SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH
FOR THE TIME-POOR MEDICAL, PRE-MED
USMLE OR PA STUDENT
,Table Of Contents:
What’s included: Ready-to-study anatomy, physiology and pathology notes of various
sexual & reproductive health topics presented in succinct, intuitive and richly illustrated
downloadable PDF documents. Once downloaded, you may choose to either print and
bind them, or make annotations digitally on your iPad or tablet PC.
REVIEW OF MALE UROGENITAL ANATOMY
REVIEW OF BASIC FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY
BREAST MASSES
o FIBROADENOMA (“BREAST MOUSE”)
o “PHYLLODES TUMOUR”/GIANT FIBROADENOMAS
o INTRADUCTAL PAPILLOMA:
o FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE
o DUCT ECTASIA
o GALACTOCOELE
o ACUTE MASTITIS
o BREAST CANCERS
AMENORRHOEA CAUSES
o POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS)
DYSMENORRHOEA CAUSES
o ENDOMETRIOSIS
MENORRHAGIA CAUSES
o ADENOMYOSIS
o EG. DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING
o ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA (POLYPS)
o UTERINE FIBROIDS
UTERINE CANCERS
o ENDOMETRIAL ADENOCARCINOMA
o UTERINE LEIOMYOSARCOMA
CONDITIONS OF THE VAGINA
o BARTHOLIN GLAND CYST (or Greater Vestibular Gland Cyst)
o VULVAL CANCER (Squamous Cell Cancer)
o DIFFERENTIALS FOR MALIGNANCY
o VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS/“THRUSH”/“YEAST-INFECTION”
o VAGINOSES/VAGINITIS
CONDITIONS OF THE CERVIX
o CERVICITIS
o ENDOCERVICAL POLYPS
o CERVICAL CANCERS: CIN 1 (LSIL) & CIN2-3 (HSIL)
CONDITIONS OF THE OVARIES
o OVARIAN CYSTADENOMA (Benign)
o OVARIAN CANCER (CYSTADENOCARCINOMA)
o DERMOID CYSTS/TERATOMAS
PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE
URINARY INCONTINENCE
o OVERFLOW INCONTINENCE
o SRESS INCONTINENCE
o URGE INCONTINENCE
,CONDITIONS OF THE MALE GENITALIA
o CONGENITAL PENILE ABNORMALITIES
o CRYPTORCHIDISM
o BALANITIS & BALANOPOSTHITIS
o DYSPLASIAS OF THE PENIS
o CARCINOMA OF THE PENIS
o PEYRONIE’S DISEASE
CONDITIONS OF THE PROSTATE
o PROSTATITIS
o PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA
o BPH – (BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY)
CONDITIONS OF THE TESTES
o EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
o TESTICULAR ATROPHY
o TORSION OF THE TESTIS
o SCROTAL ACCUMULATIONS
o TESTICULAR TUMOURS
o (GYNECOMASTIA)
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
o GENITAL HERPES SIMPLEX
o HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS
o SYPHILIS
o CHLAMYDIA
o GONORRHOEA
o PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)
o DONOVANOSIS
o HEPATITIS C
o HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
MORE ON HIV
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS & TREATMENT
CONTRACEPTION
INFERTILITY
BREASTFEEDING
QUIZ QUESTIONS
, A
Welcome
Letter
,We know from experience that studying medicine or any other health-related degree
can be stressful.
(we are a team of doctor, so we›ve been there and done that!) Now we want to
pay it forward by creating the most comprehensive educational resource for the next
generation of medical students).
Our goal is not to make a profit; rather, we want to cover our expenses, which is why
our notes and resources are so inexpensive!
Here are jus a few hings you need o know o ge he mos ou of your noes:
1. Your notes are yours for life! We do not charge any recurring subscriptions or
hidden fees etc. Also, any updates we make to your purchased notes in the future are
provided free of charge and you will receive an email notification if/when this occurs.
2. All of our files are functional and virus free.
3. Please only download each file ONCE and SAVE it immediately to your device for
permanent OFFLINE access. Once saved you can transfer your file/s to ONE additional
personal/mobile device (eg. your ipad/tablet) without the need to re-download your
files.
