,Chapter 01: Introduction to Preliminary Diagnosis of Oral Lesions
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Ibsen: Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition
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MULTIPLEhCHOICE
1. Whichhdescriptivehtermhishdescribedhashahsegmenththathishparthofhthehwhole?
a. Bulla
b. Vesicle
c. Lobule
d. Pustule
ANS:hC
Ahlobulehishdescribedhashahsegmenthorhlobehthathishparthofhahwhole.hAhbullahishahlarge,helevatedhl
esionhthathcontainshseroushfluidhandhmayhlookhlikehahblister.hAhvesiclehishahsmall,helevatedhlesio
nhthathcontainshseroushfluid.hPustulesharehcircumscribedhelevationshcontaininghpus.
REF:hVocabulary,hClinicalhofhSofthTissuehLesions,hpageh1 OBJ:h1
2. Ahlesionhwithhahsessilehbasehishdescribedhas
a. anhulcer.
b. stemlike.
c. pedunculated.
d. flathandhbroad.
ANS:hD
Sessilehdescribeshthehbasehofhahlesionhthathishflathandhbroad.hAnhulcerhishahbreakhinhthehsurfacehe
pithelium.hAhstemlikehlesionhishreferredhtohashpedunculated.hAhpedunculatedhlesionhishstemlikeh
orhstalk-basedh(similarhtohahmushroom).
REF:hVocabulary,hClinicalhAppearancehofhSofthTissuehLesions,hpageh1hOBJ:h
1
3. Whichhconditionhishnothdiagnosedhthroughhclinicalhappearance?
a. Mandibularhtori
b. Fordycehgranules
c. Blackhhairyhtongue
d. Compoundhodontoma
ANS:hD
Thehcompoundhodontomahishinitiallyhidentifiedhradiographicallyhashahradiopaquehareahinhwhich
htoothhstructurehcanhbehidentified.hNohclinicalhcomponenthexists.hMandibularhtoriharehidentifie
dhclinicallyhashareashofhexostosishonhthehlingualhaspectshofhmandibularhpremolars.hFordycehgran
ulesharehyellowhclustershofhectopichsebaceoushglandshdiagnosedhthroughhclinicalhappearance.h
Blackhhairyhtonguehishdiagnosedhclinically.hThehfiliformhpapillaehonhthehdorsalhtonguehelongateh
andhbecomehbrownhorhblack.hCauseshincludehtobacco,halcohol,hhydrogenhperoxide,hchemicalhri
nses,hantibiotics,handhantacids.
, REF:hhhRadiographichDiagnosis,hpageh9 OBJ:h3
4. Anotherhnamehforhgeographichtonguehis
a. medianhrhomboidhglossitis.
b. benignhmigratoryhglossitis.
c. fissuredhtongue.
d. blackhhairyhtongue.
ANS:hB
Benignhmigratoryhglossitishishanotherhnamehforhgeographichtongue.hResearchhsuggestshthathme
dianhrhomboidhglossitishishassociatedhwithhahchronichfungalhinfectionhfromhCandidahalbicans.hS
ometimeshthehconditionhresolveshwithhantifungalhtherapy.hFissuredhtonguehishseenhinh5%hofhth
ehpopulation.hIthishahvarianthofhnormal.hGenetichfactorsharehtypicallyhassociatedhwithhthehcondit
ion.hBlackhhairyhtonguehishcausedhbyhahreactionhtohchemicals,htobacco,hhydrogenhperoxide,horha
ntacids.hThehfiliformhpapillaehonhthehdorsalhtonguehbecomehelongatedhandharehdarkhbrownhtoh
black.
REF:hGeographichTongue,hpageh24 OBJ:h7
5. Thishbonyhhardhstructurehinhthehmidlinehofhthehhardhpalatehishgenetichinhoriginhandhinheritedhinh
anhautosomalhdominanthmanner.hThehdiagnosishishmadehthroughhclinicalhappearance.hWhichhc
onditionhishsuspected?ha. Palatalhcyst
b. Torushpalatinus
c. Mixedhtumor
d. Ranula
ANS:hB
Ahtorushpalatinushishdevelopmentalhandhbonyhhardhandhishfoundhonhthehmidlinehofhthehpalate.h
Diagnosishishmadehonhthehbasishofhclinicalhappearance.hAhpalatalhcysthappearshradiolucenthonhah
radiographichexaminationhandhishnothdiagnosedhthroughhclinicalhappearance.hAhmixedhtumorho
rhpleomorphichadenomahishahbenignhtumorhofhsalivaryhglandhorigin,hfoundhunilaterallyhoffhtheh
midlinehofhthehhardhpalate.hIthishcomposedhofhtumorhtissuehthathishnothbonyhhardhtohpalpation.h
Ranulahishahtermhusedhforhahmucocele-
likehlesionhthathformshunilaterallyhonhthehfloorhofhthehmouth.
