1
Literatuursamenvatting
Minor rechtspsychologie
Emma Molenaar
RMIN10
September ‘25 – november ‘25
, 2
Inhoudsopgave
Bayesiaanse zaken .............................................................................................................................6
Hoofdstuk 1 – rechtspsychologie ......................................................................................................6
Psychologie als wetenschap .........................................................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 2 – Bayesiaans bewijs.......................................................................................................9
Thomas Bayes (1702 – 1761) ....................................................................................................... 10
Bayesiaanse benadering van strafrechtelijk bewijs ....................................................................... 11
Rechtspsychologie en likelihood ratio’s ....................................................................................... 13
Hoofdstuk 3 – herkennen door ooggetuigen ..................................................................................... 13
Vijftig regels voor het uitvoeren van een Osloconfrontatie ............................................................. 14
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 20
Hoofdstuk 4 – getuigenverklaringen ................................................................................................. 20
Waarnemingen ........................................................................................................................... 21
Retentie ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Spontane reconstructie .............................................................................................................. 23
Posthoc informatie ..................................................................................................................... 24
Het politieoptreden .................................................................................................................... 24
Persoonlijkheidskenmerken van de getuige .................................................................................. 26
De integriteit van de getuige ........................................................................................................ 26
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 31
Hoofdstuk 5 – bekentenissen .......................................................................................................... 31
Het belang van een bekentenis .................................................................................................... 31
Het verdachtenverhoor ............................................................................................................... 32
Wetenschappelijke kritiek op intensieve verdachtenverhoren ....................................................... 34
Valse bekentenissen ................................................................................................................... 35
Remedies .................................................................................................................................. 36
Conclusies .................................................................................................................................... 36
Legal psychology .............................................................................................................................. 38
Hoofdstuk 2 → psychologische wetenschap .................................................................................... 38
Psychodynamica ........................................................................................................................ 38
Het behaviorisme ....................................................................................................................... 38
Cognitivisme .............................................................................................................................. 40
Neuropsychologie ...................................................................................................................... 40
Kenmerken van wetenschap ....................................................................................................... 41
Wetenschappelijke scheuren en gebreken ................................................................................... 43
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 45
Hoofdstuk 3 – basis psychologische inzichten die relevant zijn voor juridische beslissingen................ 45
Perceptie ................................................................................................................................... 45
Geheugen .................................................................................................................................. 46
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Besluitvorming ........................................................................................................................... 49
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 52
Evaluatieonderzoek van de schiedammer parkmoord ...................................................................... 53
Hoofdstuk 1: verantwoording .......................................................................................................... 53
1.1 – inleiding ............................................................................................................................. 53
1.2: opdracht college van procureurs-generaal ............................................................................. 53
1.4: werkwijze evaluatieonderzoek .............................................................................................. 53
1.5: Onvolledigheid van het onderzoeksmateriaal. ........................................................................ 54
1.7: aangifte strafbare feiten ....................................................................................................... 54
Hoofdstuk 2: Afbakening van het evaluatieonderzoek ....................................................................... 54
Hoofdstuk 3: Organisatorische aspecten ......................................................................................... 55
3.1 De eerste uren ...................................................................................................................... 55
3.2 De Recherche Assistentie Groep ............................................................................................ 55
3.3 Kennis- en ervaringsniveau; huisvesting ................................................................................. 55
3.4 Teamleiding .......................................................................................................................... 55
3.5 Parket .................................................................................................................................. 56
3.6 Briefings en overleg teamleiding-officieren van justitie ............................................................ 56
3.7 Verslaglegging ...................................................................................................................... 56
3.8 Eindevaluatie van RAG ‘Park’ ................................................................................................. 56
3.9 Belangstelling van buiten het team; externe druk .................................................................... 57
3.10 Deskundigen ...................................................................................................................... 57
3.11 Beoordeling ........................................................................................................................ 57
3.12 Tegenspraak/kritische blik ................................................................................................... 57
3.13 Conclusies ......................................................................................................................... 57
3.14 Aanbevelingen .................................................................................................................... 57
Hoofdstuk 4: Het technische onderzoek .......................................................................................... 58
4.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................... 58
4.2 Technische recherche ........................................................................................................... 58
4.3 NFI ....................................................................................................................................... 60
4.4: het openbaar ministerie ....................................................................................................... 62
4.5 Conclusies ........................................................................................................................... 62
4.6: aanbevelingen ..................................................................................................................... 62
Hoofdstuk 5: Het tactische onderzoek ............................................................................................. 63
5.1 inleiding ............................................................................................................................... 63
5.2 opsporingsonderzoek tussen 23 Juni en de bekentenissen van Kees B. ..................................... 63
5.3: Opsporingsonderzoek na de bekentenissen van Kees B. ......................................................... 65
5.4: Opsporingsactiviteiten en aspecten die in beide periodes speelden ........................................ 65
5.5: beoordeling ......................................................................................................................... 66
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5.6: Conclusies .......................................................................................................................... 67
