ABSTRACT
Samenvatting gebaseerd op de lessen
en de eindtermen zoals gegeven op
de ELO.
21MPT
SAMENVATTING
TCNT
, Samenvatting TCNT
INHOUDSOPGAVE
Les 1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Toepassingen van computernetwerken ............................................................................................. 5
Computernetwerken....................................................................................................................... 5
Gebruik computernetwerken ......................................................................................................... 5
Mobiele netwerken......................................................................................................................... 5
Defensie .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Definities ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Lagen en protpcollen .......................................................................................................................... 7
Lagen ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Definities ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Voor- en nadelen ............................................................................................................................ 8
TCP/IP referentiemodel ...................................................................................................................... 8
Fysieke laag ........................................................................................................................................... 10
ZKO-model ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Transmissie media ............................................................................................................................ 10
Overzicht ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Bandbreedte ................................................................................................................................. 10
Kanaal............................................................................................................................................ 11
Kabels ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Multiplex en Multiple Access ............................................................................................................ 11
Multiplex ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Datalinklaag .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Kanaal toewijzing technieken ........................................................................................................... 14
Theoretisch model ........................................................................................................................ 14
Draadloos communicatiemodel .................................................................................................... 15
CSMA/CA ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Draadloze ethernetwerken ............................................................................................................... 16
WiFi-IEEE 802.11 ........................................................................................................................... 16
Werking cellulaire netwerken (Niet op tentamen) ........................................................................... 17
Fysieke ethernet netwerk ................................................................................................................. 18
Gebruik adressering op datalinklaag ................................................................................................ 18
Redundantie in ethernetwerken....................................................................................................... 19
Netwerklaag .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Adressering ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Routering....................................................................................................................................... 20
14-02-2022 1
, Samenvatting TCNT
IP-adressering ............................................................................................................................... 20
Adressering op netwerklaag ............................................................................................................. 21
Router ............................................................................................................................................... 21
Routering algoritmen .................................................................................................................... 22
Opbouw internet............................................................................................................................... 22
Definities ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Autonomous Systems ................................................................................................................... 23
Transportlaag ........................................................................................................................................ 25
TCP en UDP ....................................................................................................................................... 25
UDP ............................................................................................................................................... 25
TCP ................................................................................................................................................ 26
TCP vs UDP .................................................................................................................................... 26
applicatielaag ........................................................................................................................................ 27
DNS Domain Name System ....................................................................................................... 27
Netwerkbeveiliging en dreiging ........................................................................................................ 28
Dreiging ......................................................................................................................................... 28
Versleuteling ................................................................................................................................. 29
TLS verbinding ................................................................................................................................... 30
Secure browsing ............................................................................................................................ 30
VPN en Firewall ................................................................................................................................. 32
VPN (Virtual Private Network) .................................................................................................. 32
Firewalls ........................................................................................................................................ 32
Militaire netwerken .............................................................................................................................. 33
MOTS en COTS .............................................................................................................................. 33
Expeditionaire catagoriën ............................................................................................................. 33
Netwerken Defensie ..................................................................................................................... 34
Appendix 1: Eindtermen uitgewerkt ..................................................................................................... 35
1. Het gebruik en de basisprincipes van (LAN/WAN) netwerken, netwerkarchitectuur, TCP/IP
achitectuurmodel, services, interfaces en protocollen uitleggen. ................................................... 35
2. De functies, globale werking en de samenhang van de volgende in de 5 lagen van het internet
architectuur model gebruikte standaarden uitleggen. ..................................................................... 37
3. De gebruikte technieken op de fysieke laag uitleggen (ethernetkabel, glasvezelkabel, hub,
repeater, draadloze transmissie en multiplexing). ........................................................................... 39
Transmissie media ........................................................................................................................ 39
Kabels ............................................................................................................................................ 40
Multiplex en Multiple Access ........................................................................................................ 40
14-02-2022 2
, Samenvatting TCNT
4. De gebruikte technieken op de datalinklaag uitleggen (ALOHA, CSMA, MACA, Ethernet,
Wireless LAN’s, adressering en switch). ........................................................................................... 42
