Adult Health Nursing 6th Edition Barbara Lauritsen Test Bank

Chapter 01: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The anatomical term ____ means toward the midline. a. anterior b. posterior c. medial d. cranial ANS: C Definition—toward the midline. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1, 2, Figure 1-2 OBJ: 2 TOP: Anatomical terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 2. The smallest living components in our body are a. cells. b. organs. c. electrons. d. osmosis. ANS: A Cells are considered to be the smallest living units of structure and function in our body. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 4 OBJ: 1 TOP: Structural levels of organization KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 3. The largest organelle, responsible for cell reproduction and control of other organelles, is the a. nucleus. b. ribosome. c. mitochondrion. d. Golgi apparatus. ANS: A The nucleus is the largest organelle within the cell. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 6 OBJ: 1 TOP: Parts of the cell KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 4. A patient complains of pain in her bladder. In which body cavity are the bladder, lower colon, rectum, and urinary and reproductive systems located? a. Pelvic b. Mediastinum c. Pleural d. Abdominal ANS: A A subdivision called the pelvic cavity contains the lower portion of the large intestine (lower sigmoid colon, rectum), urinary bladder, and internal structures of the reproductive system. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 2, Table 1-1 OBJ: 14 TOP: Body cavities KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 5. The four phases of cell division all occur in a. diffusion. b. mitosis. c. osmosis. d. filtration. ANS: B During mitosis, the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 7, Figure 1-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Cell division KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 6. Telophase is which phase of cell reproduction during mitosis? a. First phase b. Latent phase c. Final phase d. Spindle phase ANS: C During mitosis, the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 8, Figure 1-9 OBJ: 5 TOP: Cell division KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 7. The muscle tissue cells that are nonstriated and appear in the viscera or internal organs, such as the walls of the intestines, are a. skeletal. b. glial. c. smooth. d. fibrous. ANS: C Visceral (smooth) muscles are nonstriated and have a smooth appearance. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 11, Figure 1-12, C OBJ: 7 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 8. A group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that together they can perform a more complex function than any tissue alone is called a(n) a. organ. b. system. c. cell. d. endoplasmic reticulum. ANS: A When several kinds of tissues are united to perform a more complex function than any tissue alone, they are called organs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 12 OBJ: 6 TOP: Organs KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 9. Visceral muscles are a. smooth and voluntary. b. smooth and involuntary. c. striated and voluntary. d. striated and involuntary. ANS: B Visceral (smooth) muscles will not function at will; thus, they act involuntarily. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 11 OBJ: 6 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 10. The thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by the a. pleura. b. diaphragm. c. spinal column. d. peritoneum. ANS: B The diaphragm (a muscle directly beneath the lungs) separates the ventral cavity into the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 2, Figure 1-3 OBJ: 14 TOP: Ventral cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 11. The section of biology dealing with human structure is a. psychiatry. b. anatomy. c. surgery. d. physiology. ANS: B Anatomy is the study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the body. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1 OBJ: 1 TOP: Terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 12. ____ explains the processes and functions of many structures of the body and how they interact with one another. a. Anatomy b. Mitosis c. Filtration d. Physiology ANS: D Physiology explains the processes and functions of the various structures and how they interrelate with one another. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1 OBJ: 2 TOP: Terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 13. The doctor tells the nurse that the patient is complaining of pain in the thoracic cavity. The patient is complaining of pain in the thoracic cavity. The anatomical structure(s) which is/are not in the thoracic cavity is/are the _____. a. Heart b. Lungs c. Blood vessels d. Small intestine ANS: D The small intestine is located in the abdominal cavity. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Pages 2-3, Figure 1-3, Table 1-1 OBJ: 14 TOP: Ventral cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 14. When several organs and parts are grouped together for certain functions, they form a. tissues. b. systems. c. cells. d. membranes. ANS: B A system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that together they can perform complex functions for the body. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Pages 4-5, 15 OBJ: 11 TOP: Systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 15. The plasma membrane is constructed so that a. it is strong enough to keep the cell whole. b. nutrients can enter and waste products can leave. c. only oxygen can pass through. d. blood cells can pass through. ANS: A The plasma membrane is strong enough to keep the cell whole and intact. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 5 OBJ: 4 TOP: Cells KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 16. In anatomical terminology, posterior means a. toward the tail. b. toward the head. c. toward the back. d. below the trunk. ANS: C The posterior is toward the back. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1, Figure 1-2 OBJ: 13 TOP: Anatomical terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 17. The transverse imaginary body plane a. divides front and back (coronal) of the body. b. divides the body lengthwise (two equal halves). c. divides superior and inferior portions of the body. d. divides the body into axial and appendicular. ANS: C The transverse plane cuts the body horizontally into the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the body into caudal and cranial portions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 2, Figure 1-2 OBJ: 14 TOP: Body planes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 18. Caudal is defined as toward the ____. a. head b. feet c. tail d. chest ANS: C Toward the “tail,” the distal portion of the spine. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1 OBJ: 3 TOP: Anatomical terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity