NS 1410 Exam TTU-QUESTIONS/ANSWERS
(VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST
UPDATE 2024/2025
anthropometry - ✔✔-measurement of skinfold thickness using skinfold calipers or
body circumferences
-least accurate measurement available
-highly dependent on person taking measurement and degree of training
conductivity (bioelectric impedance) - ✔✔-accuracy depends upon several factors
-current hydration status makes results variable
-least invasive and fairly accurate
DXA - ✔✔-first developed to measure bone mineral content and density
-absorption of water, fat mass, and muscle mass differ
-calculated of these body compartments determine % fat
-very accurate assessment of body composition
bod pod - ✔✔-air displacement
-expensive
fat distribution pattern - ✔✔-measured by waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference
-apple shaped fat patterning-upper body; men tend to store fat abdominally- increased
risk for chronic disease
,-pear shaped fat patterning- lower body; no significant risk for chronic diseases; women
tend to store fat in lower body
abdominal - ✔✔_____ fat increases risk for chronic disease
central obesity - ✔✔risk of death/chronic diseases from all causes appears to be the
highest for individuals with _______ which is defined as:
waist circumference:
>40 in for males
>35 in for females
-basal metabolic rate: 60-75%
-thermic effect of food: 5-10%
-energy cost of physical activity: 15-35% - ✔✔components of energy expenditure
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ✔✔-energy expended to maintain basal (resting)
functions of the body
-includes respiration, circulation, maintaining body temp, new cell synthesis, secretion
of hormones, nervous system activity
-primary determinant of this is the amount of lean mass
-more lean body mass, during stress, and periods of growth (childhood and pregnancy) -
✔✔factors that increase BMR
-age and during energy restriction (fasting/starvation) - ✔✔factors that decrease
BMR
, 1-2 lbs per week - ✔✔recommended weight loss rate
-gradual changes in energy intake (500-1000 cal/day deficit)
-regular and appropriate physical activity (30 min/day, 5d/week)
-behavior modification techniques - ✔✔recommendations for weight loss
-limit fat: <30% of total energy intake
-maintain a balanced diet
-eat 500-1000 extra kcal/day
-eat frequently throughout the day
-avoid tobacco (depresses appetite and increases BMR)
-exercise regularly with resistance training - ✔✔recommendations for weight gain
-their rise in popularity is rapid (and their decline)
-they have a special appeal or prestige
-they are or at least sound easy
-they relieve the dieter of all responsibilities and decisions
-they distort, or ignore, basic nutrition principles
-they seldom include a full variety of foods
-if it sounds too good to be true it probably is - ✔✔characteristics of fad diets
leptin - ✔✔-acts to reduce food intake
-produced by body fat and acts to reduce food intake
-less effect of this found in obese
(VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST
UPDATE 2024/2025
anthropometry - ✔✔-measurement of skinfold thickness using skinfold calipers or
body circumferences
-least accurate measurement available
-highly dependent on person taking measurement and degree of training
conductivity (bioelectric impedance) - ✔✔-accuracy depends upon several factors
-current hydration status makes results variable
-least invasive and fairly accurate
DXA - ✔✔-first developed to measure bone mineral content and density
-absorption of water, fat mass, and muscle mass differ
-calculated of these body compartments determine % fat
-very accurate assessment of body composition
bod pod - ✔✔-air displacement
-expensive
fat distribution pattern - ✔✔-measured by waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference
-apple shaped fat patterning-upper body; men tend to store fat abdominally- increased
risk for chronic disease
,-pear shaped fat patterning- lower body; no significant risk for chronic diseases; women
tend to store fat in lower body
abdominal - ✔✔_____ fat increases risk for chronic disease
central obesity - ✔✔risk of death/chronic diseases from all causes appears to be the
highest for individuals with _______ which is defined as:
waist circumference:
>40 in for males
>35 in for females
-basal metabolic rate: 60-75%
-thermic effect of food: 5-10%
-energy cost of physical activity: 15-35% - ✔✔components of energy expenditure
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ✔✔-energy expended to maintain basal (resting)
functions of the body
-includes respiration, circulation, maintaining body temp, new cell synthesis, secretion
of hormones, nervous system activity
-primary determinant of this is the amount of lean mass
-more lean body mass, during stress, and periods of growth (childhood and pregnancy) -
✔✔factors that increase BMR
-age and during energy restriction (fasting/starvation) - ✔✔factors that decrease
BMR
, 1-2 lbs per week - ✔✔recommended weight loss rate
-gradual changes in energy intake (500-1000 cal/day deficit)
-regular and appropriate physical activity (30 min/day, 5d/week)
-behavior modification techniques - ✔✔recommendations for weight loss
-limit fat: <30% of total energy intake
-maintain a balanced diet
-eat 500-1000 extra kcal/day
-eat frequently throughout the day
-avoid tobacco (depresses appetite and increases BMR)
-exercise regularly with resistance training - ✔✔recommendations for weight gain
-their rise in popularity is rapid (and their decline)
-they have a special appeal or prestige
-they are or at least sound easy
-they relieve the dieter of all responsibilities and decisions
-they distort, or ignore, basic nutrition principles
-they seldom include a full variety of foods
-if it sounds too good to be true it probably is - ✔✔characteristics of fad diets
leptin - ✔✔-acts to reduce food intake
-produced by body fat and acts to reduce food intake
-less effect of this found in obese
