Samenvatting
● Renkema & Schubert: CH4 (4.1-4.4), CH4 (4.5-4.7), CH6, (6.1-6.2), CH6 (6.3-6.7), CH11
● Upton (direct mail letters)
● Van Eemeren et al. (2002): CH1, CH2, CH3, CH5
● Kennedy: Introduction
● Van Haaften: Argumentative strategies and stylistic devices
● Taboada: Discourse markers as signals of rhetorical relations
,Week 1
- Renkema & Schubert, chap. 4 Discourse classification (4.1-4.4)
- Renkema & Schubert, chap. 11 Narratives
Discourse classification
Three main discourse types:
Functie: perauasief
Vorm: argumentatie
→ Gaat uit van functie
→ too simple to form as basic scheme: the functions seldom occur in their pure forms
Functions according to Jakobson (1960)
→ Gaat uit van functie
Gebaseerd op basic
communicatie model:
A → boodschap → B
Emotive = expressive
- Message goes form addresser (emotive: attitude of the addresser) to addressee
(the orientation towards the addresser)
- Context: referential (a reference to something in the world)
- Message: poetic (language use)
- Channel, contact: phatic (language is used to check the channel)
- Code: metalingual (language is focused on the code self)
- Symbolic signs (words)
- Discourse types: constitute a limited number of categories, generalized and abstract
- Genres: form an open-ended list, concrete and specific
Werlich’s discourse typology (classification) (1982)
, Dimensions of Biber (1982)
1. Interactive vs. affective genres
2. Narrative (many past-tense
verbs and third person
pronouns) vs. non-narrative
texts
3. Highly explicit
context-independent texts
4. All texts with persuasive
elements
5. Features like passives characterize the abstract formal style
Discourse differences
→ It is used for all forms of oral and written communication
- Writing takes longer than speaking
- Writers do not have contact with readers
Integration (written text) vs. fragmentation (verbal interaction)
Spoken interaction: shared situation (both speakers and hearers are involved)
Right way to study discourse (Bakhtin)→ view discourse as dialogic
- In written discourse utterances are responses to other utterances
- Polyphony: multivoicedness of texts (different viewpoints)
Narratives
→ According to Organon-model: function expression
Narrator
→ A sequence of events and actions that took place in the past
Labov (1967)
- Purpose: to find out of there were correlations between the social characteristics of
storytellers and the structure of their personal stories
Narration:
→ one method of recapitulating past experience by matching a verbal sequence of
clauses to the sequence of events which actually occurred
Labov’s story structure:
1. Abstract What is the story about?
2. Orientation Who, when, what, where?
3. Complicating action Then what happened?
4. Evaluation So what?
5. Resolution What finally happened?
6. Coda Are there links to the present?
● Renkema & Schubert: CH4 (4.1-4.4), CH4 (4.5-4.7), CH6, (6.1-6.2), CH6 (6.3-6.7), CH11
● Upton (direct mail letters)
● Van Eemeren et al. (2002): CH1, CH2, CH3, CH5
● Kennedy: Introduction
● Van Haaften: Argumentative strategies and stylistic devices
● Taboada: Discourse markers as signals of rhetorical relations
,Week 1
- Renkema & Schubert, chap. 4 Discourse classification (4.1-4.4)
- Renkema & Schubert, chap. 11 Narratives
Discourse classification
Three main discourse types:
Functie: perauasief
Vorm: argumentatie
→ Gaat uit van functie
→ too simple to form as basic scheme: the functions seldom occur in their pure forms
Functions according to Jakobson (1960)
→ Gaat uit van functie
Gebaseerd op basic
communicatie model:
A → boodschap → B
Emotive = expressive
- Message goes form addresser (emotive: attitude of the addresser) to addressee
(the orientation towards the addresser)
- Context: referential (a reference to something in the world)
- Message: poetic (language use)
- Channel, contact: phatic (language is used to check the channel)
- Code: metalingual (language is focused on the code self)
- Symbolic signs (words)
- Discourse types: constitute a limited number of categories, generalized and abstract
- Genres: form an open-ended list, concrete and specific
Werlich’s discourse typology (classification) (1982)
, Dimensions of Biber (1982)
1. Interactive vs. affective genres
2. Narrative (many past-tense
verbs and third person
pronouns) vs. non-narrative
texts
3. Highly explicit
context-independent texts
4. All texts with persuasive
elements
5. Features like passives characterize the abstract formal style
Discourse differences
→ It is used for all forms of oral and written communication
- Writing takes longer than speaking
- Writers do not have contact with readers
Integration (written text) vs. fragmentation (verbal interaction)
Spoken interaction: shared situation (both speakers and hearers are involved)
Right way to study discourse (Bakhtin)→ view discourse as dialogic
- In written discourse utterances are responses to other utterances
- Polyphony: multivoicedness of texts (different viewpoints)
Narratives
→ According to Organon-model: function expression
Narrator
→ A sequence of events and actions that took place in the past
Labov (1967)
- Purpose: to find out of there were correlations between the social characteristics of
storytellers and the structure of their personal stories
Narration:
→ one method of recapitulating past experience by matching a verbal sequence of
clauses to the sequence of events which actually occurred
Labov’s story structure:
1. Abstract What is the story about?
2. Orientation Who, when, what, where?
3. Complicating action Then what happened?
4. Evaluation So what?
5. Resolution What finally happened?
6. Coda Are there links to the present?
