ORGANISATIEPSYCHOLOGIE
Gedrag in organisaties
Samenvatting
Hoofdstuk 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 11 & 12
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: introductie in de organisatiepsychologie........................................................4
Wat is organisatiepsychologie?.....................................................................................................4
Wat is een organisatie?...................................................................................................................................5
Historiek van de organisatiepsychologie: de voorgeschiedenis.....................................................5
Adam Smith (1776)..........................................................................................................................................5
F. Taylor (1911)................................................................................................................................................5
De human relations beweging (Elton Mayo)...................................................................................................6
Hawthorne Experimenten...............................................................................................................................6
Het revisionisme..............................................................................................................................................6
De hedendaagse organisatie.........................................................................................................6
Virtualisering & flexibilisering..........................................................................................................................6
Vermenselijking...............................................................................................................................................6
Kennis als belangrijkste troef...........................................................................................................................6
Automatisering en digitalisering......................................................................................................................7
Klantgerichtheid...............................................................................................................................................7
Globalisering....................................................................................................................................................7
Pluriform personeelsbestand : managen van diversiteit................................................................................7
De drang naar innovaties.................................................................................................................................8
Het nieuwe werken..........................................................................................................................................8
Besluit:..........................................................................................................................................8
Hoofdstuk 2: Motivatie.......................................................................................................9
Wat is motivatie?..........................................................................................................................9
Bekrachtiging vs zelfdeterminantie...............................................................................................9
Maslow’s behoeftenpiramide......................................................................................................10
Assumpties en kritiek.....................................................................................................................................11
McGregor: 2 visies op de mensheid.............................................................................................11
Herzberg: 2-factoren theorie.......................................................................................................11
Behoeftentheorie van McClelland...............................................................................................12
Doelstellingen van Locke.............................................................................................................12
Doelstellingstheorie (goal-setting theory)...................................................................................13
Rechtvaardigheidstheorie / Equality Theory (Adams).................................................................13
Reacties op onevenwicht...............................................................................................................................14
Verwachtingstheorie (Vroom).....................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 3: motivatie: van theorie naar praktijk.............................................................16
Management by objectives.........................................................................................................16
Jobontwerp & herontwerp..........................................................................................................16
Motiveren via de aard van het werk: herontwerp van de taken..................................................................16
Job Characteristics Model............................................................................................................17
Richtlijnen voor taakverrijking.......................................................................................................................17
Alternatieve werkvormen...........................................................................................................18
Voordelen flextijd..........................................................................................................................................18
Telewerken/ thuiswerken..............................................................................................................................18
1
, Werknemersbetrokkenheid........................................................................................................18
Erkenning van werknemers...........................................................................................................................19
Motivatie checklist…......................................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 8: Groepsgedrag: Teams in organisaties...........................................................20
Kansen en bedreigingen in groepen............................................................................................20
Sociale facilitatie en belemmering...............................................................................................20
Lijntrekken/ social loafing...........................................................................................................20
Besluitvorming in groepen..........................................................................................................20
Voordelen beslissen in groep......................................................................................................20
De donkere kant van beslissen in groep: groepsdenken..............................................................21
Groepsdenken (Janis)..................................................................................................................21
Groepsdenken tegengaan............................................................................................................21
Belang en populariteit van teams................................................................................................21
Groepen vs teams........................................................................................................................22
Werkgroepen.................................................................................................................................................22
Werkteams.....................................................................................................................................................22
Wat is een team? (Johnson)........................................................................................................22
Soorten teams.............................................................................................................................23
Adviserende teams of Probleemoplossende teams......................................................................................23
Zelfsturende teams........................................................................................................................................23
Projectteams of Crossfunctionele teams.......................................................................................................23
Actieteams.....................................................................................................................................................23
Virtuele teams...............................................................................................................................................23
Groepscohesie.............................................................................................................................24
Groepscohesie (Ganmage)...........................................................................................................24
Teamrollen van Belbin.................................................................................................................24
Effectieve teams..........................................................................................................................25
Effectieve teams (Robbins)..........................................................................................................25
Niet effectieve teams (Rayner, team traps).................................................................................26
Teambuilding..............................................................................................................................26
High performance teams (Buelens).............................................................................................26
Doen teams het altijd beter?.......................................................................................................26
Hoofdstuk 9: Leiderschap in organisaties...........................................................................27