REF:hTorushPalatinus,hpageh21 OBJ:h4
6. Thehgray-
whitehopalescenthfilmhseenhonhthehbuccalhmucosahofh85%hofhblackhadultshishahvarianthofhnormal
hthathrequireshnohtreatmenthandhishtermedha. lineahalba.
b. leukoedema.
c. leukoplakia.
d. whitehspongehnevus.
ANS:hB
Leukoedemahishahdiffusehopalescencehmosthcommonlyhseenhonhthehbuccalhmucosahinhblackhind
ividuals.hLineahalbahishah“whitehline”hthathextendshanteroposteriorlyhonhthehbuccalhmucosahalo
nghthehocclusalhplane.hIthishmosthprominenthinhpatientshwhohhavehahclenchinghorhgrindinghhabit
, .hLeukoplakiahishahclinicalhtermhforhahwhitehlesion,hthehcausehofhwhichhishunknown.hWhitehspong
ehnevushishahgenetich(autosomalhdominant)htrait.hClinically,hithishcharacterizedhbyhahsofthwhite,hf
oldedh(orhcorrugated)horalhmucosa.hAhthickhlayerhofhkeratinhproduceshthehwhitening.
REF:hhhLeukoedema,hpageh23 OBJ:h8
7. Whichhconditionhmosthlikelyhrespondshtohtherapeutichdiagnosis?
a. Angularhcheilitis
b. Amelogenesishimperfecta
c. Pagethdisease
d. Stafnehbonehcyst
ANS:hA
Angularhcheilitishmosthcommonlyhrespondshtohantifungalhtherapyhoncehnutritionalhdeficiencies
hhavehbeenhruledhout.hAmelogenesishimperfectahishahgenetichconditionhassociatedhwithhabnor
malhdevelopmenthofhthehenamel.hPagethdiseasehishahchronichmetabolichbonehdisease.hAhhighlyh
elevatedhserumhalkalinehphosphatasehlevelhcontributeshsignificantlyhtohthehdiagnosis.hAhStafne
hbonehcysthishdeterminedhthroughhsurgicalhdiagnosishinhwhichhentrappedhsalivaryhglandhtissuehi
shidentified.
REF:hhhTherapeutichDiagnosis,hpageh18 OBJ:h3
8. Thehgingivalhenlargementhinhthishpatienthwashcausedhbyhahcalciumhchannelhblocker.hWhichhme
dicationhishthehlikelyhcause?ha. Dilantin
b. Nifedipine
c. Quinidine
d. Clozapine
ANS:hB
Nifedipinehishahcalciumhchannelhblocker.hDilantinhishanhanticonvulsanthusedhtohpreventhorhcontr
olhseizures.hQuinidinehishanhantiarrhythmichagenthusedhtohtreathcardiacharrhythmias.hClozapine
hishanhantipsychotichusedhinhthehmanagementhofhpsychotichsymptomshinhschizophrenia.
REF:hHistoricalhDiagnosis,hFig.h1.38,hpageh17 OBJ:h3
9. Radiographichfeatures,hincludinghcotton-
woolhradiopacitieshandhhypercementosis,harehespeciallyhhelpfulhinhthehdiagnosishofha.
Pagethdisease.
b. dentinogenesishimperfecta.
c. anemia.
d. diabetes.
ANS:hA
Pagethdiseasehishahchronichmetabolichbonehdisease.hRadiographically,hcotton-
woolhradiopacitieshandhhypercementosisharehcharacteristichfeatures.hDentinogenesishimperfec
tahishahgenetichconditionhinvolvinghahdefecthinhthehdevelopmenthofhdentin.hAnemia,hahdecreaseh
inhredhbloodhcells,hrequireshbloodhtestshtohdeterminehthehetiologichfactors.hDiabeteshishahchroni
chdisorderhofhcarbohydratehmetabolismhcharacterizedhbyhabnormallyhhighhbloodhglucosehlevel
s.