5.7: aanbeveling ......................................................................................................................... 67
Hoofdstuk 6: Maikel ....................................................................................................................... 67
6.1: Feitelijkheden ...................................................................................................................... 67
6.2 Beoordeling .......................................................................................................................... 69
6.3 conclusies ............................................................................................................................ 70
6.4 aanbevelingen ...................................................................................................................... 70
Hoofdstuk 7: de verhoren van Kees B. .............................................................................................. 70
7.1 Feitelijkheden ....................................................................................................................... 70
7.2 Beoordeling .......................................................................................................................... 72
7.3 Conclusies ........................................................................................................................... 74
7.4 Aanbevelingen ...................................................................................................................... 74
Hoofdstuk 8: Audiovisuele vastlegging van verdachtenverhoren ........................................................ 74
8.1 Valse bekentenissen ............................................................................................................. 74
8.2 Audiovisuele vastlegging van verdachtenverhoren .................................................................. 75
8.3 Schiedammer parkmoord ...................................................................................................... 75
8.4 Conclusies ........................................................................................................................... 75
8.5 Aanbevelingen ...................................................................................................................... 76
Hoofdstuk 9: De officier van justitie ................................................................................................. 76
9.1 Dossiersamenstelling............................................................................................................ 76
9.2 Omgang van de officieren van justitie met het onderzoeksteam ............................................... 77
9.3 Behandeling van de zaak bij de rechtbank .............................................................................. 77
9.4 Requisitoir ............................................................................................................................ 78
9.5 De voorlichtende rol van de officier van justitie aan de rechtbank en de verdediging .................. 79
9.6 Aanbevelingen ...................................................................................................................... 79
Hoofdstuk 10: De advocaat generaal ............................................................................................... 79
10.1 Feitelijkheden ..................................................................................................................... 79
10.2 Beoordeling ........................................................................................................................ 81
10.3 Conclusie ........................................................................................................................... 81
10.4 Aanbevelingen .................................................................................................................... 81
Hoofdstuk 11: de familierechercheur .............................................................................................. 81
11.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................. 81
11.2 De Schiedammer parkmoord ............................................................................................... 81
11.3 Conclusies ......................................................................................................................... 82
11.4 Aanbevelingen .................................................................................................................... 82
Hoofdstuk 12: Hoofdconclusies ...................................................................................................... 83
Artikelen ........................................................................................................................................... 84
Nahari, G., Vrij, A., & Fisher, R.P. (2014). The verifiability approach: Countermeasures facilitate its ability
to discriminate between truths and lies. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28, 122-128. .......................... 84
Literatuursamenvatting
Minor rechtspsychologie
Emma Molenaar
RMIN10
September ‘25 – november ‘25
, 2
Inhoudsopgave
Bayesiaanse zaken .............................................................................................................................6
Hoofdstuk 1 – rechtspsychologie ......................................................................................................6
Psychologie als wetenschap .........................................................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 2 – Bayesiaans bewijs.......................................................................................................9
Thomas Bayes (1702 – 1761) ....................................................................................................... 10
Bayesiaanse benadering van strafrechtelijk bewijs ....................................................................... 11
Rechtspsychologie en likelihood ratio’s ....................................................................................... 13
Hoofdstuk 3 – herkennen door ooggetuigen ..................................................................................... 13
Vijftig regels voor het uitvoeren van een Osloconfrontatie ............................................................. 14
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 20
Hoofdstuk 4 – getuigenverklaringen ................................................................................................. 20
Waarnemingen ........................................................................................................................... 21
Retentie ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Spontane reconstructie .............................................................................................................. 23
Posthoc informatie ..................................................................................................................... 24
Het politieoptreden .................................................................................................................... 24
Persoonlijkheidskenmerken van de getuige .................................................................................. 26
De integriteit van de getuige ........................................................................................................ 26
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 31
Hoofdstuk 5 – bekentenissen .......................................................................................................... 31
Het belang van een bekentenis .................................................................................................... 31
Het verdachtenverhoor ............................................................................................................... 32
Wetenschappelijke kritiek op intensieve verdachtenverhoren ....................................................... 34
Valse bekentenissen ................................................................................................................... 35
Remedies .................................................................................................................................. 36
Conclusies .................................................................................................................................... 36
Legal psychology .............................................................................................................................. 38
Hoofdstuk 2 → psychologische wetenschap .................................................................................... 38
Psychodynamica ........................................................................................................................ 38
Het behaviorisme ....................................................................................................................... 38
Cognitivisme .............................................................................................................................. 40
Neuropsychologie ...................................................................................................................... 40
Kenmerken van wetenschap ....................................................................................................... 41
Wetenschappelijke scheuren en gebreken ................................................................................... 43
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 45
Hoofdstuk 3 – basis psychologische inzichten die relevant zijn voor juridische beslissingen................ 45
Perceptie ................................................................................................................................... 45
Geheugen .................................................................................................................................. 46
, 3
Besluitvorming ........................................................................................................................... 49