Kanaal toewijzing technieken ....................................................................................................... 42
ALOHA ........................................................................................................................................... 42
Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) .......................................................................................... 42
Draadloos communicatiemodel .................................................................................................... 43
CSMA/CA ....................................................................................................................................... 44
Draadloze ethernetwerken ........................................................................................................... 44
Fysieke ethernet netwerk ............................................................................................................. 45
Gebruik adressering op datalinklaag ............................................................................................ 45
Redundantie in ethernetwerken................................................................................................... 45
Stappen switching: ........................................................................................................................ 45
5. De gebruikte technieken op de netwerklaag uitleggen (IP, packet switching, koppelen van
netwerken, routering, router, Internet, OSPF en BGP, Autonomous Systems). .............................. 47
Adressering ................................................................................................................................... 47
Routering....................................................................................................................................... 47
IP-adressering ............................................................................................................................... 47
Adressering op netwerklaag ......................................................................................................... 48
Router ........................................................................................................................................... 48
Routering algoritmen .................................................................................................................... 49
Opbouw internet........................................................................................................................... 49
6. De gebruikte technieken op de transportlaag uitleggen (TCP, UDP, maken en verbreken van
verbindingen, flow control en performance). .................................................................................. 51
TCP en UDP ................................................................................................................................... 51
TCP vs UDP .................................................................................................................................... 52
7. De gebruikte technieken op de applicatielaag uitleggen (HTTP, DNS-adressering en
samenwerking alle lagen). ................................................................................................................ 52
DNS Domain Name System ....................................................................................................... 53
8. Het begrip veiligheid en de risico’s rond netwerk veiligheid toelichten. ................................. 54
Netwerkbeveiliging en dreiging .................................................................................................... 54
9. De globale werking uitleggen van symmetrische en asymmetrische versleutering, digitale
handtekeningen, public-key infrastructuur, Internet security protocollen (SSL/TLS), dreigingen
(virussen) en de firewall). ................................................................................................................. 55
Versleuteling ................................................................................................................................. 55
TLS verbinding ............................................................................................................................... 56
Dreiging ......................................................................................................................................... 57
VPN en Firewall ............................................................................................................................. 58
14-02-2022 3
Samenvatting gebaseerd op de lessen
en de eindtermen zoals gegeven op
de ELO.
21MPT
SAMENVATTING
TCNT
, Samenvatting TCNT
INHOUDSOPGAVE
Les 1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Toepassingen van computernetwerken ............................................................................................. 5
Computernetwerken....................................................................................................................... 5
Gebruik computernetwerken ......................................................................................................... 5
Mobiele netwerken......................................................................................................................... 5
Defensie .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Definities ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Lagen en protpcollen .......................................................................................................................... 7
Lagen ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Definities ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Voor- en nadelen ............................................................................................................................ 8
TCP/IP referentiemodel ...................................................................................................................... 8
Fysieke laag ........................................................................................................................................... 10
ZKO-model ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Transmissie media ............................................................................................................................ 10
Overzicht ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Bandbreedte ................................................................................................................................. 10
Kanaal............................................................................................................................................ 11
Kabels ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Multiplex en Multiple Access ............................................................................................................ 11
Multiplex ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Datalinklaag .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Kanaal toewijzing technieken ........................................................................................................... 14
Theoretisch model ........................................................................................................................ 14
Draadloos communicatiemodel .................................................................................................... 15
CSMA/CA ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Draadloze ethernetwerken ............................................................................................................... 16
WiFi-IEEE 802.11 ........................................................................................................................... 16
Werking cellulaire netwerken (Niet op tentamen) ........................................................................... 17
Fysieke ethernet netwerk ................................................................................................................. 18
Gebruik adressering op datalinklaag ................................................................................................ 18
Redundantie in ethernetwerken....................................................................................................... 19
Netwerklaag .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Adressering ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Routering....................................................................................................................................... 20
14-02-2022 1
, Samenvatting TCNT
IP-adressering ............................................................................................................................... 20
Adressering op netwerklaag ............................................................................................................. 21
Router ............................................................................................................................................... 21
Routering algoritmen .................................................................................................................... 22