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Ibsen: Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition
h h h h h h h h
MULTIPLEhCHOICE
1. Whichhdescriptivehtermhishdescribedhashahsegmenththathishparthofhthehwhole?
a. Bulla
b. Vesicle
c. Lobule
d. Pustule
ANS:hC
Ahlobulehishdescribedhashahsegmenthorhlobehthathishparthofhahwhole.hAhbullahishahlarge,helevatedhl
esionhthathcontainshseroushfluidhandhmayhlookhlikehahblister.hAhvesiclehishahsmall,helevatedhlesio
nhthathcontainshseroushfluid.hPustulesharehcircumscribedhelevationshcontaininghpus.
REF:hVocabulary,hClinicalhofhSofthTissuehLesions,hpageh1 OBJ:h1
2. Ahlesionhwithhahsessilehbasehishdescribedhas
a. anhulcer.
b. stemlike.
c. pedunculated.
d. flathandhbroad.
ANS:hD
Sessilehdescribeshthehbasehofhahlesionhthathishflathandhbroad.hAnhulcerhishahbreakhinhthehsurfacehe
pithelium.hAhstemlikehlesionhishreferredhtohashpedunculated.hAhpedunculatedhlesionhishstemlikeh
orhstalk-basedh(similarhtohahmushroom).
REF:hVocabulary,hClinicalhAppearancehofhSofthTissuehLesions,hpageh1hOBJ:h
1
3. Whichhconditionhishnothdiagnosedhthroughhclinicalhappearance?
a. Mandibularhtori
b. Fordycehgranules
c. Blackhhairyhtongue
d. Compoundhodontoma
ANS:hD
Thehcompoundhodontomahishinitiallyhidentifiedhradiographicallyhashahradiopaquehareahinhwhich
htoothhstructurehcanhbehidentified.hNohclinicalhcomponenthexists.hMandibularhtoriharehidentifie
dhclinicallyhashareashofhexostosishonhthehlingualhaspectshofhmandibularhpremolars.hFordycehgran
ulesharehyellowhclustershofhectopichsebaceoushglandshdiagnosedhthroughhclinicalhappearance.h
Blackhhairyhtonguehishdiagnosedhclinically.hThehfiliformhpapillaehonhthehdorsalhtonguehelongateh
andhbecomehbrownhorhblack.hCauseshincludehtobacco,halcohol,hhydrogenhperoxide,hchemicalhri
nses,hantibiotics,handhantacids.
, REF:hhhRadiographichDiagnosis,hpageh9 OBJ:h3
4. Anotherhnamehforhgeographichtonguehis
a. medianhrhomboidhglossitis.
b. benignhmigratoryhglossitis.
c. fissuredhtongue.
d. blackhhairyhtongue.
ANS:hB
Benignhmigratoryhglossitishishanotherhnamehforhgeographichtongue.hResearchhsuggestshthathme
dianhrhomboidhglossitishishassociatedhwithhahchronichfungalhinfectionhfromhCandidahalbicans.hS
ometimeshthehconditionhresolveshwithhantifungalhtherapy.hFissuredhtonguehishseenhinh5%hofhth
ehpopulation.hIthishahvarianthofhnormal.hGenetichfactorsharehtypicallyhassociatedhwithhthehcondit
ion.hBlackhhairyhtonguehishcausedhbyhahreactionhtohchemicals,htobacco,hhydrogenhperoxide,horha
ntacids.hThehfiliformhpapillaehonhthehdorsalhtonguehbecomehelongatedhandharehdarkhbrownhtoh
black.
REF:hGeographichTongue,hpageh24 OBJ:h7
5. Thishbonyhhardhstructurehinhthehmidlinehofhthehhardhpalatehishgenetichinhoriginhandhinheritedhinh
anhautosomalhdominanthmanner.hThehdiagnosishishmadehthroughhclinicalhappearance.hWhichhc
onditionhishsuspected?ha. Palatalhcyst
b. Torushpalatinus
c. Mixedhtumor
d. Ranula
ANS:hB
Ahtorushpalatinushishdevelopmentalhandhbonyhhardhandhishfoundhonhthehmidlinehofhthehpalate.h
Diagnosishishmadehonhthehbasishofhclinicalhappearance.hAhpalatalhcysthappearshradiolucenthonhah
radiographichexaminationhandhishnothdiagnosedhthroughhclinicalhappearance.hAhmixedhtumorho
rhpleomorphichadenomahishahbenignhtumorhofhsalivaryhglandhorigin,hfoundhunilaterallyhoffhtheh
midlinehofhthehhardhpalate.hIthishcomposedhofhtumorhtissuehthathishnothbonyhhardhtohpalpation.h
Ranulahishahtermhusedhforhahmucocele-
likehlesionhthathformshunilaterallyhonhthehfloorhofhthehmouth.