Conclusie .................................................................................................................................. 52
Evaluatieonderzoek van de schiedammer parkmoord ...................................................................... 53
Hoofdstuk 1: verantwoording .......................................................................................................... 53
1.1 – inleiding ............................................................................................................................. 53
1.2: opdracht college van procureurs-generaal ............................................................................. 53
1.4: werkwijze evaluatieonderzoek .............................................................................................. 53
1.5: Onvolledigheid van het onderzoeksmateriaal. ........................................................................ 54
1.7: aangifte strafbare feiten ....................................................................................................... 54
Hoofdstuk 2: Afbakening van het evaluatieonderzoek ....................................................................... 54
Hoofdstuk 3: Organisatorische aspecten ......................................................................................... 55
3.1 De eerste uren ...................................................................................................................... 55
3.2 De Recherche Assistentie Groep ............................................................................................ 55
3.3 Kennis- en ervaringsniveau; huisvesting ................................................................................. 55
3.4 Teamleiding .......................................................................................................................... 55
3.5 Parket .................................................................................................................................. 56
3.6 Briefings en overleg teamleiding-officieren van justitie ............................................................ 56
3.7 Verslaglegging ...................................................................................................................... 56
3.8 Eindevaluatie van RAG ‘Park’ ................................................................................................. 56
3.9 Belangstelling van buiten het team; externe druk .................................................................... 57
3.10 Deskundigen ...................................................................................................................... 57
3.11 Beoordeling ........................................................................................................................ 57
3.12 Tegenspraak/kritische blik ................................................................................................... 57
3.13 Conclusies ......................................................................................................................... 57
3.14 Aanbevelingen .................................................................................................................... 57
Hoofdstuk 4: Het technische onderzoek .......................................................................................... 58
4.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................... 58
4.2 Technische recherche ........................................................................................................... 58
4.3 NFI ....................................................................................................................................... 60
4.4: het openbaar ministerie ....................................................................................................... 62
4.5 Conclusies ........................................................................................................................... 62
4.6: aanbevelingen ..................................................................................................................... 62
Hoofdstuk 5: Het tactische onderzoek ............................................................................................. 63
5.1 inleiding ............................................................................................................................... 63
5.2 opsporingsonderzoek tussen 23 Juni en de bekentenissen van Kees B. ..................................... 63
5.3: Opsporingsonderzoek na de bekentenissen van Kees B. ......................................................... 65
5.4: Opsporingsactiviteiten en aspecten die in beide periodes speelden ........................................ 65
5.5: beoordeling ......................................................................................................................... 66
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5.6: Conclusies .......................................................................................................................... 67
5.7: aanbeveling ......................................................................................................................... 67
Hoofdstuk 6: Maikel ....................................................................................................................... 67
6.1: Feitelijkheden ...................................................................................................................... 67
6.2 Beoordeling .......................................................................................................................... 69
6.3 conclusies ............................................................................................................................ 70
6.4 aanbevelingen ...................................................................................................................... 70
Hoofdstuk 7: de verhoren van Kees B. .............................................................................................. 70
7.1 Feitelijkheden ....................................................................................................................... 70
7.2 Beoordeling .......................................................................................................................... 72
7.3 Conclusies ........................................................................................................................... 74
7.4 Aanbevelingen ...................................................................................................................... 74
Hoofdstuk 8: Audiovisuele vastlegging van verdachtenverhoren ........................................................ 74
8.1 Valse bekentenissen ............................................................................................................. 74
8.2 Audiovisuele vastlegging van verdachtenverhoren .................................................................. 75
8.3 Schiedammer parkmoord ...................................................................................................... 75
8.4 Conclusies ........................................................................................................................... 75
8.5 Aanbevelingen ...................................................................................................................... 76
Hoofdstuk 9: De officier van justitie ................................................................................................. 76
9.1 Dossiersamenstelling............................................................................................................ 76
9.2 Omgang van de officieren van justitie met het onderzoeksteam ............................................... 77
9.3 Behandeling van de zaak bij de rechtbank .............................................................................. 77
9.4 Requisitoir ............................................................................................................................ 78
9.5 De voorlichtende rol van de officier van justitie aan de rechtbank en de verdediging .................. 79
9.6 Aanbevelingen ...................................................................................................................... 79
Hoofdstuk 10: De advocaat generaal ............................................................................................... 79
10.1 Feitelijkheden ..................................................................................................................... 79
10.2 Beoordeling ........................................................................................................................ 81
10.3 Conclusie ........................................................................................................................... 81
10.4 Aanbevelingen .................................................................................................................... 81
Hoofdstuk 11: de familierechercheur .............................................................................................. 81
11.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................. 81
11.2 De Schiedammer parkmoord ............................................................................................... 81
11.3 Conclusies ......................................................................................................................... 82
11.4 Aanbevelingen .................................................................................................................... 82
Hoofdstuk 12: Hoofdconclusies ...................................................................................................... 83
Artikelen ........................................................................................................................................... 84
Nahari, G., Vrij, A., & Fisher, R.P. (2014). The verifiability approach: Countermeasures facilitate its ability
to discriminate between truths and lies. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28, 122-128. .......................... 84