Leiden versus managen...............................................................................................................27
Visies op effectief leiderschap.....................................................................................................27
Leiderschap als karakter................................................................................................................................27
Leiderschap als algemene gedragsstijl..........................................................................................................28
Situationele benadering................................................................................................................................28
Contingentiemodel van Fiedler.....................................................................................................................29
Pad-doel theorie (house)...............................................................................................................................30
Hersey & Blanchard, situatationeel leiderschap model................................................................................31
2
, Hedendaagse visie.......................................................................................................................31
Transformationeel leiderschap......................................................................................................................32
Charismatisch leiderschap (Buelens).............................................................................................................32
Leiderschap....................................................................................................................................................32
Hoofdstuk 11: Organisatiestructuur...................................................................................34
Elementen van structuur.............................................................................................................34
Arbeidsverdeling en specialisatie..................................................................................................................34
Afdelingsvorming...........................................................................................................................................34
Hierarchische aspecten van structuur...........................................................................................................36
Typologie van organisatieregimes...............................................................................................36
Pioniersregime...............................................................................................................................................37
Bureaucratisch regime...................................................................................................................................37
Flexibel regime...............................................................................................................................................37
Netwerkorganisatie/ hyperflexibele organisatie...........................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 12: de organisatiecultuur..................................................................................39
Wat verstaan we onder organisatiecultuur?................................................................................39
Typologie van organisatieculturen..............................................................................................39
De goden typologie van Harrison & Handy...................................................................................................39
De typologie van Deal & Kennedy.................................................................................................................39
Zeven kenmerken model van Robbins..........................................................................................................40
Dichotomie tussen sterke en zwakke organisatieculturen...........................................................................40
Functies, voordelen en nadelen van een cultuur.........................................................................41
Functies van cultuur.......................................................................................................................................41
Voordelen van cultuur...................................................................................................................................41
cultuur als minpunt........................................................................................................................................41
Ontstaan van organisatieculturen...............................................................................................42
Culturen creëren en in stand houden............................................................................................................42
Hoe wordt cultuur overgedragen?...............................................................................................43
Organisatiecultuur & nationale cultuur.......................................................................................43
3
Gedrag in organisaties
Samenvatting
Hoofdstuk 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 11 & 12
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: introductie in de organisatiepsychologie........................................................4
Wat is organisatiepsychologie?.....................................................................................................4
Wat is een organisatie?...................................................................................................................................5
Historiek van de organisatiepsychologie: de voorgeschiedenis.....................................................5
Adam Smith (1776)..........................................................................................................................................5
F. Taylor (1911)................................................................................................................................................5
De human relations beweging (Elton Mayo)...................................................................................................6
Hawthorne Experimenten...............................................................................................................................6
Het revisionisme..............................................................................................................................................6
De hedendaagse organisatie.........................................................................................................6
Virtualisering & flexibilisering..........................................................................................................................6
Vermenselijking...............................................................................................................................................6
Kennis als belangrijkste troef...........................................................................................................................6
Automatisering en digitalisering......................................................................................................................7
Klantgerichtheid...............................................................................................................................................7
Globalisering....................................................................................................................................................7
Pluriform personeelsbestand : managen van diversiteit................................................................................7
De drang naar innovaties.................................................................................................................................8
Het nieuwe werken..........................................................................................................................................8
Besluit:..........................................................................................................................................8
Hoofdstuk 2: Motivatie.......................................................................................................9
Wat is motivatie?..........................................................................................................................9
Bekrachtiging vs zelfdeterminantie...............................................................................................9
Maslow’s behoeftenpiramide......................................................................................................10
Assumpties en kritiek.....................................................................................................................................11
McGregor: 2 visies op de mensheid.............................................................................................11
Herzberg: 2-factoren theorie.......................................................................................................11
Behoeftentheorie van McClelland...............................................................................................12
Doelstellingen van Locke.............................................................................................................12
Doelstellingstheorie (goal-setting theory)...................................................................................13
Rechtvaardigheidstheorie / Equality Theory (Adams).................................................................13
Reacties op onevenwicht...............................................................................................................................14
Verwachtingstheorie (Vroom).....................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 3: motivatie: van theorie naar praktijk.............................................................16
Management by objectives.........................................................................................................16
Jobontwerp & herontwerp..........................................................................................................16
Motiveren via de aard van het werk: herontwerp van de taken..................................................................16
