AP Brinkley 15e Answers to AP Short Answer Test Bank Questions and answers

AP Brinkley 15e Answers to AP Short Answer Test Bank Questions Short Answer Questions Period 1 () 1. Use your knowledge of United States History to answer a, b, and c. A) Explain ONE incentive for the European exploration and settling of America. B) Assess the extent to which the settlers achieved this objective. C) Provide at least ONE piece of historical evidence to support your explanation. Learning Objective Historical Thinking Skill Key Concepts in the Curriculum Framework PEO-1 Explain how and why people moved Historical 1.2.I within the Americas (before contact) and to Causation 1.2.II and within the Americas (after contact and 1.3.I colonization). Appropriate use 1.3.II of Relevant WXT-1 Explain how patterns of exchanging Historical commodities, peoples, diseases, and ideas Evidence around the Atlantic World developed after European contact and shaped North American colonial-era societies. Interpretation ENV-2 Explain how the natural environment contributed to the development of distinct regional group identities, institutions, and conflicts in the precontact period through the independence period. ANSWER a) A good response would describe one of several possible examples of incentives for the European exploration and settling of America such as: • Europeans desired new sources of wealth found in America, such as unblemished natural resources. • Religious competition led Europeans to compete for converts to Christianity. • New crops from the Americas helped stimulate European population growth. • International trade boosted European economies. • New land increased Europeans’ power and status. • The Indian population provided Europe, particularly Spain, with free (forced) labor. • New lands opened the opportunity for African slave labor to expand. b) A good response would discuss the extent to which Europeans succeeded in achieving colonization objectives such as: • Widespread deadly epidemics allowed the Spanish to succeed in enslaving the native population and to find the minerals they were seeking • The Spanish succeeded in establishing Catholicism as the only religion in the new territories, ultimately extending the influence of the Church throughout South and Central America, Mexico, and into the South and Southwest of what became the United States. • Deadly epidemics and mixed populations helped create a caste system in Spanish and Portuguese colonies. • The introduction of new crops, agricultural methods. and livestock altered native settlement patterns and found their way back to Europe, revolutionizing European agriculture. • Many Europeans developed a white superiority to justify enslavement of American Indians and Africans. • Europeans’ attempts to convert native peoples to Christianity and change their familial structures led to resistance and conflict. • Despite slavery, a sort of cultural preservation and autonomy developed out of Africans’ cultural and linguistic adaptations to the Americas. c) A good response would discuss one of many historical examples to support your explanation, such as: • The European introduction of smallpox to native peoples led to a mixed population of mestizos (European and American Indian descent) and zambos (African and American Indian ancestry). • Europeans altered American Indian settlements through the introduction of horses to native populations, giving natives the opportunity to travel farther and faster. • The demands of the encomienda system led to the replacement of enslaved American Indians with African slaves to cultivate things like sugar or extract silver. • Suffering from several famines, Europeans benefited from the introduction of crops such as corn and potatoes which contributed to European population growth. • Joint-Stock companies emerged out of new international trade. • Maroon communities in Brazil and the Caribbean blended Christianity with traditional African religions. • The Pueblo Revolt was an uprising of the Pueblo Indians against Spanish colonizers after the arrest of forty-seven traditional Pueblo medicine men on charges of “sorcery.” • Juan de Oñate was a Spanish conquistador/explorer whose mission was to spread Roman Catholicism by establishing new missions in Nuevo México (New Mexico). 2. Use the image below--an illustration of 16th century Aztecs--and your knowledge of United States history to answer parts A, and B. Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images A. Explain the main point of the image in the context of ONE of the following: • Exchange • Migration • European exploration and conquest of the Americas B. Briefly describe ONE development that led to the main point you explained in (A). C. Use at least ONE piece of historical evidence to support your description.