AQA AS HISTORY 7041/2J America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877 Component 2J The origins of the American Civil War, c1845–1861 Version: 1.0 Final IB/M/Jun23/E5 7041/2J AS HISTORY America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877QUESTION PAPER & MARKING SCHEME/ [MERGED

AQA AS HISTORY 7041/2J America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877 Component 2J The origins of the American Civil War, c1845–1861 Version: 1.0 Final IB/M/Jun23/E5 7041/2J AS HISTORY America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877 Component 2J The origins of the American Civil War, c1845–1861 Tuesday 23 May 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7041/2J. • Answer two questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Information • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • The maximum mark for this paper is 50. • You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice • You are advised to spend about: – 50 minutes on Section A – 40 minutes on Section B. 2 IB/M/Jun23/7041/2J Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From an article in a Southern newspaper, ‘The Daily Despatch’, published in Richmond, Virginia, 1 June 1852, two months after the publication of ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ by Harriet Beecher Stowe. The Northern States will very soon be inundated by a flood of pro-abolition novels. The effect they will have upon the opinions, the politics, the peace and happiness of the people will be beyond calculation and will drive the anti-slavery movement forward. The Union will yet again be placed in great danger by the tremendous revival of anti-slavery sentiment that we are currently witnessing. There is now great fear that all of the toil, all of the very difficult uphill work that led to the Compromise of 1850 will be wasted. That Compromise will become meaningless. The battles for the Union, and for the Constitution, will have to be fought all over again. 5 Source B From ‘The Impending Crisis of the South’, by Hinton Rowan Helper, 1857. Helper was from North Carolina. The book was published at his own expense in New York City. Except in a very slight degree, I do not speak with any reference to the humanitarian or religious aspects of abolition, I speak on behalf of the majority of Southern whites, those who are poor or of moderate means – the plain folk of the Old South. For the free-soilers and the abolitionists are in reality the only true friends of the South; and the slave-holders and the slave-breeders are the downright enemies of their own cause. Anti-slavery men are working for the Union and for the good of the whole world; pro-slavery men are working for the disunion of the States, and for the good of nothing but themselves. 5 0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, which of these two sources is more valuable in explaining Southern attitudes to the rise of the abolitionist movement in the 1850s? [25 marks] 3 IB/M/Jun23/7041/2J Section B Answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Either 0 2 ‘The main reason for tensions between North and South, in the years 1845 to 1848, was westward expansion.’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks] or 0 3 ‘The Southern States were responsible for the outbreak of Civil War in 1861.’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks] END OF QUESTIONS 4 IB/M/Jun23/7041/2J There are no questions printed on this page Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team. Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. *236A7041/2J* AS HISTORY 7041/2J America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877 Component 2J The origins of the American Civil War, c1845–1861 Mark scheme June 2023 Version: 1.0 Final *236A7041/2J/MS* MARK SCHEME – AS HISTORY – 7041/2J – JUNE 2023 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Lead Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this mark scheme are available from Copyright information AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre. Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. MARK SCHEME – AS HISTORY – 7041/2J – JUNE 2023 3 Level of response marking instructions Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level. There are marks in each level. Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme. Step 1 Determine a level Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With practice and familiarity, you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the lower levels of the mark scheme. When assigning a level, you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within the level, ie if the response is predominantly Level 3 with a small amount of Level 4 material it would be placed in Level 3 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the Level 4 content. Step 2 Determine a mark Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to allocate marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used dur