Job Characteristics Model............................................................................................................17
Richtlijnen voor taakverrijking.......................................................................................................................17
Alternatieve werkvormen...........................................................................................................18
Voordelen flextijd..........................................................................................................................................18
Telewerken/ thuiswerken..............................................................................................................................18
1
, Werknemersbetrokkenheid........................................................................................................18
Erkenning van werknemers...........................................................................................................................19
Motivatie checklist…......................................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 8: Groepsgedrag: Teams in organisaties...........................................................20
Kansen en bedreigingen in groepen............................................................................................20
Sociale facilitatie en belemmering...............................................................................................20
Lijntrekken/ social loafing...........................................................................................................20
Besluitvorming in groepen..........................................................................................................20
Voordelen beslissen in groep......................................................................................................20
De donkere kant van beslissen in groep: groepsdenken..............................................................21
Groepsdenken (Janis)..................................................................................................................21
Groepsdenken tegengaan............................................................................................................21
Belang en populariteit van teams................................................................................................21
Groepen vs teams........................................................................................................................22
Werkgroepen.................................................................................................................................................22
Werkteams.....................................................................................................................................................22
Wat is een team? (Johnson)........................................................................................................22
Soorten teams.............................................................................................................................23
Adviserende teams of Probleemoplossende teams......................................................................................23
Zelfsturende teams........................................................................................................................................23
Projectteams of Crossfunctionele teams.......................................................................................................23
Actieteams.....................................................................................................................................................23
Virtuele teams...............................................................................................................................................23
Groepscohesie.............................................................................................................................24
Groepscohesie (Ganmage)...........................................................................................................24
Teamrollen van Belbin.................................................................................................................24
Effectieve teams..........................................................................................................................25
Effectieve teams (Robbins)..........................................................................................................25
Niet effectieve teams (Rayner, team traps).................................................................................26
Teambuilding..............................................................................................................................26
High performance teams (Buelens).............................................................................................26
Doen teams het altijd beter?.......................................................................................................26
Hoofdstuk 9: Leiderschap in organisaties...........................................................................27
Leiden versus managen...............................................................................................................27
Visies op effectief leiderschap.....................................................................................................27
Leiderschap als karakter................................................................................................................................27
Leiderschap als algemene gedragsstijl..........................................................................................................28
Situationele benadering................................................................................................................................28
Contingentiemodel van Fiedler.....................................................................................................................29
Pad-doel theorie (house)...............................................................................................................................30
Hersey & Blanchard, situatationeel leiderschap model................................................................................31
2
, Hedendaagse visie.......................................................................................................................31
Transformationeel leiderschap......................................................................................................................32
Charismatisch leiderschap (Buelens).............................................................................................................32
Leiderschap....................................................................................................................................................32
Hoofdstuk 11: Organisatiestructuur...................................................................................34
Elementen van structuur.............................................................................................................34
Arbeidsverdeling en specialisatie..................................................................................................................34
Afdelingsvorming...........................................................................................................................................34
Hierarchische aspecten van structuur...........................................................................................................36
Typologie van organisatieregimes...............................................................................................36
Pioniersregime...............................................................................................................................................37
Bureaucratisch regime...................................................................................................................................37
Flexibel regime...............................................................................................................................................37
Netwerkorganisatie/ hyperflexibele organisatie...........................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 12: de organisatiecultuur..................................................................................39
Wat verstaan we onder organisatiecultuur?................................................................................39
Typologie van organisatieculturen..............................................................................................39
De goden typologie van Harrison & Handy...................................................................................................39
De typologie van Deal & Kennedy.................................................................................................................39
Zeven kenmerken model van Robbins..........................................................................................................40
Dichotomie tussen sterke en zwakke organisatieculturen...........................................................................40
Functies, voordelen en nadelen van een cultuur.........................................................................41
Functies van cultuur.......................................................................................................................................41
Voordelen van cultuur...................................................................................................................................41
cultuur als minpunt........................................................................................................................................41
Ontstaan van organisatieculturen...............................................................................................42
Culturen creëren en in stand houden............................................................................................................42
Hoe wordt cultuur overgedragen?...............................................................................................43
Organisatiecultuur & nationale cultuur.......................................................................................43
3