Opbouw internet............................................................................................................................... 22
Definities ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Autonomous Systems ................................................................................................................... 23
Transportlaag ........................................................................................................................................ 25
TCP en UDP ....................................................................................................................................... 25
UDP ............................................................................................................................................... 25
TCP ................................................................................................................................................ 26
TCP vs UDP .................................................................................................................................... 26
applicatielaag ........................................................................................................................................ 27
DNS Domain Name System ....................................................................................................... 27
Netwerkbeveiliging en dreiging ........................................................................................................ 28
Dreiging ......................................................................................................................................... 28
Versleuteling ................................................................................................................................. 29
TLS verbinding ................................................................................................................................... 30
Secure browsing ............................................................................................................................ 30
VPN en Firewall ................................................................................................................................. 32
VPN (Virtual Private Network) .................................................................................................. 32
Firewalls ........................................................................................................................................ 32
Militaire netwerken .............................................................................................................................. 33
MOTS en COTS .............................................................................................................................. 33
Expeditionaire catagoriën ............................................................................................................. 33
Netwerken Defensie ..................................................................................................................... 34
Appendix 1: Eindtermen uitgewerkt ..................................................................................................... 35
1. Het gebruik en de basisprincipes van (LAN/WAN) netwerken, netwerkarchitectuur, TCP/IP
achitectuurmodel, services, interfaces en protocollen uitleggen. ................................................... 35
2. De functies, globale werking en de samenhang van de volgende in de 5 lagen van het internet
architectuur model gebruikte standaarden uitleggen. ..................................................................... 37
3. De gebruikte technieken op de fysieke laag uitleggen (ethernetkabel, glasvezelkabel, hub,
repeater, draadloze transmissie en multiplexing). ........................................................................... 39
Transmissie media ........................................................................................................................ 39
Kabels ............................................................................................................................................ 40
Multiplex en Multiple Access ........................................................................................................ 40
14-02-2022 2
, Samenvatting TCNT
4. De gebruikte technieken op de datalinklaag uitleggen (ALOHA, CSMA, MACA, Ethernet,
Wireless LAN’s, adressering en switch). ........................................................................................... 42
Kanaal toewijzing technieken ....................................................................................................... 42
ALOHA ........................................................................................................................................... 42
Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) .......................................................................................... 42
Draadloos communicatiemodel .................................................................................................... 43
CSMA/CA ....................................................................................................................................... 44
Draadloze ethernetwerken ........................................................................................................... 44
Fysieke ethernet netwerk ............................................................................................................. 45
Gebruik adressering op datalinklaag ............................................................................................ 45
Redundantie in ethernetwerken................................................................................................... 45
Stappen switching: ........................................................................................................................ 45
5. De gebruikte technieken op de netwerklaag uitleggen (IP, packet switching, koppelen van
netwerken, routering, router, Internet, OSPF en BGP, Autonomous Systems). .............................. 47
Adressering ................................................................................................................................... 47
Routering....................................................................................................................................... 47
IP-adressering ............................................................................................................................... 47
Adressering op netwerklaag ......................................................................................................... 48
Router ........................................................................................................................................... 48
Routering algoritmen .................................................................................................................... 49
Opbouw internet........................................................................................................................... 49
6. De gebruikte technieken op de transportlaag uitleggen (TCP, UDP, maken en verbreken van
verbindingen, flow control en performance). .................................................................................. 51
TCP en UDP ................................................................................................................................... 51
TCP vs UDP .................................................................................................................................... 52
7. De gebruikte technieken op de applicatielaag uitleggen (HTTP, DNS-adressering en
samenwerking alle lagen). ................................................................................................................ 52
DNS Domain Name System ....................................................................................................... 53
8. Het begrip veiligheid en de risico’s rond netwerk veiligheid toelichten. ................................. 54
Netwerkbeveiliging en dreiging .................................................................................................... 54
9. De globale werking uitleggen van symmetrische en asymmetrische versleutering, digitale
handtekeningen, public-key infrastructuur, Internet security protocollen (SSL/TLS), dreigingen
(virussen) en de firewall). ................................................................................................................. 55
Versleuteling ................................................................................................................................. 55
TLS verbinding ............................................................................................................................... 56
Dreiging ......................................................................................................................................... 57
VPN en Firewall ............................................................................................................................. 58
14-02-2022 3
