Be The Ancestors Of The Eukaryotic Chloroplasts.
14 A Mutation In The Cdc28 Gene In The Budding Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Causes
Cell- Cycle Arrest, Giving Rise To Unbudded Cells That Look Like “Dumbbells.” Treatment Of
Wild-Type Cells With Nocodazole, A Drug That Destabilizes Some Cytoskeletal Polymers, Leads
To A Similar Phenotype. Based Only On These Observations, Which Statement Is True Regarding
Cdc28?
A. Cdc28 Codes For A Master Regulatory Kinase That Phosphorylates Other Proteins.
B. Nocodazole Binds To The Protein Coded By The Cdc28 Gene.
C. The Product Of The Cdc28 Gene Is Responsible For Resistance To Nocodazole.
D. The Product Of The Cdc28 Gene Is Involved In Cell Cycle Regulation.
E. The Product Of Cdc28 Destabilizes The Same Cytoskeletal Polymers That
Nocodazole Also Destabilizes.
15 Which Of The Following Structures Is Exclusively Found In Eukaryotic Cells?
A. Plasma Membrane
B. Cell Wall
C. Chromosome
D. Ribosome
E. Lysosome
,16 Mitochondria And Chloroplasts Are Thought To Have Evolved From Free-Living Aerobic
Bacteria That Were Engulfed By An Ancestral Anaerobic Cell And Established A Mutually
Beneficial (Symbiotic) Relationship With It. Which Of The Following Statements Is Not True
About These Organelles?
A. They Are Similar In Size To Small Bacteria.
B. They Have Their Own Circular Genomic Dna.
C. They Have Their Own Ribosomes.
D. They Have Their Own Transfer Rnas.
E. They are found in all eukaryotes.
17 In Terms Of Cellular Lifestyle, Different Kingdoms Of Life Can Be Likened To Hunters,
Farmers, And Scavengers. Which Of The Following Is True In This Scheme?
A. The Ancestral Eukaryotic Cell Was A Farmer, But It Turned Into A Hunter Once It
Acquired Mitochondria.
B. Plant Cells Are Considered Scavengers, Because Their Cell Wall Does Not Allow
Them To Move.
C. Most Protozoa Are Hunters, Whereas Animal Cells Are Farmers.
D. The Ancestral Eukaryotic Cell Was A Hunter, But Upon Acquiring Chloroplasts It
Made The Transition Into Farming.
E. Fungi Are Scavengers Without Mitochondria.
18 Comparing The Genomes Of Present-Day Mitochondria Or Chloroplasts With The
Genomes Of Their Corresponding Bacteria Reveals That These Organelles Do Not Have Many Of
The Genes That Are Essential For Their Function. For Instance, They Lack The Many Genes That
Are Required For Dna Replication. What Has Happened To These Genes?
A. They Have Been Lost During Evolution, Since The Organelles No Longer Rely
On Dna Replication.
B. The Required Genes Are Kept In The Nucleus, But Many Have Evolved By Gene
Transfer From The Organelle.
C. These Genes Have Undergone Mutations And Have Changed Beyond Recognition,
But Are Still Present In The Organelle.
D. The Organelles Do Not Replicate Their Dna; They Import New Dna From The Nucleus.
E. The Required Genes Are On Plasmids That Are Separate From The Organelle's Genome.
, 19 Based On The Variation Of Genome Size And Gene Number In The Organisms Presented
In The Following Graph, Which Organism Has The Highest Number Of Genes Per Unit Length
Of Their Genome? (Note The Logarithmic Scale.)
A. H. Sapiens
B. M. Musculus
C. A. Thaliana
D. C. Elegans
E. E. Coli
20 Which Of The Following Groups Of Living Organisms Has The Highest Variation In
Haploid Genome Size?
A. Mammals
B. Fish
C. Fungi
D. Protozoa
E. Prokaryotes
21 All Cells In A Multicellular Organism Have Normally Developed From A Single Cell And
Share The Same Genome, But Can Nevertheless Be Wildly Different In Their Shape And Function.
What In The Eukaryotic Genome Is Responsible For This Cell-Type Diversity?
A. The Genes That Encode Transcription Regulatory Proteins
B. The Regulatory Sequences That Control The Expression Of Genes