,REVIEW OF MALE UROGENITAL
ANATOMY
, REVIEW OF MALE UROGENITAL ANATOMY
Normal Male Reproductive Anatomy:
- Ducts – (receive/transport gametes):
o 1. Epididymis – (5% of ejaculate)
o 2. Ductus (vas) Deferens
o 3. Urethra - (Prostatic à Membranous à Spongy (penile) à External Orifice)
- Penis:
o 3 Sections – Root, Body & Glans Penis.
o Corona – Neck sulcus
o Erectile Tissues:
§ 2x Corpus Cavernosum – Central Arteries
§ 1x Corpus Spongiosum – Central Urethra
o Tunica Albuginia – Fibrous capsule encasing the Testis & Penis (NB:
Does NOT encase the Epididymus)
o Urethra – Transitional Epithelium
o Prepuce (foreskin)
,- Testicles:
o Testes - Gonads (produce gametes)
§ Testis (Albuginea of testes)
• Seminiferous tubules – sperm production
• Leydig Cells – testosterone production
§ Epididymis - Highly coiled tubules.
o Spermatic Cord – Spermatic Artery, Vein & Vas-Deferens (+ Lymphatics).
o Tunica Vaginalis – Remnants of the foetal peritoneum dragged into the
scrotum by descending
testes.
§ Obliterated Processus Vaginalis – The obliterated peritoneal remnants
from descending of
the testes. NB: If not fully obliterated, can à Indirect Inguinal Hernias.
o Tunica Albuginia – Fibrous capsule encasing the Testis & Penis (NB: Does
NOT encase theEpididymus)
o Thermoregulation:
§ Why descended? – Spermatogenesis requires a lower temperature than
core temperature.
§ Cremaster Muscle: Lifts testicles closer to body when cold.
( t h e r m o re g u l a ti o n )
§ Dartos Muscle: Increases/decreases surface area of the scrotum
, (thermoregulation)
- Pampiniform Plexus: Network of blood vessels
- Accessory Glands:
o Seminal vesicles - (60% of ejaculate) – Reduces Acidity of Semen
o Prostate gland - (30% of ejaculate) - Helps activate sperm & keep it viable
o Bulbourethral glands – (5% of ejaculate) - Neutralises traces of urine in
urethra.
, - The Prostate Gland:
o Anatomy:
§ 5 lobes (2 Laterals, Anterior, Median & Posterior)
§ Inferior to Bladder, Posterior to Penis
§ Periurethral (Encases Urethra)
§ Also encases Ejaculatory Ducts from Seminal Vesicles
o Function:
§ Adds bulk to Semen
§ Acid phosphatase - Proteolytic Enzyme - Maintains liquidity of prostate
§ Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) – Proteolytic Enzyme - Maintains liquidity of
prostate.
§ Hormone responsive - Androgens
o Normal Histology:
§ Fibro-Muscular Organ – Plenty of Smooth Muscle Fibres
§ Glands Normally have a Double Layer Epithelium (NB: Prost.Ca. is a Single
Layer Epithel.)
HEALTH
FOR THE TIME-POOR MEDICAL, PRE-MED
USMLE OR PA STUDENT
,Table Of Contents:
What’s included: Ready-to-study anatomy, physiology and pathology notes of various
sexual & reproductive health topics presented in succinct, intuitive and richly illustrated
downloadable PDF documents. Once downloaded, you may choose to either print and
bind them, or make annotations digitally on your iPad or tablet PC.
REVIEW OF MALE UROGENITAL ANATOMY
REVIEW OF BASIC FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY
BREAST MASSES
o FIBROADENOMA (“BREAST MOUSE”)
o “PHYLLODES TUMOUR”/GIANT FIBROADENOMAS
o INTRADUCTAL PAPILLOMA:
o FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE
o DUCT ECTASIA
o GALACTOCOELE
o ACUTE MASTITIS
o BREAST CANCERS
AMENORRHOEA CAUSES
o POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS)
DYSMENORRHOEA CAUSES
o ENDOMETRIOSIS
MENORRHAGIA CAUSES
o ADENOMYOSIS
o EG. DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING
o ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA (POLYPS)
o UTERINE FIBROIDS
UTERINE CANCERS
o ENDOMETRIAL ADENOCARCINOMA
o UTERINE LEIOMYOSARCOMA
CONDITIONS OF THE VAGINA
o BARTHOLIN GLAND CYST (or Greater Vestibular Gland Cyst)
o VULVAL CANCER (Squamous Cell Cancer)
o DIFFERENTIALS FOR MALIGNANCY
o VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS/“THRUSH”/“YEAST-INFECTION”
o VAGINOSES/VAGINITIS
CONDITIONS OF THE CERVIX
o CERVICITIS
o ENDOCERVICAL POLYPS
o CERVICAL CANCERS: CIN 1 (LSIL) & CIN2-3 (HSIL)
CONDITIONS OF THE OVARIES
o OVARIAN CYSTADENOMA (Benign)
o OVARIAN CANCER (CYSTADENOCARCINOMA)
o DERMOID CYSTS/TERATOMAS
PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE
URINARY INCONTINENCE
o OVERFLOW INCONTINENCE
o SRESS INCONTINENCE
o URGE INCONTINENCE
,CONDITIONS OF THE MALE GENITALIA
o CONGENITAL PENILE ABNORMALITIES
o CRYPTORCHIDISM
o BALANITIS & BALANOPOSTHITIS
o DYSPLASIAS OF THE PENIS
o CARCINOMA OF THE PENIS
o PEYRONIE’S DISEASE
CONDITIONS OF THE PROSTATE
o PROSTATITIS
o PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA
o BPH – (BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY)
CONDITIONS OF THE TESTES
o EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
o TESTICULAR ATROPHY
o TORSION OF THE TESTIS
o SCROTAL ACCUMULATIONS
o TESTICULAR TUMOURS
o (GYNECOMASTIA)
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
o GENITAL HERPES SIMPLEX
o HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS
o SYPHILIS
o CHLAMYDIA
o GONORRHOEA
o PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)
o DONOVANOSIS
o HEPATITIS C
o HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
MORE ON HIV
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS & TREATMENT
CONTRACEPTION
INFERTILITY
BREASTFEEDING
QUIZ QUESTIONS
, A
Welcome
Letter
,We know from experience that studying medicine or any other health-related degree
can be stressful.
