§1
The start of the roman republic
Rome settlement started In the eight century, population grew fast because it was by the
sea. It was ruled by a king for 250 years 509 BC the king chased out. That is how Rome
became a Republic. Then the city was governed by rich people, They formed the senate,
they decided the rules and laws. The two consuls were the powerfullest. They were chosen
once a year.
Growth of the roman empire
In the fourth century they started conquering so they got more power, fame and riches.
272BC they owned very much from Italy. But not the mediteraen and that was very important
for them because that was the biggest trade place. Later they conquered North-Africa,
France. This was called the Roman Empire.
Non-Romans could be rewarded with citizenship rights. they give them advenges like
possibilities of being an administrator. Or be a defender.
Reasons for empire roman growth:
1. good army
2. they treated their enemies very well after defeating them.
The roman army was very powerful also because they had good weapons and they were
well trained. The soldiers also were very good because all of them had their own tasks.
From the roman republic to imperial Rome
The generals became more and more powerful. if they did not agree by the decision by the
senate. they could be threatened. A famous general was Julius Caesar in the first century
BC he conquered a large area. In the end he was made a dictator, he needed to sort out
things. 27BC Augustus won a war between him and senators. then there were two cenaters
every year they were chosen by Augustus. They first and second century also known as the
Pax Roma.(Roman Peace)
Wordlist:
republic: A state that is governed by one or more elected leaders.
senate: several hundred rich people that govern the Roman Republic.
consuls: Most important administrator and army general in the time of the Roman Republic,
these were 2 people who selected each year
veto right:A Right to stop a decision.
Roman Empire: An empire governed a large area that existed roughly from 300BC and
1450 AD
dictator: Someone who rules alone.
emperor:Ruler of the Roman Empire
Pax Romana: literally Roman peace
Citizenship rights: Roman citizens had special rights such as the right not to be sentenced
without a trial.
, §2
life in a countryside
Most people in the roman empire lived in the countryside. up to the second century BC.
Many Romans were free. The free farmers formed an important stratum in the roman
society. 2d Century it became smaller, they had to fight in the army. After they got financial
problems they had to sell their land and moved to the cities the big landowners lived in big
villa’s.
Life in city
changes in the countryside had big consequences for the cities. Poor farmers fled so they
had more people and the farmers had nothing left. so we call them proletarians.
The elite are the people on the top and they give the proletarians gifts.The proletarians
would rise up and the elite wanted to prevent this. gladiatorial games are particularly famous.
professional fighters hunted on wild animals.
Slaves and women
slaves had a low position in the roman society, they had no rights. There were a lot of
slaves, in around 100 bc one third of the population were slaves. rich people had a lot of
slaves. Roman women also had just a few rights, they were controlled by their husband,
brothers or dads. They had to take care of the house and could not be a part of the
government.
Big landowners: someone who owned a lot of land and is very rich and powerful
Villa’s: A house in a country belonging to a big landowner
proletarians: A roman citizen who was poor and got support from the rich and powerful
people.
elite: the group of the richest and most powerful people in a society.
gladiatorial games: Show in which professional fighters fought to the death sometimes with
animals.
§3
Roman culture.
The Romans had almost the same culture as the Greeks because they admired the Greeks,
the buildings from them, sculpture and poetry. And they also worshipped the same gods. Of
course they had a few customs from themself, they worshipped their own emperors, they
had their own clothes that called a toga, and they also made themselves a bathhouse.
Roman law was the law throughout the empire.
Meeting local cultures
Greek/roman culture spread out very fast. They build armies and many bathhouses. if they
own someone in a war they could hold their own culture. so the greek culture was unknown
in many regions. The leaders that won in war were interested in the roman culture. the gods
were given roman features that were called
The start of the roman republic
Rome settlement started In the eight century, population grew fast because it was by the
sea. It was ruled by a king for 250 years 509 BC the king chased out. That is how Rome
became a Republic. Then the city was governed by rich people, They formed the senate,
they decided the rules and laws. The two consuls were the powerfullest. They were chosen
once a year.
Growth of the roman empire
In the fourth century they started conquering so they got more power, fame and riches.
272BC they owned very much from Italy. But not the mediteraen and that was very important
for them because that was the biggest trade place. Later they conquered North-Africa,
France. This was called the Roman Empire.
Non-Romans could be rewarded with citizenship rights. they give them advenges like
possibilities of being an administrator. Or be a defender.
Reasons for empire roman growth:
1. good army
2. they treated their enemies very well after defeating them.
The roman army was very powerful also because they had good weapons and they were
well trained. The soldiers also were very good because all of them had their own tasks.
From the roman republic to imperial Rome
The generals became more and more powerful. if they did not agree by the decision by the
senate. they could be threatened. A famous general was Julius Caesar in the first century
BC he conquered a large area. In the end he was made a dictator, he needed to sort out
things. 27BC Augustus won a war between him and senators. then there were two cenaters
every year they were chosen by Augustus. They first and second century also known as the
Pax Roma.(Roman Peace)
Wordlist:
republic: A state that is governed by one or more elected leaders.
senate: several hundred rich people that govern the Roman Republic.
consuls: Most important administrator and army general in the time of the Roman Republic,
these were 2 people who selected each year
veto right:A Right to stop a decision.
Roman Empire: An empire governed a large area that existed roughly from 300BC and
1450 AD
dictator: Someone who rules alone.
emperor:Ruler of the Roman Empire
Pax Romana: literally Roman peace
Citizenship rights: Roman citizens had special rights such as the right not to be sentenced
without a trial.
, §2
life in a countryside
Most people in the roman empire lived in the countryside. up to the second century BC.
Many Romans were free. The free farmers formed an important stratum in the roman
society. 2d Century it became smaller, they had to fight in the army. After they got financial
problems they had to sell their land and moved to the cities the big landowners lived in big
villa’s.
Life in city
changes in the countryside had big consequences for the cities. Poor farmers fled so they
had more people and the farmers had nothing left. so we call them proletarians.
The elite are the people on the top and they give the proletarians gifts.The proletarians
would rise up and the elite wanted to prevent this. gladiatorial games are particularly famous.
professional fighters hunted on wild animals.
Slaves and women
slaves had a low position in the roman society, they had no rights. There were a lot of
slaves, in around 100 bc one third of the population were slaves. rich people had a lot of
slaves. Roman women also had just a few rights, they were controlled by their husband,
brothers or dads. They had to take care of the house and could not be a part of the
government.
Big landowners: someone who owned a lot of land and is very rich and powerful
Villa’s: A house in a country belonging to a big landowner
proletarians: A roman citizen who was poor and got support from the rich and powerful
people.
elite: the group of the richest and most powerful people in a society.
gladiatorial games: Show in which professional fighters fought to the death sometimes with
animals.
§3
Roman culture.
The Romans had almost the same culture as the Greeks because they admired the Greeks,
the buildings from them, sculpture and poetry. And they also worshipped the same gods. Of
course they had a few customs from themself, they worshipped their own emperors, they
had their own clothes that called a toga, and they also made themselves a bathhouse.
Roman law was the law throughout the empire.
Meeting local cultures
Greek/roman culture spread out very fast. They build armies and many bathhouses. if they
own someone in a war they could hold their own culture. so the greek culture was unknown
in many regions. The leaders that won in war were interested in the roman culture. the gods
were given roman features that were called
