Women and
Society
18/10/2021
Research Portfolio
Juliette Marhe
ES4-3. F.
18070787
,Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................................2
Women & Work......................................................................................................................................3
Women & Politics...................................................................................................................................9
Women & Diversity..............................................................................................................................15
Women & Violence...............................................................................................................................21
Women & Progress...............................................................................................................................27
References............................................................................................................................................33
1
, Introduction
This paper talks about five different subjects when it comes to women. This paper will start with
discussing women and work, such as the gender pay gap, the influence of COVID on women’s work
and how companies are coping with women who are having their menopause. The paper will
continue with the second subject, which is women and politics. This includes an overview of current
women in all Dutch political parties, followed by why there are so few women in the Dutch
government and lastly, this paper looks at the life of a female party leader. Then, the paper moves on
to the third subject, which is women and diversity. Here the paper discusses how it is for black
women to grow up in Dutch society, but also what life is like for a member of the LGBTQIA
community. Lastly, this section looks deeper into the lives of sex workers. Next, the paper discusses
subject four, which is women and violence. In this part, the paper talks about the amount of violence
that women experience and about honour killings. Ultimately, the paper discusses subject five, which
is women and progress. Here is discussed which women made progress in several fields of life and
certain feminist who fought for women rights which resulted in women progress. Additionally, this
subject also discusses the progress that we, as women, made in the field of work and abortion rights.
2
, Women & Work
Source 1:
Van den Breemer, A., & Frijters, S. (2019, November 19th). De loonkloof: waarom vrouwen nog
steeds minder verdienen dan mannen. Retrieved from de Volkskrant:
https://www.volkskrant.nl/kijkverder/v/2019/de-loonkloof-waarom-vrouwen-nog-steeds-minder-
verdienen-dan-mannen/?re
The sources give six explanations for the pay gap between men and women. The first explanation for
the pay gap is that the pay gap is not that bad after deducting logical factors. If you compare all
Dutch men and women without taking work experience and the type of job into consideration, then
the pay gap is only 7 per cent at a company and 5 per cent at a governmental institution. However,
with the logical factors, the percentage would be 19 per cent at a company and 8 per cent at a
governmental institution. The second explanation for the pay gap is that Dutch women are spoiled
part-time princesses and who therefore do not build a career with an appropriate salary. Moreover,
there is no other European country where the pay gap is as great as in the Netherlands: 73.8 per cent
of working women are part-time, versus 27.1 per cent of men.
The third explanation for the pay gap is that men tend to negotiate more about their salaries than
women. The negotiation is always based on gender stereotypes because, with men, the
conversations quickly go about the payment while with women there is always a doubt. This is
because women are seen as ‘’more demanding’’ when asking for money while with men it is seen as
a sign of assertiveness. The fourth explanation is that when women have kids they prefer to stay
home. Averagely, women are higher educated than men and earn more money at the start of their
carreers. However, when women give birth they often prefer to stay home. Only 15.1 per cent of
dutch mothers work full time, while 23 per cent of dutch mothers prefer taking care of their families
and the household.
The fifth explanation is that women have less ambition because women lose ambition faster than
men. The reasons for this are insufficient support, prejudices about women and the lack of role
models in the organization. The last explanation says that women choose the wrong sector. Women
tend to choose health, catering industry and the culture sector more often than men and these are
the sectors that pay less.
(347 words)
3
Society
18/10/2021
Research Portfolio
Juliette Marhe
ES4-3. F.
18070787
,Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................................2
Women & Work......................................................................................................................................3
Women & Politics...................................................................................................................................9
Women & Diversity..............................................................................................................................15
Women & Violence...............................................................................................................................21
Women & Progress...............................................................................................................................27
References............................................................................................................................................33
1
, Introduction
This paper talks about five different subjects when it comes to women. This paper will start with
discussing women and work, such as the gender pay gap, the influence of COVID on women’s work
and how companies are coping with women who are having their menopause. The paper will
continue with the second subject, which is women and politics. This includes an overview of current
women in all Dutch political parties, followed by why there are so few women in the Dutch
government and lastly, this paper looks at the life of a female party leader. Then, the paper moves on
to the third subject, which is women and diversity. Here the paper discusses how it is for black
women to grow up in Dutch society, but also what life is like for a member of the LGBTQIA
community. Lastly, this section looks deeper into the lives of sex workers. Next, the paper discusses
subject four, which is women and violence. In this part, the paper talks about the amount of violence
that women experience and about honour killings. Ultimately, the paper discusses subject five, which
is women and progress. Here is discussed which women made progress in several fields of life and
certain feminist who fought for women rights which resulted in women progress. Additionally, this
subject also discusses the progress that we, as women, made in the field of work and abortion rights.
2
, Women & Work
Source 1:
Van den Breemer, A., & Frijters, S. (2019, November 19th). De loonkloof: waarom vrouwen nog
steeds minder verdienen dan mannen. Retrieved from de Volkskrant:
https://www.volkskrant.nl/kijkverder/v/2019/de-loonkloof-waarom-vrouwen-nog-steeds-minder-
verdienen-dan-mannen/?re
The sources give six explanations for the pay gap between men and women. The first explanation for
the pay gap is that the pay gap is not that bad after deducting logical factors. If you compare all
Dutch men and women without taking work experience and the type of job into consideration, then
the pay gap is only 7 per cent at a company and 5 per cent at a governmental institution. However,
with the logical factors, the percentage would be 19 per cent at a company and 8 per cent at a
governmental institution. The second explanation for the pay gap is that Dutch women are spoiled
part-time princesses and who therefore do not build a career with an appropriate salary. Moreover,
there is no other European country where the pay gap is as great as in the Netherlands: 73.8 per cent
of working women are part-time, versus 27.1 per cent of men.
The third explanation for the pay gap is that men tend to negotiate more about their salaries than
women. The negotiation is always based on gender stereotypes because, with men, the
conversations quickly go about the payment while with women there is always a doubt. This is
because women are seen as ‘’more demanding’’ when asking for money while with men it is seen as
a sign of assertiveness. The fourth explanation is that when women have kids they prefer to stay
home. Averagely, women are higher educated than men and earn more money at the start of their
carreers. However, when women give birth they often prefer to stay home. Only 15.1 per cent of
dutch mothers work full time, while 23 per cent of dutch mothers prefer taking care of their families
and the household.
The fifth explanation is that women have less ambition because women lose ambition faster than
men. The reasons for this are insufficient support, prejudices about women and the lack of role
models in the organization. The last explanation says that women choose the wrong sector. Women
tend to choose health, catering industry and the culture sector more often than men and these are
the sectors that pay less.
(347 words)
3