(we are a team of doctor, so we›ve been there and done that!) Now we want to
pay it forward by creating the most comprehensive educational resource for the next
generation of medical students).
Our goal is not to make a profit; rather, we want to cover our expenses, which is why
our notes and resources are so inexpensive!
Here are jus a few hings you need o know o ge he mos ou of your noes:
1. Your notes are yours for life! We do not charge any recurring subscriptions or
hidden fees etc. Also, any updates we make to your purchased notes in the future are
provided free of charge and you will receive an email notification if/when this occurs.
2. All of our files are functional and virus free.
3. Please only download each file ONCE and SAVE it immediately to your device for
permanent OFFLINE access. Once saved you can transfer your file/s to ONE additional
personal/mobile device (eg. your ipad/tablet) without the need to re-download your
files.
,REVIEW OF MALE UROGENITAL
ANATOMY
, REVIEW OF MALE UROGENITAL ANATOMY
Normal Male Reproductive Anatomy:
- Ducts – (receive/transport gametes):
o 1. Epididymis – (5% of ejaculate)
o 2. Ductus (vas) Deferens
o 3. Urethra - (Prostatic à Membranous à Spongy (penile) à External Orifice)
- Penis:
o 3 Sections – Root, Body & Glans Penis.
o Corona – Neck sulcus
o Erectile Tissues:
§ 2x Corpus Cavernosum – Central Arteries
§ 1x Corpus Spongiosum – Central Urethra
o Tunica Albuginia – Fibrous capsule encasing the Testis & Penis (NB:
Does NOT encase the Epididymus)
o Urethra – Transitional Epithelium
o Prepuce (foreskin)
,- Testicles:
o Testes - Gonads (produce gametes)
§ Testis (Albuginea of testes)
• Seminiferous tubules – sperm production
• Leydig Cells – testosterone production
§ Epididymis - Highly coiled tubules.
o Spermatic Cord – Spermatic Artery, Vein & Vas-Deferens (+ Lymphatics).
o Tunica Vaginalis – Remnants of the foetal peritoneum dragged into the
scrotum by descending
testes.
§ Obliterated Processus Vaginalis – The obliterated peritoneal remnants
from descending of
the testes. NB: If not fully obliterated, can à Indirect Inguinal Hernias.
o Tunica Albuginia – Fibrous capsule encasing the Testis & Penis (NB: Does
NOT encase theEpididymus)
o Thermoregulation:
§ Why descended? – Spermatogenesis requires a lower temperature than
core temperature.
§ Cremaster Muscle: Lifts testicles closer to body when cold.
( t h e r m o re g u l a ti o n )
§ Dartos Muscle: Increases/decreases surface area of the scrotum
, (thermoregulation)
- Pampiniform Plexus: Network of blood vessels
- Accessory Glands:
o Seminal vesicles - (60% of ejaculate) – Reduces Acidity of Semen
o Prostate gland - (30% of ejaculate) - Helps activate sperm & keep it viable
o Bulbourethral glands – (5% of ejaculate) - Neutralises traces of urine in
urethra.
, - The Prostate Gland:
o Anatomy:
§ 5 lobes (2 Laterals, Anterior, Median & Posterior)
§ Inferior to Bladder, Posterior to Penis
§ Periurethral (Encases Urethra)
§ Also encases Ejaculatory Ducts from Seminal Vesicles
o Function:
§ Adds bulk to Semen
§ Acid phosphatase - Proteolytic Enzyme - Maintains liquidity of prostate
§ Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) – Proteolytic Enzyme - Maintains liquidity of
prostate.
§ Hormone responsive - Androgens
o Normal Histology:
§ Fibro-Muscular Organ – Plenty of Smooth Muscle Fibres
§ Glands Normally have a Double Layer Epithelium (NB: Prost.Ca. is a Single
Layer Epithel.)
