NSER 7210 Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Graded A+

NSER 7210 Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Graded A+ Factors affecting oxygen supply - Answers Ventilation, perfusion, diffusion Preload - Answers volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole Afterload - Answers The force or resistance against which the heart pumps. Contractility - Answers strength of contraction Factors affecting preload - Answers -Volume/venous return -Atrial kick Factors affecting afterload - Answers -Vessel diameter -Viscosity -Valves Factors affecting contractility - Answers -Starlings law -SNS stimulation -Hx -Meds Factors affecting oxygen demand - Answers -Temp -Pain -Trauma -Illness -Infection -Emotional distress Ectopic pregnancy - Answers Pregnancy where fertilized egg implants itself outside of endometral cavity Heterotopic pregnancy - Answers Coexistance of ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy Hemodynamic shock - Answers acute clinical syndrome initiated by ineffective perfusion, resulting in severe organ dysfunction Signs of hemodynamic shock - Answers hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, cool and clamy extremities, oliguria, dysglycemia, delirium Types of shock - Answers Hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, obstructive 4 major adenergic receptors - Answers Alpha 1- induces vasoconstriction Alpha 2- decreases norepinephine Beta 1- positive chrono-dromo-inotropic properties (increase AV node conduction, HR, and contractility) Beta 2- smooth muscle relaxation (bronchodilator) Inotropic - Answers increase contractility Chronotropic - Answers Increase HR Domotropic - Answers Increase rate of AV node conduction Lusitropic - Answers Increased relaxation of myocardium during diastole Epinephrine - Answers Poternt mixed alpha and beta adrenergic agonist (vasoconstrict and increases rate + contractility) Norepinephrine - Answers Endogenous catecholamine w/ potent alpha and beta adrenergic effects (arterial and venous vasoconstriction w/ minimal increase in HR) Dopamine - Answers Alpha and beta agonist that also stimulates dopaminergic receptors (low dose vasoconstriction and high dose vasocontriction and increased CO) Dobutamine - Answers Synthetic catecholamine thats predominenly beta adenergic w/ limited alpha adenergic effects (increase CO and systemic peripheral vascular resistance) Phenylephrine - Answers Alpha adrenergic agonist (temporary short acting solution to restore BP via vasoconstriction) Vasopressin - Answers Stress hormone released during shock (reverses vasodilation in vasopressor-resitant shock) Crystyalloids - Answers Closely mimic extracellular fluid and classified by tonicity (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic) ex. NS, RL Isotonic fluids - Answers Same tonicity as plasma Hypotonic fluids - Answers Lower solutes than plasma cause fluid shift into intracellular Hypertonic fluid - Answers Higher solutes that plasma cause fluid shift into extracellular Colloids - Answers Contains larger undissolved particles that draw fluid from intracellular and interstitial spaces to increase intravascular vol. (Ex. Albumin) Plasma - Answers Contains albumin, globulins, antibodies, all other plasma proteins, and clotting factors (primarily used when clotting factors required)