Summary NUR2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2 Review Sheet

NUR2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2 Review Sheet Dysphagia Difficulty swallowing o Causes Nero disease: Parkinson’s, dementias, muscular dystrophy, Huntington’s, ALS, MN, Guillain Barre Syndrome. Other: Congenital issues/cerebral palsy, Esophageal stenosis, esophageal diverticula, tumors, stroke, achalasia  Vomiting – why and consequences Why: protect against substance, reverse peristalsis, increase intracranial pressure, severe pain. Consequences: lead to fluid, electrolyte, pH imbalance, aspiration o Emesis types and why the emesis would be a problem Hematemesis: blood in vomit (protein), Yellow/green: presence of bile. Deep brown: fecal matter. Undigested food o Treatment of vomiting disorders Antiemetic med., fluid replacement, correct electrolyte imbalance, restore acid-base  Esophageal disorders o Hiatal hernia Stomach section protrudes through diaphragm  Causes: Weakening of diaphragm muscle, trauma, congenital defects.  Manifestation: Indigestion; heartburn; frequent belching; nausea; chest pain; strictures; dysphagia; and soft abdominal mass  diagnosis: H & P; barium swallow; upper GI Xrays; EGD ,  treatment: eat small meals, sleep elevated, antacid