Chapter 01: The Evolution of Nursing
Cooper: Foundations of Nursing, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is a nursing program considered when certified by a state agency?
a. Accredited
b. Approved
c. Provisional
d. Exemplified
ANS: B
Approved means certified by a state agency for having met minimum standards; accredited
means certified by the NLN for having met more complex standards. Provisional and
exemplified are not terms used in regard to nursing program certification.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 10 OBJ: 5
TOP: Nursing programs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2. Which of the following must the nurse recognize regarding the health care delivery system?
a. It includes all states.
b. It affects the illness of patients.
c. Insurance companies are not involved.
d. The major goal is to achieve optimal levels of health care.
ANS: D
The nurse must recognize that in the health care delivery system, the major goal is to achieve
optimal levels of health care. The health care system consists of a network of agencies, facilities,
and providers involved with health care in a specified geographic area. Insurance companies do
have involvement in the health care system. The illness of patients is not necessarily affected by
the health care system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 7
TOP: Health care systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3. What is required by the health care team to identify the needs of a patient and to design care to
meet those needs?
a. The Kardex
b. The health care provider’s order sheet
c. An individualized care plan
d. The nurse’s notes
ANS: C
, An individualized care plan involves all health care workers and outlines care to meet the needs
of the individual patient. The Kardex, health care provider’s order sheet, and nurse’s notes do not
identify the needs of the patient nor are they designed to assist all members of the health care
team to meet those needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 13 OBJ: 8 | 9
TOP: Care plan KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: N/A
4. Patient care emphasis on wellness, rather than illness, begins as a result of:
a. increased education concerning causes of illness.
b. improved insurance payments.
c. decentralized care centers.
d. increased number of health care givers.
ANS: A
The acute awareness of preventive medicine has resulted in today’s emphasis on education about
issues such as smoking, heart disease, drug and alcohol abuse, weight control, and mental health
and wellness promotion activities. This preventive education has resulted in an emphasis on
wellness, rather than illness. Improved insurance payments, decentralized care centers, and
increased numbers of health care givers did not influence an emphasis on wellness.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 4 | 8
TOP: Wellness KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
5. What is the most effective process to ensure that the care plan is meeting the needs of the
patient?
a. Documentation
b. Communication
c. Evaluation
d. Planning
ANS: B
Communication is the primary essential component among the health care team to evaluate and
modify the care plan. Documentation, evaluation, and planning are not primary essential
components to ensure the care plan is meeting the needs of the patient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 17 OBJ: 8
TOP: Communication KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
6. How does an interdisciplinary approach to patient treatment enhance care?
a. By improving efficiency of care
b. By reducing the number of caregivers
c. By preventing the fragmentation of patient care
d. By shortening hospital stay
ANS: C
, An interdisciplinary approach prevents fragmentation of care. An interdisciplinary approach does
not improve the efficiency of care, reduce the number of caregivers, or shorten hospital stay.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 16 OBJ: 8 | 9
TOP: Interdisciplinary approach KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
7. How may a newly licensed LPN/LVN practice?
a. Independently in a hospital setting
b. With an experienced LPN/LVN
c. Under the supervision of a health care provider or RN
d. As a sole health care provider in a clinic setting
ANS: C
An LPN/LVN practices under the supervision of a health care provider, dentist, OD, or RN.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 11 OBJ: 11
TOP: Vocational nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
8. Whose influence on nursing practice in the 19th century was related to improvement of patient
environment as a method of health promotion?
a. Clara Barton
b. Linda Richards
c. Dorothea Dix
d. Florence Nightingale
ANS: D
The influence of Florence Nightingale was highly significant in the 19th century as she fought
for sanitary conditions, fresh air, and general improvement in the patient environment. Clara
Barton developed the American Red Cross in 1881. Linda Richards is known as the first trained
nurse in America, was responsible for the development of the first nursing and hospital records,
and is credited with the development of our present-day documentation system. Dorothea Dix
was the pioneer crusader for elevation of standards of care for the mentally ill and superintendent
of female nurses of the Union Army.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 17 OBJ: 2 | 4
TOP: Nursing leaders KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
9. What document identifies the roles and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN?
a. NLN Accreditation Standards
b. Nurse Practice Act
c. NAPNE Code
d. American Nurses’ Association Code
ANS: B
, The LPN/LVN functions under the Nurse Practice Act. NLN Accreditation Standards, the
NAPNE Code, and the American Nurses’ Association Code do not identify the roles and
responsibilities of the LPN/LVN.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 12 | 14 OBJ: 11
TOP: Roles and responsibilities KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
10. What is a cost-effective delivery of care used by many hospitals that allows the LPN/LVN to
work with the RN to meet the needs of patients?
a. Focused nursing
b. Team nursing
c. Case management
d. Primary nursing
ANS: C
Case management is a cost-effective method of care. Focused nursing, team nursing, and primary
nursing are not cost-effective methods of delivering care that allow the LPN/LVN to work with
the RN to meet patient needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 15 OBJ: 7 | 9
TOP: Patient care delivery systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
11. What is the title of the American Hospital Association’s 1972 document that outlines the
patient’s expectations to be treated with dignity and compassion?
a. Code of Ethics
b. Patient’s Bill of Rights
c. OBRA
d. Advance directives
ANS: B
Patient expectations are outlined by the Patient’s Bill of Rights. Patient expectations are not
outlined in the Code of Ethics, OBRA, or advance directives.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 16 OBJ: 4 | 8
TOP: Patient’s rights KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
12. The relationships among nursing, patients, health, and the environment are the basis for:
a. care plans.
b. nursing models.
c. health care provider’s orders.
d. evaluation of patient care.
