MEDICAL GENETICS 5TH JORDE TEST
BANK TEST PAPER 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
EXAM REVIEW AND SOLUTIONS
⩥ Pure-breeding individuals always have the _________ genotype.
Answer: homozygous
⩥ T/F A collection of clones containing all the DNA sequences carried
by an individual is called a genomic library. Answer: True
⩥ Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancers (HNPCC) ____.
a. are caused by one-of-a-kind DNA sequences called microsatellites
b. are caused by one mutation in a single gene
c. begin with a mutation in the APC gene
d. are rare in the United States, but common in Europe
e. are caused by several mutations in several different genes Answer: E
⩥ The inheritance of human traits is predictable because the genes
controlling them exhibit the principles of both ________ and ________
during meiosis. Answer: segregation/independent assortment
,⩥ An individual who is at risk of passing a genetic defect onto his or her
offspring would most likely undergo ____.
a. genetic testing
b. preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
c. amniocentesis
d. enzyme replacement therapy
e. genetic screening Answer: A
⩥ T/F For threshold traits, the liability for a genetic disorder is
distributed among individuals in a bell-shaped curve. Answer: True
⩥ A cell that cannot form spindle fibers cannot ____.
a. exchange gases across the plasma membrane
b. perform mitosis nor meiosis
c. engage in protein synthesis
d. engage in energy production
e. perform DNA replication Answer: B
⩥ T/F Nonsense mutations change termination codons into amino acid
codons. Answer: False
,⩥ A cellular molecular pathway by which an external signal is converted
into a functional response is called _________ Answer: signal
transduction
⩥ T/F Dizygotic twins originate from two separate fertilization events.
Answer: True
⩥ PBDEs are ____.
a. permitted in many European countries but banned in the United
States
b. banned worldwide but are still being used illegally
c. banned in many European countries but permitted in most states in
the United States
d. banned in many Europeans countries and all states in the United
States
e. permitted in only one European country and in only 11 states in the
United States Answer: C
⩥ One possible explanation for why _________ is a primary risk factor
for autosomal trisomy is that oocytes remain in meiosis I until ovulation,
which could take place many years after birth, making them more
susceptible to damage. Answer: maternal age
, ⩥ One finding of the Human Genome Project was that mutations in
_____ can cause mutations in distant regions of the genome, which can
result in cancer.
a. open reading frames
b. introns
c. promoter regions
d. DNA repair genes
e. SNPs Answer: D
⩥ If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I, ____.
a. all gametes will be abnormal
b. two gametes will be normal and two will be missing one
chromosome
c. all gametes will be normal
d. two gametes will be normal and two will have one extra chromosome
e. three gametes will be normal and one will have two extra
chromosomes Answer: A
⩥ Which genetic diseases involve defects in DNA repair that affect cell
division?
BANK TEST PAPER 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
EXAM REVIEW AND SOLUTIONS
⩥ Pure-breeding individuals always have the _________ genotype.
Answer: homozygous
⩥ T/F A collection of clones containing all the DNA sequences carried
by an individual is called a genomic library. Answer: True
⩥ Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancers (HNPCC) ____.
a. are caused by one-of-a-kind DNA sequences called microsatellites
b. are caused by one mutation in a single gene
c. begin with a mutation in the APC gene
d. are rare in the United States, but common in Europe
e. are caused by several mutations in several different genes Answer: E
⩥ The inheritance of human traits is predictable because the genes
controlling them exhibit the principles of both ________ and ________
during meiosis. Answer: segregation/independent assortment
,⩥ An individual who is at risk of passing a genetic defect onto his or her
offspring would most likely undergo ____.
a. genetic testing
b. preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
c. amniocentesis
d. enzyme replacement therapy
e. genetic screening Answer: A
⩥ T/F For threshold traits, the liability for a genetic disorder is
distributed among individuals in a bell-shaped curve. Answer: True
⩥ A cell that cannot form spindle fibers cannot ____.
a. exchange gases across the plasma membrane
b. perform mitosis nor meiosis
c. engage in protein synthesis
d. engage in energy production
e. perform DNA replication Answer: B
⩥ T/F Nonsense mutations change termination codons into amino acid
codons. Answer: False
,⩥ A cellular molecular pathway by which an external signal is converted
into a functional response is called _________ Answer: signal
transduction
⩥ T/F Dizygotic twins originate from two separate fertilization events.
Answer: True
⩥ PBDEs are ____.
a. permitted in many European countries but banned in the United
States
b. banned worldwide but are still being used illegally
c. banned in many European countries but permitted in most states in
the United States
d. banned in many Europeans countries and all states in the United
States
e. permitted in only one European country and in only 11 states in the
United States Answer: C
⩥ One possible explanation for why _________ is a primary risk factor
for autosomal trisomy is that oocytes remain in meiosis I until ovulation,
which could take place many years after birth, making them more
susceptible to damage. Answer: maternal age
, ⩥ One finding of the Human Genome Project was that mutations in
_____ can cause mutations in distant regions of the genome, which can
result in cancer.
a. open reading frames
b. introns
c. promoter regions
d. DNA repair genes
e. SNPs Answer: D
⩥ If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I, ____.
a. all gametes will be abnormal
b. two gametes will be normal and two will be missing one
chromosome
c. all gametes will be normal
d. two gametes will be normal and two will have one extra chromosome
e. three gametes will be normal and one will have two extra
chromosomes Answer: A
⩥ Which genetic diseases involve defects in DNA repair that affect cell
division?
