Test Bank For Essentials of Radiation, Biology and Protection
Chapter 1 Radiobiology History
CHAPTER 1 RADIOBIOLOGY HISTORY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is the branch of science concerned with the methods of interaction and the
effects of ionizing radiation on living systems?
a. radiobiology c. physics
b. biology d. epidemiology
ANS: A PTS: 1
2. Which of the following is credited with the discovery of x-rays in 1895?
a. Antoine Henri Becquerel c. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
b. Pierre and Marie Curie d. Thomas Edison
ANS: C PTS: 1
3. Which of the following is credited with the observance of rays being given off by a
uranium-containing substance in 1896?
a. Antoine Henri Becquerel c. Pierre and Marie Curie
b. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen d. Clarence Dally
ANS: A PTS: 1
4. Which of the following is credited with the discovery of radium in 1898?
a. Antoine Henri Becquerel c. Pierre and Marie Curie
b. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen d. Clarence Dally
ANS: C PTS: 1
5. Which of the following, an assistant to Thomas Edison, died of complications from exposure to
radiation?
a. Clarence Dally c. Mihram Kassabian
b. William Rollins d. Marie Curie
ANS: A PTS: 1
6. Which of the following, in 1906, observed the effects of radiation by exposing rodent testicles to
x-rays?
a. Bergonie & Tribondeau c. Regaud
b. Ancel & Vitemberger d. Muller
ANS: A PTS: 1
7. Which of the following, in 1925, observed the effects of radiation by exposing mammals to x-rays?
a. Bergonie & Tribondeau c. Regaud
b. Ancel & Vitemberger d. Muller
ANS: B PTS: 1
1
,Test Bank For Essentials of Radiation, Biology and Protection
Chapter 1 Radiobiology History
8. Which of the following, in the 1920s, observed the effects of radiation by exposing sheep testicles to
x-rays?
a. Bergonie & Tribondeau c. Regaud
b. Ancel & Vitemberger d. Muller
ANS: C PTS: 1
9. Which of the following, in 1927, observed the effects of radiation by exposing fruit flies to x-rays?
a. Bergonie & Tribondeau c. Regaud
b. Ancel & Vitemberger d. Muller
ANS: D PTS: 1
10. Which of the following, in the 1940s, observed the effects of radiation in the presence of oxygen?
a. Rick c. Puck & Marcus
b. Lea d. Elkind & Sutton-Gilbert
ANS: A PTS: 1
11. Which of the following, in 1946, did research on the hydrolysis of water?
a. Rick c. Puck & Marcus
b. Lea d. Elkind & Sutton-Gilbert
ANS: B PTS: 1
12. Which of the following, in 1956, observed the effects of radiation by exposing human uterine cervix
cells to x-rays?
a. Rick c. Puck & Marcus
b. Lea d. Elkind & Sutton-Gilbert
ANS: C PTS: 1
13. Regaud discovered that if original doses were broken up into smaller doses spread out over a period of
time, animals would become sterile, but with considerably less damage to their skin. This is known as
which of the following?
a. fractionation theory c. oxygen effect
b. mutagenesis d. reproductive failure
ANS: A PTS: 1
14. Muller discovered that radiation-induced mutations were the same as those produced in nature. This
is known as which of the following?
a. fractionation c. oxygen effect
b. mutagenesis d. reproductive failure
ANS: B PTS: 1
15. Rick discovered that oxygen increases the cell-killing effect of a given dose of radiation. This is
known as which of the following?
2
,Test Bank For Essentials of Radiation, Biology and Protection
Chapter 1 Radiobiology History
a. fractionation c. oxygen effect
b. mutagenesis d. reproductive failure
ANS: C PTS: 1
16. Lea discovered that hydrolysis of water resulted in free radical formation. This is known as which of
the following?
a. fractionation c. oxygen effect
b. mutagenesis d. mechanism of indirect action
ANS: D PTS: 1
17. The Law of Bergonie infers which of the following?
a. stem cells are more radiosensitive than mature cells
b. older tissues and organs are more radiosensitive than younger tissues and organs
c. the lower the metabolic activity of a cell, the more radiosensitive it is
d. the lower the proliferation and growth rate for tissues, the lower the radiosensitivity
ANS: A PTS: 1
18. Which of the following is a measure of the ionization of air created by x- and gamma-radiation?
a. Roentgen (R) c. rem
b. rad d. curie
ANS: A PTS: 1
19. Which of the following describes the energy that is absorbed in matter from any type of ionizing
radiation, and is considered the unit of absorbed dose?
a. Roentgen (R) c. rem
b. rad d. curie
ANS: B PTS: 1
20. Which of the following is the unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure?
a. Roentgen (R) c. rem
b. rad d. curie
ANS: C PTS: 1
21. Which of the following is the SI unit for Roentgen (R)?
a. coulomb/kilogram c. sievert
b. gray d. becquerel
ANS: A PTS: 1
22. Which of the following is the SI unit for the rad?
a. coulomb/kilogram c. sievert
b. gray d. becquerel
ANS: B PTS: 1
3
, Test Bank For Essentials of Radiation, Biology and Protection
Chapter 1 Radiobiology History
23. Which of the following is the SI unit for the rem?
a. coulomb/kilogram c. sievert
b. gray d. becquerel
ANS: C PTS: 1
24. Which of the following is the SI unit for the curie?
a. coulomb/kilogram c. sievert
b. gray d. becquerel
ANS: D PTS: 1
25. What is the current annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure?
a. 0.05 rem c. 5 rem
b. 0.5 rem d. 50 rem
ANS: C PTS: 1
4
Chapter 1 Radiobiology History
CHAPTER 1 RADIOBIOLOGY HISTORY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is the branch of science concerned with the methods of interaction and the
effects of ionizing radiation on living systems?
