Summary Management Chapter 6

Chapter 6: Managing change
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Forces for change



External Internal

 Changing consumer needs  A new organizational
and wants (marketplace) strategy
 New governmental laws  The composition of the
 Changing technology workforce
 Economic changes  New equipment
 Employee attitudes




Definitions

Organizational change: Any alteration of people, structure, or technology in an
organization.
Change agent: Someone who acts as a catalyst and assumes the responsibility for
managing the change process.

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The calm waters metaphor

Suggests that change is an occasional disruption in the
normal flow of events and can be planned and managed as it happens.



Lewin’s threestep model

says change can be managed by
unfreezing the status quo (old
behaviors),
changing to a new state,and
refreezing the new behaviors.


The white-water rapids metaphor

change is ongoing and managing it is a continual process. Organizations
can take a reactive or a proactive change process approach.

Definitions

Reactive change: reacting to a situation that has occurred.
Proactive change: Acting in advance of a situation.