The 1990s Nego,a,ons Process in SA: Obstacles & Successes
Nego,a,on Conflict/Challenges/Obstacles Concessions/Compromises
- Brief nego+a+ons Na+onal Party - Police opened fire on an+- - The Na+onal Party government
government (De Klerk, Niel apartheid protestors in Sebokeng administered the Goldstone
Barnard) and Nelson Mandela - Killed 14 residents protes+ng Commission to inves+gate the
(while isolated at Victor Verster unaffordable rents and the violence
Prison) segrega+on of local facili+es - Troops were sent into Sebokeng to
- 02 February 1990: The - ANC claimed that the future of restore the peace
“Unbanning Speech” - liOs ban on nego+a+ons rested with Na+onal - Granted temporary indemnity to
the ANC, the PAC and the SACP Party government’s willingness to the ANC exiles who were to be
- Nego+a+ng talks were schedule end township violence involved in nego+a+ons
for April 1990
- May 1990: The Groote Schuur - Ongoing violence in South Africa - The Pretoria Minute led to the
Minute - bilateral talk to iden+fy - Na+onal Party government were ANC’s suspension of the armed
the challenges alleged to be financially funding struggle- uMkhonto we Sizwe was
- Was necessary to secure a poli+cal Inkatha in the poli+cal struggle not disbanded, however
seYlement and bring an end to against the ANC - The Na+onal Party government
ongoing poli+cal violence liOed the na+on-wide State of
- Characterised by a commitment to Emergency - everywhere except
the process, coopera+on between for Natal
the par+es - Evidence of compromise between
- August 1990: The Pretoria Minute the two par+es
- second bilateral talk
- December 1991: Conven,on for A - 12 January 1991: Sebokeng killing - 14 September 1991: Na,onal
Democra,c South Africa - mul+- - ongoing violence Peace Accord
party conference including 19 - The Conserva+ve Party, PAC, and - Signed by 27 poli+cal
divergent poli+cal groupings AZAPO boycoYed CODESA 1 organisa+ons in prepara+on for
- Inkatha and Bantustan leaders - Later, Buthelezi (Inkatha) pulled CODESA 1
were involved out - The Declara,on of Intent was
signed as evidence of each party’s
commitment to the process and
the following of a 2-stage process
- STAGE 1: Interim Cons+tu+on
draOed
- STAGE 2: First elected parliament
would implement this provisional
cons+tu+on while Na+onal
Cons+tuent Assembly draOed the
final cons+tu+on - would be
adopted thereaOer
- Whites-Only Referendum: De
Klerk received 68% of the vote to
secure white support for the
reform process
- However, his ‘victory’ made him
uncompromising at CODESA 2
Nego,a,on Conflict/Challenges/Obstacles Concessions/Compromises
- Brief nego+a+ons Na+onal Party - Police opened fire on an+- - The Na+onal Party government
government (De Klerk, Niel apartheid protestors in Sebokeng administered the Goldstone
Barnard) and Nelson Mandela - Killed 14 residents protes+ng Commission to inves+gate the
(while isolated at Victor Verster unaffordable rents and the violence
Prison) segrega+on of local facili+es - Troops were sent into Sebokeng to
- 02 February 1990: The - ANC claimed that the future of restore the peace
“Unbanning Speech” - liOs ban on nego+a+ons rested with Na+onal - Granted temporary indemnity to
the ANC, the PAC and the SACP Party government’s willingness to the ANC exiles who were to be
- Nego+a+ng talks were schedule end township violence involved in nego+a+ons
for April 1990
- May 1990: The Groote Schuur - Ongoing violence in South Africa - The Pretoria Minute led to the
Minute - bilateral talk to iden+fy - Na+onal Party government were ANC’s suspension of the armed
the challenges alleged to be financially funding struggle- uMkhonto we Sizwe was
- Was necessary to secure a poli+cal Inkatha in the poli+cal struggle not disbanded, however
seYlement and bring an end to against the ANC - The Na+onal Party government
ongoing poli+cal violence liOed the na+on-wide State of
- Characterised by a commitment to Emergency - everywhere except
the process, coopera+on between for Natal
the par+es - Evidence of compromise between
- August 1990: The Pretoria Minute the two par+es
- second bilateral talk
- December 1991: Conven,on for A - 12 January 1991: Sebokeng killing - 14 September 1991: Na,onal
Democra,c South Africa - mul+- - ongoing violence Peace Accord
party conference including 19 - The Conserva+ve Party, PAC, and - Signed by 27 poli+cal
divergent poli+cal groupings AZAPO boycoYed CODESA 1 organisa+ons in prepara+on for
- Inkatha and Bantustan leaders - Later, Buthelezi (Inkatha) pulled CODESA 1
were involved out - The Declara,on of Intent was
signed as evidence of each party’s
commitment to the process and
the following of a 2-stage process
- STAGE 1: Interim Cons+tu+on
draOed
- STAGE 2: First elected parliament
would implement this provisional
cons+tu+on while Na+onal
Cons+tuent Assembly draOed the
final cons+tu+on - would be
adopted thereaOer
- Whites-Only Referendum: De
Klerk received 68% of the vote to
secure white support for the
reform process
- However, his ‘victory’ made him
uncompromising at CODESA 2