a. radiobiology c. physics
b. biology d. epidemiology
ANS: A PTS: 1
2. Which of the following is credited with the discovery of x-rays in 1895?
a. Antoine Henri Becquerel c. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
b. Pierre and Marie Curie d. Thomas Edison
ANS: C PTS: 1
3. Which of the following is credited with the observance of rays being given off by a
uranium-containing substance in 1896?
a. Antoine Henri Becquerel c. Pierre and Marie Curie
b. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen d. Clarence Dally
ANS: A PTS: 1
4. Which of the following is credited with the discovery of radium in 1898?
a. Antoine Henri Becquerel c. Pierre and Marie Curie
b. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen d. Clarence Dally
ANS: C PTS: 1
5. Which of the following, an assistant to Thomas Edison, died of complications from exposure to
radiation?
a. Clarence Dally c. Mihram Kassabian
b. William Rollins d. Marie Curie
ANS: A PTS: 1
6. Which of the following, in 1906, observed the effects of radiation by exposing rodent testicles to
x-rays?
a. Bergonie & Tribondeau c. Regaud
b. Ancel & Vitemberger d. Muller
ANS: A PTS: 1
7. Which of the following, in 1925, observed the effects of radiation by exposing mammals to x-rays?
a. Bergonie & Tribondeau c. Regaud
b. Ancel & Vitemberger d. Muller
ANS: B PTS: 1
1
,Test Bank For Essentials of Radiation, Biology and Protection
Chapter 1 Radiobiology History
8. Which of the following, in the 1920s, observed the effects of radiation by exposing sheep testicles to
x-rays?
a. Bergonie & Tribondeau c. Regaud
b. Ancel & Vitemberger d. Muller
ANS: C PTS: 1
9. Which of the following, in 1927, observed the effects of radiation by exposing fruit flies to x-rays?
a. Bergonie & Tribondeau c. Regaud
b. Ancel & Vitemberger d. Muller
ANS: D PTS: 1
10. Which of the following, in the 1940s, observed the effects of radiation in the presence of oxygen?
a. Rick c. Puck & Marcus
b. Lea d. Elkind & Sutton-Gilbert
ANS: A PTS: 1
11. Which of the following, in 1946, did research on the hydrolysis of water?
a. Rick c. Puck & Marcus
b. Lea d. Elkind & Sutton-Gilbert
ANS: B PTS: 1
12. Which of the following, in 1956, observed the effects of radiation by exposing human uterine cervix
cells to x-rays?
a. Rick c. Puck & Marcus
b. Lea d. Elkind & Sutton-Gilbert
ANS: C PTS: 1
13. Regaud discovered that if original doses were broken up into smaller doses spread out over a period of
time, animals would become sterile, but with considerably less damage to their skin. This is known as
which of the following?
a. fractionation theory c. oxygen effect
b. mutagenesis d. reproductive failure
ANS: A PTS: 1
14. Muller discovered that radiation-induced mutations were the same as those produced in nature. This
is known as which of the following?
a. fractionation c. oxygen effect
b. mutagenesis d. reproductive failure
ANS: B PTS: 1
15. Rick discovered that oxygen increases the cell-killing effect of a given dose of radiation. This is
known as which of the following?
2
,Test Bank For Essentials of Radiation, Biology and Protection
Chapter 1 Radiobiology History
a. fractionation c. oxygen effect
b. mutagenesis d. reproductive failure
ANS: C PTS: 1
16. Lea discovered that hydrolysis of water resulted in free radical formation. This is known as which of
the following?
a. fractionation c. oxygen effect
b. mutagenesis d. mechanism of indirect action
ANS: D PTS: 1
17. The Law of Bergonie infers which of the following?
a. stem cells are more radiosensitive than mature cells
b. older tissues and organs are more radiosensitive than younger tissues and organs
c. the lower the metabolic activity of a cell, the more radiosensitive it is
d. the lower the proliferation and growth rate for tissues, the lower the radiosensitivity
ANS: A PTS: 1
18. Which of the following is a measure of the ionization of air created by x- and gamma-radiation?
a. Roentgen (R) c. rem
b. rad d. curie
ANS: A PTS: 1
19. Which of the following describes the energy that is absorbed in matter from any type of ionizing
radiation, and is considered the unit of absorbed dose?
a. Roentgen (R) c. rem
b. rad d. curie
ANS: B PTS: 1
20. Which of the following is the unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure?
a. Roentgen (R) c. rem
b. rad d. curie
ANS: C PTS: 1
21. Which of the following is the SI unit for Roentgen (R)?
a. coulomb/kilogram c. sievert
b. gray d. becquerel
ANS: A PTS: 1
22. Which of the following is the SI unit for the rad?
a. coulomb/kilogram c. sievert
b. gray d. becquerel
ANS: B PTS: 1
3
, Test Bank For Essentials of Radiation, Biology and Protection
Chapter 1 Radiobiology History
23. Which of the following is the SI unit for the rem?
a. coulomb/kilogram c. sievert
b. gray d. becquerel
ANS: C PTS: 1
24. Which of the following is the SI unit for the curie?
a. coulomb/kilogram c. sievert
b. gray d. becquerel
ANS: D PTS: 1
25. What is the current annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure?
a. 0.05 rem c. 5 rem
b. 0.5 rem d. 50 rem
ANS: C PTS: 1
4
