AMERICAN POLITICS AND THE US
CONSTITUTION - C963 WGU
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
natrualhrightsh-hans--✔✔Life,hLiberty,handhProperty
JohnhLockeh-hans--
✔✔17thhcenturyhEnglishhphilosopherhwhohopposedhthehDivinehRighthofhKingshandhwhohass
ertedhthathpeoplehhavehahnaturalhrighthtohlife,hliberty,handhproperty.
StatehofhNatureh-hans--
✔✔Hypotheticalhconditionhassumedhtohexisthinhthehabsencehofhgovernmenthwherehhumanh
beingshlivehinh"complete"hfreedomhandhgeneralhequality.
DuehProcessh-hans--
✔✔involveshthehgovernment'shobligationhtohtreathallhcitizenshfairly.hSuchhahrequirementhles
senshthehextenthtohwhichhgovernmenthpowerhcanhbehexercisedhoverhthehindividual,hmakingh
thehpowerhdifferentialhbetweenhthehtwohmorehfair,handhensuringhahgeneralhsensehofhpolitical
hequality
SocialhContracth-hans--
✔✔Ahvoluntaryhagreementhamonghindividualshtohsecurehtheirhrightshandhwelfarehbyhcreatin
ghahgovernmenthandhabidinghbyhitshrules.
ThomashHobbesh(1588-1679)h-hans--
✔✔Onehofhthehfirsthindividualshtohcontributehtohthehideahofhthehsocialhcontracthwashahpre-
EnlightenmenthEnglishhphilosopher
Leviathanh(1651):hThomashHobbesh-hans--
✔✔Hobbeshargueshthathsocietyhishnothsomethinghnaturalhandhimmutable,hbuthratherhithishso
methinghcreatedhbyhus.
LaborhMovementh-hans--
✔✔thehformationhofhlaborhunions,hduringhtheh1880's,hforhthehworkershtohreceivehbetterhtreat
menthby
,Constitutionh-hans--
✔✔Ahdocumenthwhichhspellshouththehprincipleshbyhwhichhahgovernmenthrunshandhthehfund
amentalhlawshthathgovernhahsociety
BillhofhRightsh-hans--✔✔ThehfirsthtenhamendmentshtohthehConstitution
DeclarationhofhIndependenceh-hans--
✔✔thehdocumenthrecordinghthehproclamationhofhthehsecondhContinentalhCongressh(4hJuly
h1776)hassertinghthehindependencehofhthehcolonieshfromhGreathBritain
ThomashJeffersonh-hans--✔✔WrotehthehDeclarationhofhIndependence
Shays'shRebellionh(1786-1787)h-hans--
✔✔whichhalmosthresultedhinhpotentialhmobhrule,hsuggestedhtherehmighthbehtoohmuchhdem
ocracyhathplay,handhthathmaybehindividualhlibertyhwashgoinghtoohfar
ArticleshofhConfederationh-hans--
✔✔AhweakhconstitutionhthathgovernedhAmericahduringhthehRevolutionaryhWar.
Federalisthno.h51h-hans--
✔✔Argueshthathseparationhofhpowershwithinhthehnationalhgovernmenthishthehbesthwayhtohpr
evenththehconcentrationhofhpowerhinhthehhandshofhonehpersonhorhahsinglehgroup.
FirsthAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔Congresshshallhmakehnohlawhrespectinghanhestablishmenthofhreligion,horhprohibitinghth
ehfreehexercisehthereof;horhabridginghthehfreedomhofhspeech,horhofhthehpress;horhthehrighthofh
thehpeoplehpeaceablyhtohassemble,handhtohpetitionhthehgovernmenthforhahredresshofhgrieva
nces.
SecondhAmendmenth-hans--✔✔Righthtohkeephandhbearharms
ThirdhAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔Thehgovernmenthmayhnothhousehsoldiershinhprivatehhomeshwithouthconsenthofhthehown
er
ForthhAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔Ithprotectshpeoplehagainsthunfairhsearcheshofhtheirhhomes;hsearchhandhseizure.
FifthhAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔Ahconstitutionalhamendmenthdesignedhtohprotecththehrightshofhpersonshaccusedhofhcrim
es,hincludinghprotectionhagainsthdoublehjeopardy,hself-
incrimination,handhpunishmenthwithouthduehprocesshofhlaw.
SixthhAmendmenth-hans--✔✔Righthtohahspeedyhandhpublichtrial
SeventhhAmendmenth-hans--✔✔Righthtohahtrialhbyhjuryhinhcivilhcases
,EighthhAmendmenth-hans--✔✔Nohcruelhandhunusualhpunishment
NinethhAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔peopleshrightsharehnothjusthlimitedhtohthosehlistedhinhthehConstitutionhandhBillhofhRights
TenthhAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔Amendmenthstatinghthaththehpowershnothdelegatedhtohthehfederalhgov.harehreservedhtoht
hehstates
bicameralhlegislatureh-hans--
✔✔Ahlawhmakinghbodyhmadehofhtwohhousesh(bihmeansh2).hExample:hCongressh(ourhlegisla
ture)hishmadehofhtwohhouseh-hThehHousehofhRepresentativeshandhThehSenate.
HousehofhRepresentativesh-hans--
✔✔thehlowerhhousehofhCongress,hconsistinghofhahdifferenthnumberhofhrepresentativeshfrom
heachhstate,hdependinghonhpopulation
NewhJerseyhPlanh-hans--✔✔Proposalhtohcreatehahweakhnationalhgovernment
VirginiahPlanh-hans--✔✔Proposalhtohcreatehahstronghnationalhgovernment
ConstitutionalhConventionh-hans--
✔✔Meetinghinh1787hofhthehelectedhrepresentativeshofhthehthirteenhoriginalhstateshtohwriteht
hehConstitutionhofhthehUnitedhStates.
unicameralhlegislatureh-hans--✔✔One-househlegislature
Three-FifthshCompromiseh-hans--✔✔Agreemenththatheachhslavehcountedhashthree-
fifthshofhahpersonhinhdetermininghrepresentationhinhthehHousehforhrepresentationhandhtaxati
onhpurposesh(negatedhbyhtheh13thhamendment)
CheckshandhBalancesh-hans--
✔✔Ahsystemhthathallowsheachhbranchhofhgovernmenthtohlimiththehpowershofhthehotherhbran
cheshinhorderhtohpreventhabusehofhpower
SeparationhofhPowersh-hans--
✔✔Constitutionalhdivisionhofhpowershamonghthehlegislative,hexecutive,handhjudicialhbranch
es,hwithhthehlegislativehbranchhmakinghlaw,hthehexecutivehapplyinghandhenforcinghthehlaw,h
andhthehjudiciaryhinterpretinghthehlaw
federalhsystemh-hans--
✔✔Ahgovernmenththathdivideshthehpowershofhgovernmenthbetweenhthehnationalhgovernme
nthandhstatehorhprovincialhgovernments
, enumeratedhpowersh-hans--
✔✔ThehpowershexplicitlyhgivenhtohCongresshinhthehConstitution.
reservedhpowersh-hans--✔✔Powershgivenhtohthehstatehgovernmenthalone
Federalistsh-hans--
✔✔SupportershofhthehConstitutionhthathwerehledhbyhAlexanderhHamiltonhandhJohnhAdams.
hTheyhfirmlyhbelievedhthehnationalhgovernmenthshouldhbehstrong.hTheyhdidn'thwanththehBillh
ofhRightshbecausehtheyhfelthcitizens'hrightshwerehalreadyhwellhprotectedhbyhthehConstitution
.
Anti-Federalistsh-hans--
✔✔OpponentshofhthehAmericanhConstitutionhaththehtimehwhenhthehstateshwerehcontemplati
nghitshadoption.