ANS: B
Cooper: Foundations of Nursing, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is a nursing program considered when certified by a state agency?
a. Accredited
b. Approved
c. Provisional
d. Exemplified
ANS: B
Approved means certified by a state agency for having met minimum standards; accredited
means certified by the NLN for having met more complex standards. Provisional and
exemplified are not terms used in regard to nursing program certification.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 10 OBJ: 5
TOP: Nursing programs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2. Which of the following must the nurse recognize regarding the health care delivery system?
a. It includes all states.
b. It affects the illness of patients.
c. Insurance companies are not involved.
d. The major goal is to achieve optimal levels of health care.
ANS: D
The nurse must recognize that in the health care delivery system, the major goal is to achieve
optimal levels of health care. The health care system consists of a network of agencies, facilities,
and providers involved with health care in a specified geographic area. Insurance companies do
have involvement in the health care system. The illness of patients is not necessarily affected by
the health care system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 7
TOP: Health care systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3. What is required by the health care team to identify the needs of a patient and to design care to
meet those needs?
a. The Kardex
b. The health care provider’s order sheet
c. An individualized care plan
d. The nurse’s notes
ANS: C
, An individualized care plan involves all health care workers and outlines care to meet the needs
of the individual patient. The Kardex, health care provider’s order sheet, and nurse’s notes do not
identify the needs of the patient nor are they designed to assist all members of the health care
team to meet those needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 13 OBJ: 8 | 9
TOP: Care plan KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: N/A
4. Patient care emphasis on wellness, rather than illness, begins as a result of:
a. increased education concerning causes of illness.
b. improved insurance payments.
c. decentralized care centers.
d. increased number of health care givers.
ANS: A
The acute awareness of preventive medicine has resulted in today’s emphasis on education about
issues such as smoking, heart disease, drug and alcohol abuse, weight control, and mental health
and wellness promotion activities. This preventive education has resulted in an emphasis on
wellness, rather than illness. Improved insurance payments, decentralized care centers, and
increased numbers of health care givers did not influence an emphasis on wellness.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 4 | 8
TOP: Wellness KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
5. What is the most effective process to ensure that the care plan is meeting the needs of the
patient?
a. Documentation
b. Communication
c. Evaluation
d. Planning
ANS: B
Communication is the primary essential component among the health care team to evaluate and
modify the care plan. Documentation, evaluation, and planning are not primary essential
components to ensure the care plan is meeting the needs of the patient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 17 OBJ: 8
TOP: Communication KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
6. How does an interdisciplinary approach to patient treatment enhance care?
a. By improving efficiency of care
b. By reducing the number of caregivers
c. By preventing the fragmentation of patient care
d. By shortening hospital stay
ANS: C
, An interdisciplinary approach prevents fragmentation of care. An interdisciplinary approach does
not improve the efficiency of care, reduce the number of caregivers, or shorten hospital stay.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 16 OBJ: 8 | 9
TOP: Interdisciplinary approach KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
7. How may a newly licensed LPN/LVN practice?
a. Independently in a hospital setting
b. With an experienced LPN/LVN
c. Under the supervision of a health care provider or RN
d. As a sole health care provider in a clinic setting
ANS: C
An LPN/LVN practices under the supervision of a health care provider, dentist, OD, or RN.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 11 OBJ: 11
TOP: Vocational nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
8. Whose influence on nursing practice in the 19th century was related to improvement of patient
environment as a method of health promotion?
a. Clara Barton
b. Linda Richards
c. Dorothea Dix
d. Florence Nightingale
ANS: D
The influence of Florence Nightingale was highly significant in the 19th century as she fought
for sanitary conditions, fresh air, and general improvement in the patient environment. Clara
Barton developed the American Red Cross in 1881. Linda Richards is known as the first trained
nurse in America, was responsible for the development of the first nursing and hospital records,
and is credited with the development of our present-day documentation system. Dorothea Dix
was the pioneer crusader for elevation of standards of care for the mentally ill and superintendent
of female nurses of the Union Army.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 17 OBJ: 2 | 4
TOP: Nursing leaders KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
9. What document identifies the roles and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN?
a. NLN Accreditation Standards
b. Nurse Practice Act
c. NAPNE Code
d. American Nurses’ Association Code
ANS: B
, The LPN/LVN functions under the Nurse Practice Act. NLN Accreditation Standards, the
NAPNE Code, and the American Nurses’ Association Code do not identify the roles and
responsibilities of the LPN/LVN.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 12 | 14 OBJ: 11
TOP: Roles and responsibilities KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
10. What is a cost-effective delivery of care used by many hospitals that allows the LPN/LVN to
work with the RN to meet the needs of patients?
a. Focused nursing
b. Team nursing
c. Case management
d. Primary nursing
ANS: C
Case management is a cost-effective method of care. Focused nursing, team nursing, and primary
nursing are not cost-effective methods of delivering care that allow the LPN/LVN to work with
the RN to meet patient needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 15 OBJ: 7 | 9
TOP: Patient care delivery systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
11. What is the title of the American Hospital Association’s 1972 document that outlines the
patient’s expectations to be treated with dignity and compassion?
a. Code of Ethics
b. Patient’s Bill of Rights
c. OBRA
d. Advance directives
ANS: B
Patient expectations are outlined by the Patient’s Bill of Rights. Patient expectations are not
outlined in the Code of Ethics, OBRA, or advance directives.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 16 OBJ: 4 | 8
TOP: Patient’s rights KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
12. The relationships among nursing, patients, health, and the environment are the basis for:
a. care plans.
b. nursing models.
c. health care provider’s orders.
d. evaluation of patient care.
ANS: B
