A LEVEL CHEMISTRY EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS   alkali - A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions, OH- (aq) ions. alkanes - The homologous series with the general formula: CnH2n+2. alkyl group - An alkane with a hydrogen atom

A LEVEL CHEMISTRY EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS   alkali - A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions, OH- (aq) ions. alkanes - The homologous series with the general formula: CnH2n+2. alkyl group - An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed, e.g. CH3, C2H5; alkyl groups are often shown as 'R'. amount of substance - The quantity whose unit of the mole. Chemists use 'amount of substance' as a means of counting atoms. anhydrous - A substance that contains no water molecules. anion - A negatively charged ion. atom economy - atom economy = molecular mass of the desired product ×100 sum of molecular masses of all products atomic orbital - A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins. atomic (proton) number - The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom   acid - A species that is a proton donor. activation energy - The minimum amount of kinetic energy that particles need to have in order to react when they collide addition polymer - A very long molecular chain formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers). addition polymerisation - The process in which unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers) add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time to form a very long saturated molecular chain (the addition polymer). addition reaction - A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule. adsorption - The process that occurs when a gas, liquid or solute is held to the surface of a solid or, more rarely, a liquid. alicyclic hydrocarbon - A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure. aliphatic hydrocarbon - answerA hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains. acid - answerA species that is a proton donor. activation energy - answerThe minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds. addition polymer - answerA very long molecular chain formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers). addition polymerisation - answerThe process in which unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers) add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time to form a very long saturated molecular chain (the addition polymer). addition reaction - answerA reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule. adsorption - answerThe process that occurs when a gas, liquid or solute is held to the surface of a solid or, more rarely, a liquid. alicyclic hydrocarbon - answerA hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure. aliphatic hydrocarbon - answerA hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains. alkali - answerA type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions, OH- (aq) ions. alkanes - answerThe homologous series with the general formula: CnH2n+2.