,Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
h h h h h h h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE
h h
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed
h h h h h h h h h h h
a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3 F, skin rash,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
prescribed.
h
The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
h h h h h
a. a sore throat.
h h
b. streptococcal infection. h
c. genetic susceptibility. h
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B h
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestation of the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
disease process.
h h
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that
h h h h h h h h h h
causes meningitis. This is an example of
h h h h h h h
a. primary prevention. h
b. secondary prevention. h
c. tertiary prevention. h
d. disease treatment. h
ANS: A h
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
h h h h h h h h h h h h
susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening,
h h h h h h h h h h h h
and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
,attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
h h h h h h h h h h
management of the disease once it has developed.
h h h h h h h h
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
exercise program. This is an example of
h h h h h h h
a. primary prevention. h
b. secondary prevention. h
c. tertiary prevention. h
d. disease treatment. h
ANS: B
h
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
h h h h h h h h h h h h
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
h h h h h h h h h h h h
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
h h h h h h h h h h h h
disease once it has developed.
h h h h h
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
sodium intake. This is an example of
h h h h h h h
a. primary prevention. h
b. secondary prevention. h
c. tertiary prevention. h
d. disease treatment. h
ANS: B
h
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes
h h h h h h h h h h h
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
h h h h h h h h h h h
, 5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
lowering medication. This is an example of
h h h h h h
a. primary prevention. h
b. secondary prevention. h
c. tertiary prevention. h
d. disease treatment. h
ANS: C h
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
h h h h h h h h h h h h
restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
h h h h h h h h
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
h h h h h h h h h h h h
susceptibility or reducing expUosuSre fNor sTusceptibOle individuals. Secondary prevention is the
h h h h h h h h h h h
early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves management of
h h h h h h h h h h h h
the disease once it has developed.
h h h h h h
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
of this disease. This stage of illness is called the
h h h stage. h h h h h h h
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
h h
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
happearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
h(latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
honset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
hwhich are associated with a number of different diseases.
h h h h h h h h
Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
h h h h h h h h h
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
h h h h h h h h h h
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
h h h h h h h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE
h h
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed
h h h h h h h h h h h
a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3 F, skin rash,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
prescribed.
h
The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
h h h h h
a. a sore throat.
h h
b. streptococcal infection. h
c. genetic susceptibility. h
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B h
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestation of the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
disease process.
h h
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that
h h h h h h h h h h
causes meningitis. This is an example of
h h h h h h h
a. primary prevention. h
b. secondary prevention. h
c. tertiary prevention. h
d. disease treatment. h
ANS: A h
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
h h h h h h h h h h h h
susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening,
h h h h h h h h h h h h
and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
,attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
h h h h h h h h h h
management of the disease once it has developed.
h h h h h h h h
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
exercise program. This is an example of
h h h h h h h
a. primary prevention. h
b. secondary prevention. h
c. tertiary prevention. h
d. disease treatment. h
ANS: B
h
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
h h h h h h h h h h h h
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
h h h h h h h h h h h h
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
h h h h h h h h h h h h
disease once it has developed.
h h h h h
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
sodium intake. This is an example of
h h h h h h h
a. primary prevention. h
b. secondary prevention. h
c. tertiary prevention. h
d. disease treatment. h
ANS: B
h
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes
h h h h h h h h h h h
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
h h h h h h h h h h h
, 5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
lowering medication. This is an example of
h h h h h h
a. primary prevention. h
b. secondary prevention. h
c. tertiary prevention. h
d. disease treatment. h
ANS: C h
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
h h h h h h h h h h h h
restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
h h h h h h h h
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
h h h h h h h h h h h h
susceptibility or reducing expUosuSre fNor sTusceptibOle individuals. Secondary prevention is the
h h h h h h h h h h h
early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves management of
h h h h h h h h h h h h
the disease once it has developed.
h h h h h h
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
of this disease. This stage of illness is called the
h h h stage. h h h h h h h
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
h h
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
happearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
h(latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
honset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
hwhich are associated with a number of different diseases.
h h h h h h h h
Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
h h h h h h h h h
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
h h h h h h h h h h
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
