TEST BANK OF WOUND MANAGAMENT PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE 2024/2025 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)

TEST BANK OF WOUND MANAGAMENT PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE 2024/2025 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+) Which statement correctly describes tetanus? A. Its incubation period is 4 to 8 weeks. B. It results from a bacillus found in the saliva of nonimmunized animals. C. It can be destroyed using sterilization. D. It is a systemic infection caused by Clostridium tetani. - ANS--Tetanus is a systemic infection caused by Clostridium tetani. The bacillus is a gram-positive, sporeforming, anaerobe. C. tetani spores are present in soil, mulch, and anywhere animal or human excrement is found. Rabies is a virus found in the saliva of infected mammals. Once activated, Clostridium tetani is virtually indestructible, even by sterilization. The incubation period for tetanus is 2 days to 2 weeks. For rabies, it is 4 to 8 weeks. Which skin layer is the key layer for wound healing? A. Stratum corneum B. Epidermis C. Dermis D. Deep fascia - ANS--The dermis, which is much thicker than the epidermis, is primarily composed of connective tissue and is the key layer for wound healing. Removal of debris and devitalized tissue from the dermis results in optimal healing and minimal scar formation. The epidermis is the outermost layer and protects against chemicals and microorganisms. The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum corneum, which gives skin its cosmetic appearance. The deep fascia is part of the subcutaneous layer and covers and protects underlying muscles. Which statement accurately characterizes wound care? A. A tetanus-prone wound can result from a crushing mechanism. B. Uncomplicated minor wounds require prophylactic antibiotics. C. Tetanus toxoid provides passive immunization against tetanus. D. The most effective intervention to reduce the risk of infection is antibiotic administration. - ANS--A tetanus-prone wound can result from a crushing mechanism. Tetanus-prone wounds also include those that are more than 6 hours old, are stellate or avulsed, are caused by missiles, show obvious signs of infection, have devitalized tissue, or contain contaminants, such as dirt, feces, soil, or saliva. Uncomplicated minor wounds do not require prophylactic antibiotics. Meticulous wound care, debridement, proper wound closure, and dressings are the most important infection-control techniques for minor wounds. Tetanus toxoid provides active immunization, whereas tetanus immune globulin (TIG) provides passive immunization. The most effective intervention to reduce the risk of infection is thorough wound cleansing. The use of antibiotics for all acute wounds is controversial. Which injury is a severe avulsion? A. Road rash B. Degloving C. Compartment syndrome D. Abscess - ANS--A degloving injury is a severe avulsion in which the skin is peeled away from the hand, foot, or a greater portion of an extremity. This injury results in devascularization of the skin and underlying tissue damage. Road rash is the most severe of all abrasions. Compartment syndrome results when extensive extremity contusions or a puncture wound into the fascia causes compression of the nerves and blood vessels in an enclosed space. An abscess is a localized collection of pus beneath the skin. Which intervention is appropriate for a patient with a large "road rash" on the leg from a motorcycle crash? A. Procedural sedation B. Wound infiltration C. Topical anesthetic application D. Local nerve block administration - ANS--The most severe of all abrasions is a "road rash." This may result in almost 100% tissue loss and, in extreme cases, requires care at a burn center. Because of the extent of this injury, procedural sedation is most beneficial to patient care. Wound infiltration is not an option due to the extent of tissue loss. Because the injured area is large, a topical anesthetic probably would not be effective. Local nerve block or digital block is not appropriate for this patient. Which agent added to the anesthetic decreases pain during injection or infiltration? A. Benzoin B. Epinephrine 1% C. Cocaine D. Sodium bicarbonate 8.4% - ANS--Adding sodium bicarbonate 8.4%, warming the anesthetic to room temperature, and slowly infiltrating the wound can decrease the discomfort of local anesthesia. Epinephrine is commonly added to lidocaine to prolong the duration of local anesthesia, provide hemostasis, slow anesthetic absorption, and increase the level of anesthetic blockade. Epinephrine does not decrease the discomfort of infiltration. Cocaine is a component of the topical anesthetic TAC (tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine) and is not used during anesthetic injection or infiltration. Tincture of benzoin applied to both sides of the wound improves the adhesion of tape closures (Steri-Strips).