Ratificationh-hans--
✔✔Formalhapproval,hfinalhconsenthtohtheheffectivenesshofhahconstitution,hconstitutionalham
endment,horhtreaty
Republich-hans--✔✔Ahformhofhgovernmenthinhwhichhcitizenshchoosehtheirhleadershbyhvoting
HabeashCorpush-hans--✔✔Constitutionalhprotectionhagainsthunlawfulhimprisonment
FederalisthPapersh-hans--
✔✔Ahcollectionhofh85harticleshwrittenhbyhAlexanderhHamilton,hJohnhJay,handhJameshMadis
onhunderhthehnameh"Publius"htohdefendhthehConstitutionhinhdetail.
FederalisthNo.h10h-hans--
✔✔AnhessayhcomposedhbyhJameshMadisonhwhichhargueshthathlibertyhishsafesthinhahlargehr
epublichbecausehmanyhinterestsh(factions)hexist.hSuchhdiversityhmakeshtyrannyhbyhthehmaj
orityhmorehdifficulthsincehrulinghcoalitionshwillhalwayshbehunstable.
LegislativehBranchh(Congress)h-hans--✔✔makeshlaws,himposeshtaxes,handhdeclareshwar
JudicialhBranchh(SupremehCourt)h-hans--
✔✔interpretshthehconstitutionhandhotherhlaws,hreviewshlower-courthdecisions
ExecutivehBranchh(President)h-hans--✔✔hashthehpowerhtohenforcehthehlaw
ExecutivehOrdersh-hans--
✔✔Formalhordershissuedhbyhthehpresidenthtohdirecthactionhbyhthehfederalhbureaucracy.
checkshonhthehexecutivehbranchh-hans--✔✔ByhCongressh
Canhoverridehahpresidentialhvetohbyhahtwo-thirdshvotehinhbothhchambersh
Musthapprovehtreatieshbyhahtwo-thirdshvotehinhthehSenateh
CONSTITUTION - C963 WGU
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
natrualhrightsh-hans--✔✔Life,hLiberty,handhProperty
JohnhLockeh-hans--
✔✔17thhcenturyhEnglishhphilosopherhwhohopposedhthehDivinehRighthofhKingshandhwhohass
ertedhthathpeoplehhavehahnaturalhrighthtohlife,hliberty,handhproperty.
StatehofhNatureh-hans--
✔✔Hypotheticalhconditionhassumedhtohexisthinhthehabsencehofhgovernmenthwherehhumanh
beingshlivehinh"complete"hfreedomhandhgeneralhequality.
DuehProcessh-hans--
✔✔involveshthehgovernment'shobligationhtohtreathallhcitizenshfairly.hSuchhahrequirementhles
senshthehextenthtohwhichhgovernmenthpowerhcanhbehexercisedhoverhthehindividual,hmakingh
thehpowerhdifferentialhbetweenhthehtwohmorehfair,handhensuringhahgeneralhsensehofhpolitical
hequality
SocialhContracth-hans--
✔✔Ahvoluntaryhagreementhamonghindividualshtohsecurehtheirhrightshandhwelfarehbyhcreatin
ghahgovernmenthandhabidinghbyhitshrules.
ThomashHobbesh(1588-1679)h-hans--
✔✔Onehofhthehfirsthindividualshtohcontributehtohthehideahofhthehsocialhcontracthwashahpre-
EnlightenmenthEnglishhphilosopher
Leviathanh(1651):hThomashHobbesh-hans--
✔✔Hobbeshargueshthathsocietyhishnothsomethinghnaturalhandhimmutable,hbuthratherhithishso
methinghcreatedhbyhus.
LaborhMovementh-hans--
✔✔thehformationhofhlaborhunions,hduringhtheh1880's,hforhthehworkershtohreceivehbetterhtreat
menthby
,Constitutionh-hans--
✔✔Ahdocumenthwhichhspellshouththehprincipleshbyhwhichhahgovernmenthrunshandhthehfund
amentalhlawshthathgovernhahsociety
BillhofhRightsh-hans--✔✔ThehfirsthtenhamendmentshtohthehConstitution
DeclarationhofhIndependenceh-hans--
✔✔thehdocumenthrecordinghthehproclamationhofhthehsecondhContinentalhCongressh(4hJuly
h1776)hassertinghthehindependencehofhthehcolonieshfromhGreathBritain
ThomashJeffersonh-hans--✔✔WrotehthehDeclarationhofhIndependence
Shays'shRebellionh(1786-1787)h-hans--
✔✔whichhalmosthresultedhinhpotentialhmobhrule,hsuggestedhtherehmighthbehtoohmuchhdem
ocracyhathplay,handhthathmaybehindividualhlibertyhwashgoinghtoohfar
ArticleshofhConfederationh-hans--
✔✔AhweakhconstitutionhthathgovernedhAmericahduringhthehRevolutionaryhWar.
Federalisthno.h51h-hans--
✔✔Argueshthathseparationhofhpowershwithinhthehnationalhgovernmenthishthehbesthwayhtohpr
evenththehconcentrationhofhpowerhinhthehhandshofhonehpersonhorhahsinglehgroup.
FirsthAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔Congresshshallhmakehnohlawhrespectinghanhestablishmenthofhreligion,horhprohibitinghth
ehfreehexercisehthereof;horhabridginghthehfreedomhofhspeech,horhofhthehpress;horhthehrighthofh
thehpeoplehpeaceablyhtohassemble,handhtohpetitionhthehgovernmenthforhahredresshofhgrieva
nces.
SecondhAmendmenth-hans--✔✔Righthtohkeephandhbearharms
ThirdhAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔Thehgovernmenthmayhnothhousehsoldiershinhprivatehhomeshwithouthconsenthofhthehown
er
ForthhAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔Ithprotectshpeoplehagainsthunfairhsearcheshofhtheirhhomes;hsearchhandhseizure.
FifthhAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔Ahconstitutionalhamendmenthdesignedhtohprotecththehrightshofhpersonshaccusedhofhcrim
es,hincludinghprotectionhagainsthdoublehjeopardy,hself-
incrimination,handhpunishmenthwithouthduehprocesshofhlaw.
SixthhAmendmenth-hans--✔✔Righthtohahspeedyhandhpublichtrial
SeventhhAmendmenth-hans--✔✔Righthtohahtrialhbyhjuryhinhcivilhcases
,EighthhAmendmenth-hans--✔✔Nohcruelhandhunusualhpunishment
NinethhAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔peopleshrightsharehnothjusthlimitedhtohthosehlistedhinhthehConstitutionhandhBillhofhRights
TenthhAmendmenth-hans--
✔✔Amendmenthstatinghthaththehpowershnothdelegatedhtohthehfederalhgov.harehreservedhtoht
hehstates
bicameralhlegislatureh-hans--
✔✔Ahlawhmakinghbodyhmadehofhtwohhousesh(bihmeansh2).hExample:hCongressh(ourhlegisla
ture)hishmadehofhtwohhouseh-hThehHousehofhRepresentativeshandhThehSenate.
HousehofhRepresentativesh-hans--
✔✔thehlowerhhousehofhCongress,hconsistinghofhahdifferenthnumberhofhrepresentativeshfrom
heachhstate,hdependinghonhpopulation
NewhJerseyhPlanh-hans--✔✔Proposalhtohcreatehahweakhnationalhgovernment
VirginiahPlanh-hans--✔✔Proposalhtohcreatehahstronghnationalhgovernment
ConstitutionalhConventionh-hans--
✔✔Meetinghinh1787hofhthehelectedhrepresentativeshofhthehthirteenhoriginalhstateshtohwriteht
hehConstitutionhofhthehUnitedhStates.
