🌿
Week 7 Chemie
Organische chemie; aldehyden, ketonen, amines en carbonzuren
Hoofdstuk 15 Aldehydes and Ketones
The presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) (a functional group that has a carbon atom joined to an
oxygen atom by a double bond) distinguishes carbonyl compounds (any compound that contains a
carbonyl group) from other organic compounds ; carbonyl compounds are then classified according to
what is bonded to the carbonyl carbon.
There are 2 groups of carbonyl compounds : aldehydes (A compound that has a carbonyl group
bonded to at least one hydrogen) and ketones (a compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to 2
carbons in organic groups that can be the same of different) which have similar properties because
their carbonyl groups are bonded to atoms that do not attract electrons strongly. In the second group
Week 7 Chemie 1
, are carboxylic acids, esters and amides. The carbonyl group carbon in these compounds is bonded to
an atom that does attract electrons strongly.
PROPERTIES OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
Aldehyde and ketone molecules are polar due to the presence of the carbonyl group
Since aldehydes and ketones cannot hydrogen bond with one another they have lower boiling
points than alcohols but higher boiling points than alkanes because of dipole dipole interactions
Common aldehydes and ketones are typically liquids
Simple aldehydes and ketones are water-soluble due to hydrogen bonding with water molecules,
and ketones are good solvents for many polar and nonpolar solutes
Many aldehydes and ketones have distinctive odors
Simple ketones are less toxic than simple aldehydes.
Hoofdstuk 16 Amines
Amines contain one or more organic groups bonded to nitrogen; they have the general formula RNH2,
R2NH and R3N made out of NH3. In general they are classified according to how many organic groups
are individually bound directly to the nitrogen atom as
Primary alkyl amines (RNH2) are named by identifying the alkyl group attached to nitrogen and adding
the suffix -amine to the alkyl group name.
Simple nonheterocyclic secondary (R2NH) and tertiary (R3N) amines (those possessing 2 or 3 identical
groups on the nitrogen, respectively) are named by adding the appropriate prefix di, tri.. to the alkyl
group name along with the suffix -amine.
When the R groups in secondary or tertiary amines are different, the compounds are named as N-
substituted derivatives of a primary amine. The parent compound chosen as the primary amine based
on the R group containing the longest carbon chain; all other groups are considered to be N-
substituents.
Week 7 Chemie 2
Week 7 Chemie
Organische chemie; aldehyden, ketonen, amines en carbonzuren
Hoofdstuk 15 Aldehydes and Ketones
The presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) (a functional group that has a carbon atom joined to an
oxygen atom by a double bond) distinguishes carbonyl compounds (any compound that contains a
carbonyl group) from other organic compounds ; carbonyl compounds are then classified according to
what is bonded to the carbonyl carbon.
There are 2 groups of carbonyl compounds : aldehydes (A compound that has a carbonyl group
bonded to at least one hydrogen) and ketones (a compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to 2
carbons in organic groups that can be the same of different) which have similar properties because
their carbonyl groups are bonded to atoms that do not attract electrons strongly. In the second group
Week 7 Chemie 1
, are carboxylic acids, esters and amides. The carbonyl group carbon in these compounds is bonded to
an atom that does attract electrons strongly.
PROPERTIES OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
Aldehyde and ketone molecules are polar due to the presence of the carbonyl group
Since aldehydes and ketones cannot hydrogen bond with one another they have lower boiling
points than alcohols but higher boiling points than alkanes because of dipole dipole interactions
Common aldehydes and ketones are typically liquids
Simple aldehydes and ketones are water-soluble due to hydrogen bonding with water molecules,
and ketones are good solvents for many polar and nonpolar solutes
Many aldehydes and ketones have distinctive odors
Simple ketones are less toxic than simple aldehydes.
Hoofdstuk 16 Amines
Amines contain one or more organic groups bonded to nitrogen; they have the general formula RNH2,
R2NH and R3N made out of NH3. In general they are classified according to how many organic groups
are individually bound directly to the nitrogen atom as
Primary alkyl amines (RNH2) are named by identifying the alkyl group attached to nitrogen and adding
the suffix -amine to the alkyl group name.
Simple nonheterocyclic secondary (R2NH) and tertiary (R3N) amines (those possessing 2 or 3 identical
groups on the nitrogen, respectively) are named by adding the appropriate prefix di, tri.. to the alkyl
group name along with the suffix -amine.
When the R groups in secondary or tertiary amines are different, the compounds are named as N-
substituted derivatives of a primary amine. The parent compound chosen as the primary amine based
on the R group containing the longest carbon chain; all other groups are considered to be N-
substituents.
Week 7 Chemie 2
