NURS 5315 UTA et Exam 1: Concept and
Clinical Complication 2024/2025 Exam
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Action Potential: Hypokalemia leads to what complications - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Potassium leaves the cell leaving behind negative anions, cell
hyperpolarizes making the cell more negative and therefore less excitable
CC: Weakness, Smooth Muscle atony, parathesias (pins and needles),
Cardiac dysrythmias
Action Potential: Hyperkalemia lead to what complications - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Increased potassium will come into the cell and make it more positive,
depolarization will occur taking the RMP closer to the Threshold potential.
This makes cells more excitable.
CC: Peak T waves, Widening QRS Complex, paralysis, paresthesia,
weakness, cardiac dysrhythmia
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVE
,Action Potential: Hypercalcemia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔High calcium (Ca2+)
decreases the cells permeability to Na+ ions. Cell becomes less positive.
Hyper polarized and less excitable
CC: Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, encephalopathy,
Shorted QT segment, Depressed widened T waves
Action Potential: Hypocalcemia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Less Calcium leads to
more per i ability of Na+ ions into the cell. The cell becomes more positive
and depolarizes. Closed to threshold potential means more excitable cells.
CC: Tetany (involuntary contraction of muscle), hyperreflexia, circumoral
paresthesia, seizures, dysrythmias
Atrophy - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔CC: Decreased muscle size due to lack of
exercise or bed ridden, reduced thymus in children as they grow
Hypertrophy - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Physiologic: Increased muscle size when
exercising
Pathologic: cardiomegaly in HTN, kidney growth when one kidney is
removed
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVE
, Hyperplasia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Physiologic: Liver regeneration after
resection, uterine and mammary gland enlargement in pregnancy
Pathologic: Endometrial lining in response to estrogen (Endometrial
Cancer)
Metaplasia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Pathologic: Chronic Smokers Columnar cells
to Squamous cells, Barrett Esophagus (Normal squamous epithelial cells
replaced by columnar cells) in response to heart burn, GERD
Dysplasia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Dysplastic cells of the cervix during a
papsmear, pre cancerous
Sickle Cell Anemia can cause what type of cell injury? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Hypoxic injury
A decrease in the production of red blood cells happens with what type of
conditions? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Iron Deficiency Anemia
Leukemia
Hypoxic injury of the muscle cells including the heart will release which
enzyme? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Creatinine Kinase
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVE
Clinical Complication 2024/2025 Exam
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Action Potential: Hypokalemia leads to what complications - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Potassium leaves the cell leaving behind negative anions, cell
hyperpolarizes making the cell more negative and therefore less excitable
CC: Weakness, Smooth Muscle atony, parathesias (pins and needles),
Cardiac dysrythmias
Action Potential: Hyperkalemia lead to what complications - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Increased potassium will come into the cell and make it more positive,
depolarization will occur taking the RMP closer to the Threshold potential.
This makes cells more excitable.
CC: Peak T waves, Widening QRS Complex, paralysis, paresthesia,
weakness, cardiac dysrhythmia
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVE
,Action Potential: Hypercalcemia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔High calcium (Ca2+)
decreases the cells permeability to Na+ ions. Cell becomes less positive.
Hyper polarized and less excitable
CC: Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, encephalopathy,
Shorted QT segment, Depressed widened T waves
Action Potential: Hypocalcemia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Less Calcium leads to
more per i ability of Na+ ions into the cell. The cell becomes more positive
and depolarizes. Closed to threshold potential means more excitable cells.
CC: Tetany (involuntary contraction of muscle), hyperreflexia, circumoral
paresthesia, seizures, dysrythmias
Atrophy - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔CC: Decreased muscle size due to lack of
exercise or bed ridden, reduced thymus in children as they grow
Hypertrophy - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Physiologic: Increased muscle size when
exercising
Pathologic: cardiomegaly in HTN, kidney growth when one kidney is
removed
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVE
, Hyperplasia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Physiologic: Liver regeneration after
resection, uterine and mammary gland enlargement in pregnancy
Pathologic: Endometrial lining in response to estrogen (Endometrial
Cancer)
Metaplasia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Pathologic: Chronic Smokers Columnar cells
to Squamous cells, Barrett Esophagus (Normal squamous epithelial cells
replaced by columnar cells) in response to heart burn, GERD
Dysplasia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Dysplastic cells of the cervix during a
papsmear, pre cancerous
Sickle Cell Anemia can cause what type of cell injury? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Hypoxic injury
A decrease in the production of red blood cells happens with what type of
conditions? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Iron Deficiency Anemia
Leukemia
Hypoxic injury of the muscle cells including the heart will release which
enzyme? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Creatinine Kinase
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVE
