Test Bank for Essentials of Geology Earth Science, 13th Edition (Tarbuck, 2024) All Chapters Covered, Latest Guide A+.

Test Bank for Essentials of Geology Earth Science, 13th Edition (Tarbuck, 2024) All Chapters Covered, Latest Guide A+. Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck) Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science 1) What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? A) Physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past. B) Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface. C) Physical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate movements in the geologic past; historical geology charts how and where the plates were moving in the past. D) none of the above – physical geology and historical geology are essentially the same. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 What Is Earth Science? Bloom's: Analyzing 2) The study of Earth's atmosphere is known as ________. A) astronomy B) oceanography C) meteorology D) cosmology Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 What Is Earth Science? Bloom's: Remembering 3) A ________ is a well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations. A) hypothesis B) generalization C) law D) theory Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 1.3 The Nature of Scientific Inquiry Bloom's: Remembering 2 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation except for ________. A) the collection of scientific facts through observation and measurement B) assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation or observation C) the development of one or more working hypotheses or models to explain facts D) development of observations and experiments to test the hypotheses Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.3 The Nature of Scientific Inquiry Bloom's: Analyzing 5) The ________ explains how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles. A) protogalactic theory B) nebular theory C) extrastellar solar hypothesis D) planetary compression theory Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.5 Early Evolution of Earth Bloom's: Remembering 6) The ________ refers to the sum total of all life on Earth. A) hydrosphere B) atmosphere C) biosphere D) asthenosphere Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: 1.6 Earth's Spheres Bloom's: Remembering 7) In correct order from the center outward, Earth includes which units? A) core, inner mantle, outer mantle, crust B) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust C) inner core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere D) core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.7 A Closer Look at the Geosphere Bloom's: Remembering 3 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8) The composition of the Earth's inner core is thought to be ________. A) basalt B) granite C) peridotite D) solid iron-nickel alloy Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 1.7 A Closer Look at the Geosphere Bloom's: Remembering 9) The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ________ of the Earth. A) outer core B) crust C) inner core D) mantle Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 1.7 A Closer Look at the Geosphere Bloom's: Remembering 10) The ________ is thought to be a liquid, metallic region in the Earth's interior. A) inner core B) lithosphere C) mantle D) outer core Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 1.7 A Closer Look at the Geosphere Bloom's: Remembering 11) The ________ is the thinnest layer of the Earth. A) crust B) outer core C) mantle D) inner core Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: 1.7 A Closer Look at the Geosphere Bloom's: Remembering 4 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 12) The ________ forms the relatively cool, brittle tectonic plates. A) asthenosphere B) lithosphere C) astrosphere D) eosphere Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.7 A Closer Look at the Geosphere Bloom's: Remembering 13) Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates? A) gravitational attractive forces of the Sun and Moon B) electrical and magnetic fields localized in the inner core C) export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere D) swirling movements of the molten iron particles in the outer core Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: 1.7 A Closer Look at the Geosphere Bloom's: Remembering 14) Flat, expansive regions on a continent, composed of deformed crystalline (igneous intrusive and metamorphic) rock, are known as ________. A) cratons B) shields C) platforms D) belts Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.8 The Face of Earth Bloom's: Remembering 15) Active mountain belts are most likely to be found ________. A) along the margins of continents B) in the interior regions of continents C) scattered throughout continents D) along only the eastern margins of continents Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: 1.8 The Face of Earth Bloom's: Remembering 5 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) The continental shelf is located ________. A) between the continental slope and continental rise B) between the continental rise and the abyssal plains C) seaward of the continental slope D) landward of the continental slope Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 1.8 The Face of Earth Bloom's: Remembering 17) The most prominent feature on the ocean floor are the ________. A) deep-ocean trenches B) oceanic ridges C) seamounts D) lava plateaus Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.8 The Face of Earth Bloom's: Remembering 18) A(n) ________ system is one in which energy moves freely in and out, but no matter enters or leaves the system. A) closed B) open C) feedback D) equilibrated Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: 1.9 Earth as a System Bloom's: Remembering .