Theories Digital Health Communication 2021
T1: Persuasive technology (1)
1. The Cehres roadmap
The CeHRes roadmap is a framework that provides guidelines for a holistic
development approach of an eHealth technology. It is a manual to develop
impactful interventions. Holism is a central construct with regard to
ehealth development. It means that constructs as technology, people and
context are all interrelated and interdependent, and are all part of one
whole instead of separate elements. While the roadmap consists of
separate blocks, it definitely does not represent a sequential development
process in which one phase has to be finished to move on to the next.
1. Contextual inquiry = thorough investigation of the context. Relevant
stakeholders have to be identified, then analyzed and weak/strong
points have to be described of the current situation
2. Value specification = added value of a technology, specifying the
demands from the implementation context and finding out what is
required from the design of the technology by the identified
stakeholders
3. Design = a technology fits the wishes and needs from the
stakeholders
4. Operationalization = planning and actions for introduction,
dissemination, adoption and internalization of the technology in the
intended context
5. Summative evaluation = important to determine if the added value
that was identifie in the value specification was achieved and if, and
what kind of influence the eHealth technology had on the broad
issue described in the contextual inquiry.
6. Formative evaluation = all development activities are interrelated
and outcomes and decisions can constantly be adapted.
T2: Persuasive technology (2)
Rational models
- Human behavior is voluntary and planned people intend to
change behavior, and we are responsible for our own actions
- If you successfully change the determinants of the behavior,
you will be successful in changing behavior
, 1. Rational model: The theory of planned behavior
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a psychological theory that
links beliefs to behavior. The theory maintains that three core
components, namely, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral
control, together shape an individual's behavioral intentions. In turn, a
tenet of TPD is that behavioral intention is the most proximal determinant
of human social behavior.
- Attitude = general evaluation of the behavior (good versus bad, wise
versus unwise)
- Beliefs
- Perceived behavioral control = performing the behavior is (not)
under my control general idea if the behavior is under your, or
under someone else’s control
- Intention = the motivational state to engage in a behavior
- Subjective norm = will others approve the behavior? Do others
perform the behavior?
- Self-efficacy = performing the behavior is easy/difficult
Example
Behavior you want to change: I want to stop smoking
Belief: My friends think I am dull if I don’t join them in smoke breaks
Belief targeted: Stopping with smoking will reduce my risk of lung cancer
Belief targeted: smoking helps me in stressful situations
Subjective norm: Do others perform the behavior? Do others approve this
behavior?
Self-efficacy: Performing the behavior is easy/difficult
How to employ the theory of planned behavior in a digital health
intervention?
1. Which determinants and underlying beliefs are most predictive of
(intention of perform) the target behavior?
a. Think about target behavior, population and context
i. How to find this out? literature reviews
2. There should be sufficient people who do not already hold this belief.
It is important to know how many people hold the belief
T1: Persuasive technology (1)
1. The Cehres roadmap
The CeHRes roadmap is a framework that provides guidelines for a holistic
development approach of an eHealth technology. It is a manual to develop
impactful interventions. Holism is a central construct with regard to
ehealth development. It means that constructs as technology, people and
context are all interrelated and interdependent, and are all part of one
whole instead of separate elements. While the roadmap consists of
separate blocks, it definitely does not represent a sequential development
process in which one phase has to be finished to move on to the next.
1. Contextual inquiry = thorough investigation of the context. Relevant
stakeholders have to be identified, then analyzed and weak/strong
points have to be described of the current situation
2. Value specification = added value of a technology, specifying the
demands from the implementation context and finding out what is
required from the design of the technology by the identified
stakeholders
3. Design = a technology fits the wishes and needs from the
stakeholders
4. Operationalization = planning and actions for introduction,
dissemination, adoption and internalization of the technology in the
intended context
5. Summative evaluation = important to determine if the added value
that was identifie in the value specification was achieved and if, and
what kind of influence the eHealth technology had on the broad
issue described in the contextual inquiry.
6. Formative evaluation = all development activities are interrelated
and outcomes and decisions can constantly be adapted.
T2: Persuasive technology (2)
Rational models
- Human behavior is voluntary and planned people intend to
change behavior, and we are responsible for our own actions
- If you successfully change the determinants of the behavior,
you will be successful in changing behavior
, 1. Rational model: The theory of planned behavior
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a psychological theory that
links beliefs to behavior. The theory maintains that three core
components, namely, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral
control, together shape an individual's behavioral intentions. In turn, a
tenet of TPD is that behavioral intention is the most proximal determinant
of human social behavior.
- Attitude = general evaluation of the behavior (good versus bad, wise
versus unwise)
- Beliefs
- Perceived behavioral control = performing the behavior is (not)
under my control general idea if the behavior is under your, or
under someone else’s control
- Intention = the motivational state to engage in a behavior
- Subjective norm = will others approve the behavior? Do others
perform the behavior?
- Self-efficacy = performing the behavior is easy/difficult
Example
Behavior you want to change: I want to stop smoking
Belief: My friends think I am dull if I don’t join them in smoke breaks
Belief targeted: Stopping with smoking will reduce my risk of lung cancer
Belief targeted: smoking helps me in stressful situations
Subjective norm: Do others perform the behavior? Do others approve this
behavior?
Self-efficacy: Performing the behavior is easy/difficult
How to employ the theory of planned behavior in a digital health
intervention?
1. Which determinants and underlying beliefs are most predictive of
(intention of perform) the target behavior?
a. Think about target behavior, population and context
i. How to find this out? literature reviews
2. There should be sufficient people who do not already hold this belief.
It is important to know how many people hold the belief