unicameralhlegislatureh-hans--✔✔One-househlegislature
Three-FifthshCompromiseh-hans--✔✔Agreemenththatheachhslavehcountedhashthree-
fifthshofhahpersonhinhdetermininghrepresentationhinhthehHousehforhrepresentationhandhtaxati
onhpurposesh(negatedhbyhtheh13thhamendment)
CheckshandhBalancesh-hans--
✔✔Ahsystemhthathallowsheachhbranchhofhgovernmenthtohlimiththehpowershofhthehotherhbran
cheshinhorderhtohpreventhabusehofhpower
SeparationhofhPowersh-hans--
✔✔Constitutionalhdivisionhofhpowershamonghthehlegislative,hexecutive,handhjudicialhbranch
es,hwithhthehlegislativehbranchhmakinghlaw,hthehexecutivehapplyinghandhenforcinghthehlaw,h
andhthehjudiciaryhinterpretinghthehlaw
federalhsystemh-hans--
✔✔Ahgovernmenththathdivideshthehpowershofhgovernmenthbetweenhthehnationalhgovernme
nthandhstatehorhprovincialhgovernments
, enumeratedhpowersh-hans--
✔✔ThehpowershexplicitlyhgivenhtohCongresshinhthehConstitution.
reservedhpowersh-hans--✔✔Powershgivenhtohthehstatehgovernmenthalone
Federalistsh-hans--
✔✔SupportershofhthehConstitutionhthathwerehledhbyhAlexanderhHamiltonhandhJohnhAdams.
hTheyhfirmlyhbelievedhthehnationalhgovernmenthshouldhbehstrong.hTheyhdidn'thwanththehBillh
ofhRightshbecausehtheyhfelthcitizens'hrightshwerehalreadyhwellhprotectedhbyhthehConstitution
.
Anti-Federalistsh-hans--
✔✔OpponentshofhthehAmericanhConstitutionhaththehtimehwhenhthehstateshwerehcontemplati
nghitshadoption.
Ratificationh-hans--
✔✔Formalhapproval,hfinalhconsenthtohtheheffectivenesshofhahconstitution,hconstitutionalham
endment,horhtreaty
Republich-hans--✔✔Ahformhofhgovernmenthinhwhichhcitizenshchoosehtheirhleadershbyhvoting
HabeashCorpush-hans--✔✔Constitutionalhprotectionhagainsthunlawfulhimprisonment
FederalisthPapersh-hans--
✔✔Ahcollectionhofh85harticleshwrittenhbyhAlexanderhHamilton,hJohnhJay,handhJameshMadis
onhunderhthehnameh"Publius"htohdefendhthehConstitutionhinhdetail.
FederalisthNo.h10h-hans--
✔✔AnhessayhcomposedhbyhJameshMadisonhwhichhargueshthathlibertyhishsafesthinhahlargehr
epublichbecausehmanyhinterestsh(factions)hexist.hSuchhdiversityhmakeshtyrannyhbyhthehmaj
orityhmorehdifficulthsincehrulinghcoalitionshwillhalwayshbehunstable.
LegislativehBranchh(Congress)h-hans--✔✔makeshlaws,himposeshtaxes,handhdeclareshwar
JudicialhBranchh(SupremehCourt)h-hans--
✔✔interpretshthehconstitutionhandhotherhlaws,hreviewshlower-courthdecisions
ExecutivehBranchh(President)h-hans--✔✔hashthehpowerhtohenforcehthehlaw
ExecutivehOrdersh-hans--
✔✔Formalhordershissuedhbyhthehpresidenthtohdirecthactionhbyhthehfederalhbureaucracy.
checkshonhthehexecutivehbranchh-hans--✔✔ByhCongressh
Canhoverridehahpresidentialhvetohbyhahtwo-thirdshvotehinhbothhchambersh
Musthapprovehtreatieshbyhahtwo-thirdshvotehinhthehSenateh