REF:hTorushPalatinus,hpageh21 OBJ:h4
6. Thehgray-
whitehopalescenthfilmhseenhonhthehbuccalhmucosahofh85%hofhblackhadultshishahvarianthofhnormal
hthathrequireshnohtreatmenthandhishtermedha. lineahalba.
b. leukoedema.
c. leukoplakia.
d. whitehspongehnevus.
ANS:hB
Leukoedemahishahdiffusehopalescencehmosthcommonlyhseenhonhthehbuccalhmucosahinhblackhind
ividuals.hLineahalbahishah“whitehline”hthathextendshanteroposteriorlyhonhthehbuccalhmucosahalo
nghthehocclusalhplane.hIthishmosthprominenthinhpatientshwhohhavehahclenchinghorhgrindinghhabit
, .hLeukoplakiahishahclinicalhtermhforhahwhitehlesion,hthehcausehofhwhichhishunknown.hWhitehspong
ehnevushishahgenetich(autosomalhdominant)htrait.hClinically,hithishcharacterizedhbyhahsofthwhite,hf
oldedh(orhcorrugated)horalhmucosa.hAhthickhlayerhofhkeratinhproduceshthehwhitening.
REF:hhhLeukoedema,hpageh23 OBJ:h8
7. Whichhconditionhmosthlikelyhrespondshtohtherapeutichdiagnosis?
a. Angularhcheilitis
b. Amelogenesishimperfecta
c. Pagethdisease
d. Stafnehbonehcyst
ANS:hA
Angularhcheilitishmosthcommonlyhrespondshtohantifungalhtherapyhoncehnutritionalhdeficiencies
hhavehbeenhruledhout.hAmelogenesishimperfectahishahgenetichconditionhassociatedhwithhabnor
malhdevelopmenthofhthehenamel.hPagethdiseasehishahchronichmetabolichbonehdisease.hAhhighlyh
elevatedhserumhalkalinehphosphatasehlevelhcontributeshsignificantlyhtohthehdiagnosis.hAhStafne
hbonehcysthishdeterminedhthroughhsurgicalhdiagnosishinhwhichhentrappedhsalivaryhglandhtissuehi
shidentified.
REF:hhhTherapeutichDiagnosis,hpageh18 OBJ:h3
8. Thehgingivalhenlargementhinhthishpatienthwashcausedhbyhahcalciumhchannelhblocker.hWhichhme
dicationhishthehlikelyhcause?ha. Dilantin
b. Nifedipine
c. Quinidine
d. Clozapine
ANS:hB
Nifedipinehishahcalciumhchannelhblocker.hDilantinhishanhanticonvulsanthusedhtohpreventhorhcontr
olhseizures.hQuinidinehishanhantiarrhythmichagenthusedhtohtreathcardiacharrhythmias.hClozapine
hishanhantipsychotichusedhinhthehmanagementhofhpsychotichsymptomshinhschizophrenia.
REF:hHistoricalhDiagnosis,hFig.h1.38,hpageh17 OBJ:h3
9. Radiographichfeatures,hincludinghcotton-
woolhradiopacitieshandhhypercementosis,harehespeciallyhhelpfulhinhthehdiagnosishofha.
Pagethdisease.
b. dentinogenesishimperfecta.
c. anemia.
d. diabetes.
ANS:hA
Pagethdiseasehishahchronichmetabolichbonehdisease.hRadiographically,hcotton-
woolhradiopacitieshandhhypercementosisharehcharacteristichfeatures.hDentinogenesishimperfec
tahishahgenetichconditionhinvolvinghahdefecthinhthehdevelopmenthofhdentin.hAnemia,hahdecreaseh
inhredhbloodhcells,hrequireshbloodhtestshtohdeterminehthehetiologichfactors.hDiabeteshishahchroni
chdisorderhofhcarbohydratehmetabolismhcharacterizedhbyhabnormallyhhighhbloodhglucosehlevel
s.
